Macrolides: papa inoa o ka ai ', i ka hōʻikeʻano

Ma ia i hui me macrolides, papa inoa o ka ai 'kiʻekiʻe, e hoike ana i ka lawa laulā o pākōlea noi. Mau ai 'ua pakele, a i hoʻohana' ia ma na maʻi o infectious ano, a me ka poʻe i hoʻowalewale i ka intracellular parasites a me koʻohune. Ka mea, e pono no ka hana maikaʻi nā maʻi o ka ili, ami, naehana nenoaiu, me bronchitis a me ka pneumonia e loli iki oolea.

I loa pneumonia mea i hoʻohana macrolides, papa inoa o nā huahana i i hoakaka ia ma ka maʻamau kanaka Hola Pūnaewele. Naʻe, ka mea, iloko ona 'ike e pili ana i ka pono, e hui pu iho la ia me nā antimicrobial konohiki. Loa pinepine ka mea i hoʻohana pu me cephalosporins. Keia hui malu pu ana apono 'ia ae ka hōʻoi' i ka laulā o nā ai 'ole e māhuahua kā lākou kaʻawahia.

Mea Maluna o macrolides

Ka loa kupono a me ka pono Mea Maluna o keia pae ana o ai 'o ka Nine Inch. Ua Hōʻike 'na oko ma ka' ole a me ka kumu o ka pae ana o antibiotics kapaia "macrolides". Ka papa inoa o ka ai 'ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei, a me ka hoomaopopo ana ia lakou iho ma luna o ka mea:

1. 14-Aupuni Lālā a macrolides:

• maoli me Kinohi - erythromycin a me ka oleandomycin;
• kalaka nui - clarithromycin a me ka roxithromycin, dirithromycin a me ka fluritromitsin, telithromycin.

2. azalide (15-Mer) Macrolides: Azithromycin.

3. 16-Aupuni Lālā a macrolides:

• maoli me Kinohi - midecamycin, spiramycin a me ka dzhosamitsin;
• semisynthetic - midecamycin'ākeka.

Kēia Mea Maluna Hōʻike 'ia wale nō ka mall hiʻona o ka papa o ka ai'. I ka papa o ka oihana inoa i haawiia mai ma lalo nei.

papa inoa o ka ai '

Macrolides - ai 'a ka papa mea he nui. I ka huina, e like me ka 2015, he 12 ai 'i loko o kēia papa. A helu o nā huahana i loaʻa kēia mau hana nā mea hoʻohui, ka nui kiʻekiʻe. He nui o ia hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau ulana pukapuka, a me ka lawe i ka hana i ka helu o ka maʻi. A me ka ai 'i loaʻa i loko o ka Moscow kekahi, e like me ka mea i helu i loko o ka Pharmacopoeia. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka oihana inoa mea haʻilula keimikala na macrolides, i ka i kēia:

• Erythromycin pinepine hua mai la i na mea haʻilula keimikala o ka ia inoa, a ua hui pū i loko o ka luna 'lāʻau "Zener" a me ka "Izotreksin".
• Oleandomycin - lāʻau hoʻomanaʻo "oletetrin".
• Clarithromycin: "Klabaks" a me ka "Klarikar", "Klerimed" a me ka "Klatsid", "Kleron" a me ka "Lekoklar", "Pilobakt" a me ka "Fromilid", "Ekozitrin" a me ka "Erasid", "Zimbaktar" a me ka "Arvitsin" "Kispar" a me ka "Klarbakt", "Klaritrosin" a me ka "Klaritsin", "Klasine" a me ka "coaters", "Klerimed" a me ka "Romiklar", "Seydon" a me ka "CP Clara."
• Roxithromycin ua pinepine i loaʻa i loko o ka palapala o ka nōhie kuai inoa, e like me ka pono me hapa o ka kēia mau ai ': "Ksitrotsin" a me "Romik," "Elroks" a me ka "Rulitsin", "Esparoksi".
• Azithromycin: "azivok" a me ka "Azidrop", "Azimitsin" a me ka "Azitral", "Azitroks" a me ka "Azitrus", "Zetamaks" a me "Z-ololi", "Zitnob" a me ka "Zitrolid", "Zitratsin" a me ka "Sumaklid "" Sumamed "a me ka" Sumamoks "," Sumatrolid "a me" TREMAKS-Sanovel "," Hemomitsin "a me ka" Ecomed "," safocid ".
• Midecamycin loaʻa like me ka lāʻau "Macropen".
• Spiramycin Ua loaʻa like "Rovamycinum" a me ka "spiramycin Vero".
• Dirithromycin, fluritromitsin a me ka telithromycin a dzhosamitsin i hua mai i loko o ka Moscow.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hana ana o macrolides

