Lūkini hoolaʻi oihana. An kahiko Russian hoolaʻi oihana. Arts a House

Russian hoolaʻi oihana hiehie i ka nui ahu iho la ka moʻomeheu. Ke peculiarity o ko mākou'āina i loko o ka mea eʻaneʻane kēlā kihi kēia kihi o ka ia, mokuna paha hana nona iho māhele 'āina i konaʻano iho, he humuhumu'ōniʻoniʻo. Ua hiki ke pena i loko o kekahi mea, Pottery a me toys, kaula uliuli, pastries a mea 'ē aʻe.

pena

Rusia Ua lōʻihi Ua kaulana no ka mea a pau honua Artists. Ua hooko ia lauana mākou mau haku, hikiʻole i ka manaʻo o kekahi i kekahi Europa artist. Over manawa, i kekahi? Ac? Wahi a me nā kula e hoʻomau i ka mooolelo o ko makou poe kanaka.

Inoa i na ano a me nā 'ana i kūpono o ka pena i loko o Rusia mea kokoke ole. Aia i laila, he nui loa, a me kēlā hāpai i kekahi Wahiiki, a me ka moʻomeheu. Ka loa kaulana Lūkini hoolaʻi mea noʻeau, a me ka akamai, keia mea:

• Gzhel. Mau uliuli lauana ma keʻokeʻo porcelain ia mea ma ka Moscow, a ma kahi e aku. Initially tableware mai ka hana keʻokeʻo lepo hoʻohana no kona mau pono. Over manawa, ka mea, ua palahalaha ae ma Rusia, a hoomaka ae la hoi e e hoʻohana no ka "mea lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai." Ka mua a me ka Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou kumu ma ke keʻokeʻo nani ikea nui hope - ma ka hopena o XIX kenekulia.
• Noʻeau House - Khokhloma. 'O kēia kekahi o ka luawai-ike hoʻailona o Rusia. Kēia manaʻo no ka aneane 400 makahiki. Ua lae ma Nizhny Novgorod. Ke peculiarity o ka huahelu mea i ka laau a me ka ipu hao depicting likeʻole hua, pua, manu, a me na holoholona. Ua hoʻohana ka hapanui ulaula a me kaʻeleʻele ka inika ma luna o ke kāʻei kua gula. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana 'omaomao a me ka melemele.
• Gorodets pena. Ka lawaia Ua kū hoʻokahi i loko o iaʻano o ka lāʻau i hoʻohana mua i konaʻano hana: kekahi malamalama, ka mea'ē aʻe pouli. Ma kūikawā recesses hookomoia cutout wale i kaʻai a me ka loaa ana i kekahi palapala kiʻi. Ia hope hoomaka ae la lakou e hana tint. ʻaneʻane kela Picture i ka papa kuhikuhiE hehee ai - he nani lio me ka lima'ā'ī.

Kaawale mai kēia mau 'ana i kūpono, a hana akamai a me handicrafts, he mea nō he nui nui o ka pena i Rusia a pau mea haʻaheo a hiki i kēia lā. Ka mea,ʻo ka hōʻailona o ko mākou'āina, a me nā kumuhana o kona haaheo. It Zhostovo a me Mezen pena, Fedoskino a me Palekh'āhihi , a mea 'ē aʻe.

Pottery

Ua ua ikeia ua kahiko Lūkini ua puleʻAmelika, sedentary a me ka hana kanaka. I ka maʻamau o ke ola 'Imi hana i kekahiʻano o ka Pottery. No laila, mahalo i loko o ia mau lā i ka Lūkini hoolaʻi hana - Pottery.

Mau kanaka ike i initially keia i hana wale nō ma nā wāhine. Ka mea, ua nui loa wale hope i i hoopau ai i ke hoolilo i kēia mau hana a hiki i ka lima ikaika o kanaka.

E like me ka rula, ka mea hana ma ka oihana i loko o ka mau o maoli hoʻomāhuahua mai o ka lepo. E like me ka rula, ka mea i hana ma na kauhale, a noho. Mea huna Pottery hala, mai ia hanauna aku ia hanauna aku.

Ka loa kaulana apana ma Rusia, i mea kaulana no kona poe paahana, e i kupanaha Pottery lilo Novgorod, Smolensk, Ryazan, Gzhel, Vologda, a he nui na mea e ae. Nō kāu, kēia mau mea a pau na mau mea i mea kokoke i ka muliwai a me ic ??.

