"Lorry" GAZ-AA. History, hoakaka, hiʻona

GAZ-AA, "lorry", ke kaʻao mīkini mālama '-kaua a me ka wartime, hana ma ka Gorky ulia kaʻa Plant i ka 1932. Ke prototype kükohu ua me ka nānā 'ana ma o ka kona kalaka Amelika, "Ford AA" i ka 1930, a i kuai ai, mai ka Soviet Union ma ka laikini aelike. No laila, he "lorry" GAZ-AA, a i mai ua modernized na manawa he nui. Car mea i manao ai ua poe noonoo ole a me ka ike loea. I ia manawa, ai ka Soviet kaʻa hana i loko o kona wā kamaliʻi, a kŘpa a inexpensive laikini no kona kalaka? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua Ua loa kōkua maikaʻi.

I ka manawa kūpono o ka Gorky mea kanu ma ka hua'ōlelo o oaoieei-? Ieaoa he kiʻekiʻe, no laila, ke? Iecaianoaaiiie manao e holo ma ke kinoea. Characteristically, na kaa ua hanaʻia ma ka 'Amelika laikini, koke hoʻoneʻe e hōʻoia i ka wahi lulu eiiiiiaiou. He mea oluolu loa e kūkulu i ka pa alima ma ka honua ma mua o ke kauoha ia huakaʻi i ke kai, a kakali mahina no ka lako. Ke'ī mai, i kaʻaha kanaka kaʻina hana, "lorry" Ua lilo i technologically holomua hoomaikai i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Soviet nā kānakaʻenehana.

modernization

"Lorry" GAZ-AA komo aku i loko o? Iecaianoaaiiuo ma January 1932, a me kaʻaha kanaka pōʻeleʻele loa Gorki kaʻa koke hōʻike he kiʻekiʻe uku o ke kala o ka kona kalaka. Ka lā la aku, mai ka mea hoʻoili 60 hi, a no ke waiho i ka Loaʻaʻia hoʻonui. Ke Soviet mana mea okoa mai ka ÷ Amelika, he helu o kiko'î. Ma kahi o ka piuta i hoʻokumu i ka nou ana la o crankcase lālau ikaika hoʻohewa kōmike hoʻokeleʻano papa hana ma ka carburetor ea Kānana hoʻouka kekahi. Kino kekahi manawa hou 'ia, ma-ka moku koho ia i no wahi lulu Nails. Ma hope, Soviet akamai nui i ka hanana dump hōʻoia "lorry", a ua kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka mea i i ole i ke kino, e hoʻokahuli. Ukana pūnawele ma lalo o kona mau kaumaha ma ka loko o ia mau hōʻailona i ke kino lalo. Ua ua lawa, e wehe i kaʻaoʻao hope.

kaʻa

hope o ka wehe i manao ai "lorry" ua mua a me ka hana. Kalaka nui-elliptic wai ke aupuni 'ia ma ka kūikawā alanui, ma ke alo o ka hope paepae komo huila kaola no laila, i kā lākou amortization une lōhai hana i külana. Ma kēia 'ole, ka hope wehe lilo nui aku kana olelo hoopomaikai, a manufacturable ma e like me ka piha elliptic wai. Akā, i kēia mea i manao ai ua ka kekahi drawback - wā ke peleki pāʻana ālai 'me ka wai ia ma mau wahie, a me ka pinepine ana ke aloha. Stepladders hīkākā nei a me ka pūnāwai lau hoomaka ana e neʻe me ka pili ana i ka lonikū iho (axis).

laau kāpena

Loa mai māhele o ka Soviet? Iecaianoaaiiie o "lorry" GAZ-AA i halawai mai ka makahiki 1933. Eaaei mua kaʻa i ka lāʻau, a me ka mai makahiki 1934 ma ka mīkini hoʻouka kekahi i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia Module me ka canvas kaupaku.

ʻenehana kona kalaka GAZ-AA Ua kūkulu ma luna o ka haka ai-type kaʻa, lau-pūnāwai mai paha. Ka piha e kaawale aku ai nń absorbers i ka holo ana o ka mīkini lolelua ka a me ka uaua. Naʻe, i ke kaa ana hoʻokō hana ma ka halihali ana i moku, a hamoʻia pohihihi keia. Hawaii "kinoea-AA" kekahi ruggedness a me kiʻekiʻe maintainability. Ka mea, ke hana i loko o ka loa haʻahaʻa-papaʻaila kā nā huahana, haʻahaʻa-octane kakolina a me ka kerosene, a hiki i ka wela wa pono.

hewa

Ka nawaliwali wahi "lorry" i ka like me ka, a me ka o na pu ki. Lākou ola māhunehune i ka hapalua o ka makahiki, a laila ka mokuna mai o ka'ōnaehana, a me ka o na pu ki he ia e hana hou ia. I hookuu i ke kaʻa wahi iho la i kumu.

Kekahiʻiʻo pilikia i loko o ka hana o ka GAZ-AA Ua pio ka polokalamu ka huʻi shortage o ka papale hainaka. Ua loaa i ka wahi i ka hope paepae komo huila o ke kaʻa i hoʻolako pono me eha huila mea ole, e like me i, ua waihoia ma ka palapala holo'āina'ē, akā, wale elua, no ka mea, o ka mea ma ka 'auhau o ka mīkini haule.

A me keia manawa, "lorry" ua ka loa papakaukau Soviet kaʻa ma ka prewar a me ka kaua makahiki. GAZ-AA hoʻohana i kekahi no ka mea Hoʻololi 'ulu - ka mea, he mau ambulances, likeʻole poʻina nalu, ka malamalama, a me ka acoustic mea hoʻonoho, hana hou i ka lawe lima "lele poe", Anati-kinoea, kou niho a me ka sanitation avtolaboratorii, radios a me ka Radio i kakahiaka nui aʻoaʻo, kauoha aku la i ku, a me ka Air, a kau iho Ua hoʻomaka 'iniha, kapuaʻi.

