Kumukuai inideka - o ka hookumu ana o ka pono-i ka auhau. I ka moolelo o ka hooulu ana o ka manaÿo, ano, a me ka ho omaulia hiʻona

kumukuai inideka - he ke kaupaonaʻana inideka e characterizes ke kuai waiwai io o kekahi mau 'pūʻulu o ka waiwai a me ka lawelawe i loko o kekahi mau māhele'āina no ka wā o ka manawa. ka lilo o ke ola ololi characterizes ka moku'āina o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni. Kēia no laila,-kapa mau kumukuai inideka. ʻololī ma ka laulā nā hoailona kōkua pāʻoihana e hoʻoholo e pili ana i hoʻokomo kālā. A pau kēia mau kumumea i mau hōʻailona ia e ke aupuni, ana helu lapaʻau nāna loa ke kālā no Hawaii, a me ka Pekelala State 'ikepili helu Service o. Consumer Price Index - ka loa kaulana o ia. Ma kēia 'atikala e nānā mākou i ka mōʻaukala o kēia manaʻo, ke ano o nā hoailona, kā lākou i ka ho omaulia a me ka palapala noi hiʻona.

ka wehewehena o ka manaÿo

Price Index - he ana helu pili waiwai. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoohalike i nāʻano o ka makeke waiwai io o ka pūʻulu o ka waiwai a me nā lawelawe i pili i ka manawa a me ka Leeuwerikplein ka lewa. Nā Papahana O Ka helu ana i ke anakahi hoʻomaka me ka wae a koho ana o ka 'elele hāpana o ka haʻilula. Aia i ekolu papa kuhikuhiE indices: ka deflator o GDP, consumer a me ka hanalima kumukūʻai.

Mōʻaukala o ka manaʻo

I waena o economists ka mea, aohe kona manaʻo ma me ka poe i hele mai me ka mea mua kumukuai inideka. Kēia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea, o ka 'Oihana limahana ma keia kula, he hailona. He nui i kapa a hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o Raysa Vogana "e kamailio nei o ka malihini a me ka coinage." Kana hana i paʻiʻia ma ka 1675. Ka mea kākau makemake makemake, e hookaawale i ka inflationary hopena o ka influx o ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi, mai Amerika a hiki i Spain, mai ka hopena o ka debasement. Vaughan hoʻohālike au i ka hana kānāwai o kona manawa a me ka wā o Edward III, ai ka pae o Hawaii uku i ua paa. Wales Economists manaʻo ia no ia mea, ua hiki ke kuai ka hola i ka like 'ia paha o ka waiwai. Vaughan like hoike mai i ka nui o nā kumukūʻai ma ka UK ma ka mua kenekulia ua mahuahua ma 6-8 manawa. Naʻe, ka mea, ua i pololei pōpilikia ulu ana.

First kumukuai inideka i ua mau hōʻailona ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia economist William Fleetwood i ka 1707. Au a kokoke ma Oxford haumāna i hiki ke lilo i ka hoʻokuʻu 'ku i ka mea i kona makahiki loaa ka oi ma mua o elima paona. Ua hoʻolako 'ia i loko o ka 15th kenekulia. Poepoe o ka pomaikai Fleetwood me kumukuai loli, no laila ia i ma ka hoʻolilo ua he nui nui o ana helu 'ike ma luna o ke kahe ana. He ho'āʻo ai i loko o ka 260 makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loli me ka nui loa o ka waiwai o ka elima paona. Kona hopena, oia paʻi anonymously, akā, i kona noiʻi nui kōkua Oxford haumāna.

Laspeyres

Ka mea nui wale no ka hapanui kanaka o ke ala i loko o consumer kala, a characterizes emi ka waiwai o ke kālā. Kēia anakahi Ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka paa hinai o ka waiwai a me nā lawelawe. He He Heʻano o ka 'inideka Laspeyres, e like me ia ma ka helu ana i ka uku o ka waihona ipu makahiki. E Q ₀ - kumu kiʻekiʻe o ke kala. Ua hiki no hoi e pono ai ka nui o ka waiwai i loko o ka consumer hīnaʻi. A P ₀ a me ka P ₁ - kumukuai pae i loko o ka waihona ipu a me kaʻikena wā. A laila, e ia i ka haʻilula o ka consumer kumukuai inideka (CPI) like penei: Σ (Q m P ₀ ¹⁾ Σ (Q P ₀ m _0). I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia o ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia anakahi mea i ka mea, aole i lawe i loko o ka nui nā loli i ke kāki' ole. Ua Hōʻike 'ia wale nō ka makahiki hookoia, ignoring i ka manawa kūpono o ka hakahaka. No laila, i ka consumer kumukuai inideka pinepine hoakaka he overvalued uku o ka emi ka waiwai o ke kālā i ka wa kumukuai ulu, a undervalued - e like me ka mea, haule iho.

GDP deflator

Kekahi anakahi, a characterizes ka moku'āina o ka hoʻokele waiwai, mea he Paasche Index. He ka nānā 'ana kēlā me kēia manawa ma luna o ka hou consumer hinai, a me ka hoʻokuʻu' ilikai. E Q ₀ a me Q ₁ - auoiaea i loko o ka waihona ipu, a me ka he wā, a me ka P ₀ a me ka P ₁ - e like me kaʻikepili manawa mōlina 'kuai pae. A laila, deflator GDP haʻilula mea like penei: GDPdeflator = Σ (Q ₁ m P ₁₎ Σ (Q ₀ m P _0). Kēia anakahi hiki ke pōpilikia no hoi ma ka mahele ana i ka palena iki loa wahi lulu huina hoonui o ka oiaio. I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia me keia anakahi mea i mea pinepine underestimates emi ka waiwai o ke kālā ma ka consumer kumukuai inideka haawi kona uhauha ana, a ano,ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka hoomahuahua i loko o kala.

Ka awelike waiwai

No ka hoʻoponopono 'o ka hoʻomaopop' ana i hewa i loko o ka mua mau kii, i dala ma kekahi kumu kuai inideka. Ua i ka American economist Irving lawaiʻa. He manaʻo e hoʻomaulia i ka geometric kaulana waiwai, i mea, i ka huinahalike kumu o ka huina hoonui o ka Laspeyres a me Paasche.

Rosstat: Consumer Price Index

E like me ka Pekelala State 'ikepili helu Service, i ka-yeiiiie? Ua hoomaka ana e hoohaahaa iho aku. Ma Ianuali 2016, consumer kumukūʻai mahuahua ma ka 9.8% i ka ia o ka malama o ka 2015 lākou ka ulu ana, he 12.9%. Emi iho malalo o ka huahelu ua wale i loko o November 2014. Ma awelika, me ka CPI ma Rusia ua like ia 137,42% no ka wā o ke kūʻokoʻa. Ka ha ua ma April 2012 - 3.6%. Record kiʻekiʻe kala 'inideka, Rosstat kākau i loko o Kekemapa o 1992 - 2333.3%. I ka helu ana keia anakahi Rosstat E hoomanao i ka waeʻano: ka ai a me ka 'ole-kanakaʻona mau nā mea inu (30%), ka halihali (14%), ka lole a me ka lole kamaʻa (11%), i? Ieaoa (11%), a Park (6%) .