No ka lepo ia ia i ole waleʻoihana. He ākeaʻano o nā toys, figurines, pio aku, jewelery a me ka haleʻo ka lako. A luku mai hoʻohālike - akamai Gzhel. Mua hua mai la kela pālolo tableware. Ano, kekahi Lūkini souvenir Shopʻoe ke huli i kekahi apana o ke Pottery me ke kūpono hanana uliuli kumu.

Ma ka Nizhny Novgorod māhele o ka Pottery originated i loko o ka XVI kenekulia. Kekahi o kona mau kumu i ua Bogorodskoye. Hiki i keia manawa, aia no he ahaaina o ka haku a me kânaka o keia oihana.

Ma ke kikowaena hapa o Rusia ka mea, ua lohe nuiʻia a me ka hoʻohana 'ia he palolo kekahi kile. Kēia no koi i ka kūikawā ke akamai a me ke ahonui. Clay obnalichnikami hoʻonaniʻia home o ka poe waiwai boyars, e like me na ekalesia he nui, a cathedrals.

Ulana a me ka kaula

He aneane i ka ia no ka mea Lūkini kuʻuna nō, e like pena ai ke kalai ana i. Naʻe, i kēia kahiko Lūkini hoolaʻi o kana oihana lawe i ke kilokilo kuleana pili i. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kapa Slavs - o ke ala,ʻaʻole wale nō e mālama aku i ka anu a me ka ino ino, akā, i kaʻaoʻao maikaʻi e hookahi manawa hou i ka pale aku i kekahi hewa maka, pōʻino a me ka maʻi.

Ia mea ke kumu ke kumu ma ka 'atikala o Lūkini haku mea ai nui. No ka nui kenekulia ka mea, ua nohoʻaneʻane ua hoʻololiʻia. I ka Ia manawa ia mea he hana kāleka o na aina a pau e noho ana i loko o ka palena o Rusia. Ka mea, i hoohui 'ike e pili ana i kona ulu ana, nui hanana a me nā koa.

Ka maikai loa-ike ka poe hana pela handicrafts:

• Mea hale aliʻi. Ma ka Middle Ages, ua akamai i nui mahalo a me ka pinepine aku i loko o ka home o ka waiwai boyars a me nā aliʻi hiki ke ike ambassadorial ua humulauʻia tablecloths, a ua kuluma kāna fabrics Special olona fabrics. Ka loa kaulana haku kuai Kadashevskaya hooponopono a me Khamovniki Moscow māhele 'āina. I kuaiia huahana a me Cherkasovo Breytovo Yaroslavl māhele 'āina.
• Downy shawls. Kēia huahana, e like matryoshka a Khokhloma, nō keʻano o Rusia. Ka nui hiʻona loaa Orenburg downy shawls. No ka mea manawa mua lakou la ia mea, mai ka wanaao o ka XVIII kenekulia. Ka mea, i i ka pahee a me ka mehana kao ka hulu hipa a me ka silika, o ka pulupulu, a me nā huakaʻi, ia me ke kumu. I ike hapa-ka hulu hipa a me ka hulu hipa Pavlovsky Posad shawls pai ia.
• Kaula. No ka mea manawa mua i kēia lāhui kanaka maalea lilo he ākea ma ka XVII kenekulia. Ke kaula ua i ma ka lima o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka laau koʻokoʻo-bobbins. Pela ka mea, i kūikawā notch filaments. Ua mea ma kēia mau koʻokoʻo haku ulana i ka makemake lauana. Oiwi maoli-oaio? Ia o ke kaula i loko o Rusia ua Vologda, Mikhailovsky apana ma Ryazan, ka Soviet wahi i loko o ka Kirov? Aeiia, a Yelets Apana ma Lipetsk māhele 'āina.

Like nui Lūkini poʻe akamai, a me ka ulana kaula i loko o ka Soviet wā a me kēia lā kokoke aole e hoʻomōhala. Ua koe loa he mau Artists i hiki loa recreate i nā 'ana i kūpono a me nā lauana o kahiko loina.

Blacksmithing

Rusia i mau Ua kaulana no ka ikaika a me ka ola kanaka. He mea känalua 'blacksmithing ua lilo kekahi o ka loa hanohano a koʻi kaua hana i nā kūpuna o kākou. He mau kanaka ikaika, a Hardy a he mau kaao a me nā moʻolelo i haku like me ka haaheo o ka lāhui kanaka, a me kona koa.