IeAIIeXIAaIEN

I ka 1938, o ka "lorry" GAZ-AA loaa hou engine GAZ-MM nona iho o ka 50 nā lika. ke., i a laila, i kau ma luna o ke kaʻa "Molotovets-1" ma lalo o ka inoa GAZ-M1. Ma waho aʻeo no ka hōʻano hou engine "lorry" Ua hoʻolako pono me ka hoonui ae i kōmike hoʻokele a me ka driveshaft ma ka puka o nā mea pilihao. Kaʻa i ka pūnāwai ole kŰia absorbers.

Mai ka "lorry" - kaʻaʻenehana, a me kona kala ua kukuluia ma ka pōkole manawa, ke kükohu ua lilo paʻa mau i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai Soviet. I ia manawa, i noʻonoʻo i ke kaʻa lawe ana nona iho i loko o ka 1.5 tons he lawa. I ka manawa o ka ohi ai ana ma luna o ke kahua pepehi hoʻolele haneri, a kaa e koke i mai i ka wa e ohi ai no ka aaioee, a laila, hoʻi i kā lākou Hawaii amo. Car "lorry" Ua noʻonoʻo i ka versatile kaa. He ua he pilikia-kuokoa a me ka haʻahaʻa-ka hoʻoponopono.

Car "lorry", oaoieei-hoakaka

ʻia machines: perednemotornaya, RWD.

Ana a me ke kaupaona kiko'î:

• Kaa lōʻihi - 5335 mm o;
• kiʻekiʻe - 1870 mm o;
• laula - 2030 mm o;
• honuaʻaeʻae - 200 mm o;
• wheelbase - 3340 mm o;
• Ua curbs ke kaupaona - 1750 mm o.

mana kanu

Ka mea, i ka i kēia 'ano:

• Pake momoku ahi - "GAZ-A ';
• ʻano - kola;
• hoʻonohonohoʻia - eha-paukūʻolokaʻa, ma-laina;
• e hana ana i ka leo - 3285 CC / knm;
• i kā mākou nona iho - 40 nā lika. p.;
• ikehu - 1200 rev / min i 165 HI;
• paukūʻolokaʻa anawaena - 98,43 mm o;
• mīkini'opihia hiʻohiʻona - 4,22;
• Mapuna hoe - 87 mm o;
• Anuanu'ōnaehana - wai;
• paukūʻolokaʻa poo - hao;
• paukūʻolokaʻa aeie - hao;
• helu o nā pōʻaiapuni - 4;
• i kā mākou māmā - 70 km / h;

EYI - manual, eha-māmā gearbox.

"Lorry" - ka mīkini paʻa

Kaawale mai ka mea mau ma-papa kaʻa GAZ hua tipper hoʻololi 'kinoea-C1. I ka rula o ka hana ana o keia mīkini i kona mau lā hana. Ke haawe i loko o ke kino initially hoʻonoho ai i kona nuipa a ua ikaika loa o Paulo ma kaʻaoʻao hoʻi, a ua laka 'ia e kekahi mea holo ana. Loader a me ka Keaukaha e wehe i ka laka, a me ka hale nā nuipa a ma lalo o kona mau kaumaha e haule ana mai mai. A laila, ua hou Hoopaa iho la i ka nele kino i ka laka.

"Road o Life"

Ma ke komo 'ana o GAZ-AA ( "lorry") i loko o ke kaua o 1941-1945 i kākau i ka puu o ka puke. Akā, i ka mea nui Mokuna ala hele ma i Makemaka ka kaʻao kaʻa ua "aoao o ke ola", kau ma luna o ka hau o Lake Ladoga. Kēia i ka mea wale nō alanui e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻopilikiaʻia Leningrad me ke waho honua.

Ice ke hele malamalama wale nō GAZ-AA. Koa "lorry" me tinted headlights mālie hala ka mamao ma lalo o ke ahi, mai Kelemānia mea kaua a me ka hoopakele ana i ka ai a hiki i ke kūlanakauhale i hoʻopilikiaʻia. He nui nā hi hele aku ma lalo o ka hau, akā nō i mālama i ke kulanakauhale, i ka liʻiliʻi loa hoomaikai i ka hoʻolaʻaʻana o ke kaʻao "lorry".

Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Apana World War Gorky ulia kaʻa Plant Ua hoʻomaka' ana? Iecaianoaaiiuo o koa ia i kona kalaka i loko o ka Nohie palapala. Aole ia i kuu mai anu-olokaa metala shortage, a me ka nele o ka helu ana o eiiiiiaiou. Ke koa "lorry" aohe puka - kahi hoʻouka kekahi canvas pale, alo eheu ua hanaʻia mai kaʻike mau roofing hao. ʻO nā paleki he wale ma luna o ka hope o huila, a uhi ihola i ke alanui hoʻokahi headlight. I kaʻaoʻao pa o ke kino mai, mai waiho kunihi.

Ka pau 'ana o? Iecaianoaaiiuo

Wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 1944 i ke kaa i ka maʻamau palapala, he mau puka i loko o ka lāʻau, i ka mua nā paleki, i ka lua o ka headlamp a me kaʻaoʻao puapua. Ma hope o ke kaua, "lorry" hou-hua mai la i ka nui na mea, no ka mea, o ka aina i ka pono o kekahi kaʻao ka. GAZ-AA? Iecaianoaaiiuo hoomauia a hiki i ka makahiki 1956. A ma ke alanui, hiki ke 'ike i kēia mau kaa i ka mua 1960 i mua machines i ole e puku i ka GAZ-51.