Kēia ho'ākāka 'ia pharmacological pūʻulu - macrolides - ka lawe i ka bacteriostatic ia ma luna o ka halepaahao susceptible pathogen infectious maʻi. Wale ma kiʻekiʻe nā hoʻohui like paha i kekahi bactericidal hookoia, eia nae keia hoao wale ma ka keʻena hoʻokolohua haʻawina. Ka waleʻano papa hana o ka hana ana o macrolides - keia inhibition o ke kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala o ka mea koʻohune halepaahao. Kēia aʻe a pau na keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka nui haʻawina o ka virulent meaola, ma o na la ia ia, e make ma hope o ka manawa.

me ka hui ana i na 50S-subunit o ka mea koʻohune ribosomes ke peleki pāʻanaʻano papa hana o ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala hou pili. Ka mea, ua kuleana no e hana i ka polypeptide kaula i DNA hoʻololi kemikala. Pela ko lakou kupikipikio hoʻololi kemikala o mall nā polokina, a virulence kumumea i loko o koʻohune. Ma keia hihia, ka mea, o ka mea kiʻekiʻe specificity i ka mea koʻohune ribosome kumu no ka hoahanau maluhia o macrolides no ke kanaka kino.

Hoʻohālike o macrolides a me nā papa o nā antibiotics

Macrolides i like i ka waiwai i na tetracyclines, akā, i pakele. Ka mea, e kue ana i ke kūpono 'ana o ka iwi o ke keiki. E like me ka fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides (papa inoa o ka ai 'haawiia mai ma luna) hiki o penetrating i loko o ka halepaahao, a paka pākōlea nā hoʻohui like i loko o ekolu compartments o ke kino. He mea nui i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka mycoplasma pneumonia, legionellosis, campylobacteriosis a me chlamydial maʻiʻaʻai. Ma keia hihia, macrolides - fluoroquinolones lua pele emi pono akā,.

All macrolides i oiʻawahia ma mua o ka penicillins, akā, me ka safest i olelo o ka likelihood o ka ulu allergies. Ma keia hihia, penicillin antibiotics i maluhia poe koa e ae, akā, paha i ka i allergies. Penei, me he like pae o antimicrobial haʻawina, macrolides e puku aminopenicillins i loko o nā mea palahēhē o ka naehana nenoaiu. A, ua hōʻike keʻena hoʻokolohua haʻawina i macrolides emi i ka laulā o ka penicillin i loko o ka ami ke komo, eia nae he hana Hola Pūnaewele ae ko lakou hui pu.

Macrolides ma ka hāpai keiki, a ke keiki a malama

Macrolides e pakele ai 'ma ka par me cephalosporins a me penicillins. Ua apono 'kā lākou hoʻohana i hāpai keiki, a ma ka hana ana o na keiki. Ka mea, e i hoopilikia i ke kaʻina hana o ka? Acaeoey o ka iwi a me ka cartilage iwi, i teratogenic waiwai. Wale azithromycin E e kaupalena 'ia ma ke noi ana ma ke kolu o ka trimester o ka hāpai keiki. Ma pediatric Inc, a penicillins a me cephalosporins, a me macrolides, helu ma maʻamau lapaʻau Hola Pūnaewele no ka maʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana 'me ka pilikia o kaʻawahia meaola make ai.

He ho'ākāka 'ana o kekahi mau macrolides

Macrolides (lapaau papa mākou ua'ōlelo ma luna) me ka lapaʻau hoʻomaʻamaʻa ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia, a me loko o ka Moscow. Ka loa mau hoʻohana 4 o ko lākou mau 'elele: clarithromycin a me ka azithromycin, erythromycin a me ka midecamycin. Loa emi i hoʻohana spiramycin. macrolides ka hoʻokōʻana mea e pili ana i ka ia, nae ka mea, ua loaʻa i loko o kekahi aoao. Ma kekahi, clarithromycin, midecamycin, a me ka hoʻokō i ka lapaʻau ia pono e lawe palua i ka lā, no ka mea hoi azithromycin hana 24 hola. Wale kekahi i kela la hooponopono no ka iapaau ana o infectious ka maʻi.

Erythromycin - keia mea i ka pōkole o nā mea a pau macrolides. It E e ia 4-6 manawa i ka lā. No ka mea, ua loa pinepine hoʻohana like me ka kūloko ano no ka lapaau ana o huehue a me ka ili nā mea palahēhē. Ua mea noteworthy i na macrolides ua pakele no na keiki, akā, hiki i diarrhea.