Me ka hao, uaʻikeʻia mai mākou pololei kūpuna - ka Slavs. A mua i loko o ka XI kenekulia, ka Lūkini poʻe oihana wale no loa prevalent. ʻO ka mea nui loa na'lii a kahi e kokoke i ka hoʻokomo kālā o na mea i eliia, a he palolo kekahi.

IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, blacksmiths wale e ohi ai, a me ka hoʻokō 'metala. Ma keia hihia, keʻano hana o ka forging koeʻaneʻane kŰlń a hiki i ka XIX kenekulia. Mua, he apana o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia e lalana ana me ka hoʻohana 'forge, a laila, hoʻohana i ka hāmare kana olelo hoopomaikai metala a pau slag wehe.

Ua i Artisans pahikaua ole wale. Lakou i kanaka o ka wili a me ki, koʻi lipi a me nā pahi, a me nā kui paipu, ieoaeunoai, paona, a mea 'ē aʻe.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ioauoa o blacksmithing i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Lūkini o Zlatoust kila, a ua kuaiia a ua koʻi kaua e ko makou poe alii, e like me ke kapikala o ke kaua, Pavlovsky ka halepaahao, Siberia, i ke kulanakauhale o Belev, a he nui na mea e ae. Iimenno kēia mau wahi i kaulana hana, a no ka wa pau me ia i loko o Lūkini poʻe akamai.

Woodcarving a me ka iwi

Kekahi kahiko, akā, hoʻopoina i loa oihana. Mākou poʻe kānaka a pau i ke kapu manaʻo. ʻO ka maʻamau na mea o kela la i keia i kūpuna ho'āʻo e hoʻohana kūikawā 'ikamu. Ia mea no ia, a ua likeʻole poʻe akamai noi. No i komo ai huahana i ka maoli mea: pohaku, iwi a me ka laau.

Ma waho i kekahi i hana likeʻole hale 'ikamu, oe akamai, a no laila, ma luna o., Me ke kōkua o ka pae Ua wehi i ka facades o ka hale,ʻo ia sculptures, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Special hiʻona la ia akamai:

• Shemogodskaya auwaha elm. Kēia nō i kona kêia kanaka i loko o ka Vologda māhele 'āina. Elm, hoʻowahāwahā kona nohoaliʻi fragility, he ikaika a me ka mau nō mea. Vologda haku e likeʻole o nā hīnaʻi, Pottery, hinai, Jewelry, a hoi kamaa, a kapa. Ke peculiarity o kēia mau huahana mea i ka hana kuʻuna kumu intertwined maoli Floral kāhiko, na lau a me ka hua, pua, a kumu.
• Varnavinsky iwi kalai ana. 'O kēia ka no o Nizhny Novgorod poʻe kānaka nō haku. Ka mea hilo i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka kūikawā hale hoanmike, i loko o ka lāʻau. Ke peculiarity o kēia mau huahana o nā aliʻi e kāpae kū hoʻokahi a me ka individuality. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, o kela apana ua hana hana lima, me kekahi UAAIIeIIeX, a hehi ihola au iā.
• Abramtsevo-Kudrino pae. Kēia kekahi noʻeau o kana oihana i lohe nuiʻia i loko o ka XIX kenekulia. Ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēiaʻano hana i nā pākeke, mau kīʻaha, a me nā vases pahu, e like me kekahi' ikamu a me ka Home. Mau. Ke peculiarity o kēia mau huahana o ka prevalence o ka likeʻole curls, rosettes, lala, toning a me ka anaiia i ka wahie.

Ma waho aʻeo ia mau akamai, Rusia mea waiwai haku i ole wale pili hiki na kumu hoohalike ma luna o ka pōhaku, iwi a me ka laau. Ka mea, e, e like me ka mea he mea manuahi i ke kumu maoli o ka mea ka iho hana. I mea no ke aha kēia mau huahana mea i hana a me ka hanana.

Handicrafts: toys

I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea no kekahi 'ohana - i ka hoomau ana o na? Ueo. I mea no ke aha la na keiki i mau haawiia kūikawā noonoo. Ka mea, i hahai, ao aku la lakou, a, o ka papa, hoʻokani ai me ia. I mea e lawe i ke keiki, ua i mākou kūikawā akamai: ili, lole, laau, pohaku, a pela aku ...

Lūkini kilokilo a me nā akamai no na keiki:

• Matryoshka. Ka loa kaulana liʻiliʻi i ua lilo ia i hōʻailona o Rusia. No ka mea manawa mua kēia lāʻau pēpē kIʻiʻikeʻia i loko o ka hopena o XIX kenekulia. Ma huina, ka mea, he 8 iniha, kapuaʻi. Mīkini penei: ano o pēpē kIʻi turner. Ua Ua laila pena, a loaa ke ano o Lūkini kaikamahine me ka, wale uuku kope ia ma loko.
• Liʻiliʻi Bogorodskaya, kiʻi kālaiʻia. Mau toys hoomaka ae la e e hoʻi i loko o ka XVI-XVII kenekulia. Ma keia hihia, no ka haku i ole e ano o sculptures, akā, i kūikawā neʻeʻana huahelu. Ua aiia, mahiʻai, holoholona a me na manu, e like me holoʻokoʻa, e hoohuli mai maʻamau o kua'āina ola.
• Dymkovo toys. Handicrafts o ka suburb ike kokoke a pau ma luna o Rusia. Ma ka XV kenekulia, i ka mooolelo o ka hana ana i leʻaleʻa toys-pio aku i ka lepo. Mau kii o ka holoholona, kanaka, a me nā manu lawe i nā kiʻi kahiko. Tradition o keia lawaia ua,ʻaʻole i hiki i mau, mai ka makua kāne i ke keiki, a mai ka makuwahine i ke kaikamahine.

I ka helu a pau ike a kahikoʻana, ka mea i hoʻolaʻa kā lākou nā mākau i na keiki, ka mea hiki e mana loa. A me kela mea keia mea i kona mau ano toys, kūikawā hiʻona,ʻaʻole ano o ke koena.

aniani-puhi? iecaianoaaiiuo

'O kēia kekahi o nā hana loa paʻakikī a me ka hana hoihoi i ka ia manawa. Ma Rusia, he puhi o kana oihana,ʻikeʻia,ʻaʻole i lōʻihi kahiko - i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia. Kona mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā ua Prince Menshikov. A, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i initially ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kono haole, alaila, ua lilo ha awina mākou 'āina Lūkini hoolaʻi oihana.

Aniani-manufacturing oaio i ke kulanakauhale o Klin. He wahi ia mākou ke kiʻi i ka Fabulous exhibition o Christmas nā mea hoʻonani a me nā mea e nani ai. No ke aha la keia kulanakauhale kokoke i Moscow? Kēia māhele mea waiwai ma ka hoʻokomo kālā o ka waiwai no ka glassblowers one - pōaka, me ka a he mea hiki ole ke hana.

Kekahi wahi ike a pau ma luna o ka'āina, ka mea, ke Gus aniani. Ke kulanakauhale aie kona inoa i kekahi kahiko aniani-puhi hola, hoʻokumu i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia, a pili ana i ke kaulana Lūkini nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā Maltsov.

ʻO wai ka mea i kēia kupanaha kanu produces keʻano o nā huahana mai keia fragile mea. Kēia waina makaaniani a me ka waina makaaniani, vases a me damasks, a me ka hana hoihoi souvenirs, a hiki i ka haleʻo ka lako.

Hoikehonua, oihana nā hōʻike

Ano, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea no na mea he nui Lūkini akamai a me ka poe paahana - e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomōhala. Hiʻona - o ke ki i ka pomaikai. ike i ka nui kanaka, a mahalo i ka hana, me ka maikaʻi, i ka nui kauoha i mau haku.

Eia hou kekahi, handicrafts kōkua i ka hou hanauna e maopopo i ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o ko lākou mau aina. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō hana hoihoi a me ka informative, akā, i ka hailona o ka leʻaleʻa, o ka oi aku no kahi mau keiki liilii. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kokoke kela mea keia mea o ko mākou huahana hoʻohana ao alohilohi i'ōniʻoniʻo, he kūoʻo nā kiʻi me he kūoʻo huapalapala.

E like me ka mau rula, ma kahi e ua kiaʻana i kāna i ke? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā akamai i ka makahiki kuai EIA. Ua ua iʻaneʻi e lawe mai haku kā lākou mau mea maikaʻi nā huahana no ka hōʻike 'ia nei, a kuai.

Ua kaulana loa a me ka hana hoihoi EIA i keia la:

• "Hawaii" exhibition o handicrafts. Ua lawe wahi ma Nizhny Novgorod kela makahiki. Eia nō i nā mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai ole wale i nā Artists, akā, i ka mea maikaʻi loa Lūkini poe paahana. Kēia hanana i wahi ma ka hapalua like-December.
• Ethnomir - haku, a akamai. Kēia exhibition i wahi i loko o ka Kaluga māhele 'āina i loko o Kepakemapa. Ua hoʻoʻiliʻili i ka mea maikaʻi haku o Rusia a me ke ao nei. E like me kekahi hapa o kaʻahaʻaina i nā kaua, i ka loa a me ka hana hoihoi informative nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao no ka kela mea keia mea.

Solovetsky Fashion Fair. Kēia mea he makahiki hanana ma ka Arkhangelsk māhele kipa e haku mai Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod a me nā artisan mau kulanakauhale a me na kauhale. No mahaloʻia e nā malihini House - Khokhloma, gzhel a me toys.

Ma waho EIAʻikepili, eia nō nui'ē aʻe i ohi nui loa o kanaka, a he hoʻonui i ka hou-muli o ka lōʻihi-poina handicrafts.

lawaia pahi

Art aaioee o ka metala i haawi aneane ma Rusia. A ma kekahi wahi ua a pau? Iecaianoaaiiuo-oaio? A huhui, mau ipu, na cutlery.

No kaulana no kona pono, e ka Haku i ka Nizhny Novgorod. Center o ka noʻeau metala o kana oihana lilo Pavlovskaya Sloboda. Ka mua hoʻomanaʻo o iaʻikeʻia i loko o ka XVI kenekulia. A laila, i ke akamai o nā handicrafts hohola ai i nā wahi a me nā wahi. No ka laʻana, i ke kūlanakauhale o Vorsma. Uaʻikeʻia ke akamai a me ke akamai o kūloko paahana oi loa aku ia Rusia. ua Iloko o ka Soviet Union i kēia wahi i ka oihana kapikala o ka "pahi lawaiʻa."

Lūkini pahi, a me nāʻoihana i hoʻonaniʻia me ka laulāʻano o nā mea, mai ka iwi a hiki i ka momi a me ka iasepi. Ka mea, ho oholo i ka kūikawā engraving, a i mālama,ʻaʻole wale nō i kāhiko, akā, i ke ano o ka ua hehi? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Kekahi o na hale kaulana loa i i mau kanaka i ka palapala noi House ohana hoʻokolokolo a me ka wehe 'ia' ike loea a me nā paena o ka oihana mai ka makua kāne i ke keiki, lilo Ptitsyn Zavyalov a me Biryutiny. Kā lākou huahana ua i ka nui manaʻo ma luna o ka oihana maikaʻi i loko o Philadelphia, Ladana, Pelelina a me Paris.

Jewelry pāʻoihana ma Rusia

'O kēia kekahi o ka loa a me ka waiwai hanohano akamai o ko mākou mau kanaka. Hiki i keia manawa, i ka huina hoonui o kahiko Lūkini haku, heʻe piʻoloke ihola i ka naau a me ka manao o ka malihini a me ka poe akamai i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha lehulehu a me nā hōʻike. Jewelcrafting mea kupaianaha i loko o ia mea, ua nānā 'ana ma luna o na mea he nui akamai a me handicrafts. Kēia forging, ke kālai, pena a mea 'ē aʻe.

Jewelry kii onohi i ka Lūkini kanaka, mai ka hanau ana a hiki i ka make. A hiki ma ka kamaiki kapa i kekahi lei a me ka puka nō ia mau pepeiao kaikamahine elemakule 6-8 makahiki. Boys kamaʻilioʻana, e hilinai aku i kekahi apo. Ma waho aʻeo ia mau nā mea hoʻonani, na kanaka e like Popular kūpeʻe, nā apo, a me nā apo, buckles, a no laila, ma luna o. Ka loa, he pono ole mea i loko o Rusia, he gula, i ke kala a me na momi. Hope, i ka wā o ka hana kūpono 'ana o ke kuai ana, he mau'agate,'emerala, ka sapeira, a garnets.

I loko nō o ka mea i ka Lūkini aliʻi hale Ua pinepine kono haole haku, ma Rusia, ua nui loa o ko lākou mau meʻe. It Gavrila Ovdokimov nana i pāpaʻi uhi i ka make Tsarevich Dmitry, Moscow mau haku Ivan Popov, Pestrikov Tretyak a me Athanasius Stepanov.

ua lilo Central wahi Jewelry hana-oaio? a, e haawi ala i ka House - Gzhel, noʻeau forging a me ka pena, a no laila, ma luna, Nizhny Novgorod, Red Village, Great Ustyug, a he nui na mea e ae.