Mahele waina. Ma ka kumu i māheleʻia i loko o ka waeʻano o ka waina? Mea Maluna o ka waina ma ka mea e like ai nā waeʻano

E like me ka mea, i mai la ma ka kahiko Roma, I vino veritas, a me ia mea hiki ole i ke ana. Aia hoʻi, hoʻowahāwahā i nā hana 'ia he ma enehana a me ka mahi ana i houʻano likeʻole o nā hua waina, i ka waina koe kekahi o ka loa hoʻopono kea. People ke falsify i ka luawai-ike momoku ahi, akā, e hoʻopuni i ke ono, ala a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ole i ke Akua. A like ka nui me 1000 makahiki aku nei, ua hiki ke unleash i ka'ōlelo a ke kanaka o ke mau hua'ōlelo i kekahi mea e like ai i ka waina.

He nui ka poe e e kahaha, a olelo aku, "Ka waina i ka waina", akā, he mea pono e delve i loko o ka hilo, a laila lilo ia i hoike pehea like ke ao ana o ka mea inu.

3 kūʻiʻo o ka ole ma ka moolelo

1. No ka mea manawa mua i ke kūlana o ka haawina kilokilo o ka waina i loaa i loko o Helene pili kūpono loa, i ka wa a na akua o Olympus e kaʻana i kona beauty me ka 'ē aʻe. Kēia inu, a me ka mea, ua nō ia i loko o nā haipule.

2. A nui moʻolelo like i ka hoʻomaka o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana i ka mea ulu ma ka auhau ana ma ka waina, laila, i ka inu unaffordable no ka waena papa.

3. A ma Farani, a mahuahua nui auhau ma waena o Beritania a me Portugal pili aloha. E like me ka noiʻi, ka Beritania makemake i ka ho'āʻoʻana o Aloha awa waina.

A, ano, no ka papa kuhikuhiE nīnau - ma luna o ka pā waina i māheleʻia i loko o nā waeʻano.

General Mea Maluna

Hōʻike i nā papa ma kekahi 'atikala mea hiki ole, no laila, e ka kamailio e pili ana i ka loa kahiko a me ka mahaloia Europa aupuni no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waina huahana - France. I eha-kiʻekiʻe Mea Maluna o ka waina o ka mea e like ai nā waeʻano i hoʻopaʻa 'aneʻi.

Table waina (VDT aʻoukou de Ka papa). Ka mea inu? Iecaianoaaiiuo i ke muli ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o kekahi mau papa a me ka hua waina meakanu. E hoʻolako i ka 9% ka waiʻona pae pono e ae, e hoʻouka hou aku au kōpaʻa malakeke. Ka i 'ae'ʻaina waina mai e hōʻike i ka wahi o ka hana, a me ka makahiki o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻai. Aie i ka nele o ka expressiveness a me ka individuality, aole lakou e i pono i ka noonoo ana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā sommeliers, a me ka maikai Hawaii ole loaʻa iā lākou i loko o ka 'ike no.

ʻoukou de Ka uku (VDP), a kūloko, e pili ana i ka waeʻano o ka mea e like ai ma luna-ʻilikai waina. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua nānā 'ana i hooponopono ana iʻano likeʻole o nā hua, ae inu no e loaa i kekahi ka ikaika, a hālāwai me kekahi mau organoleptic ano. Nā hua waina, a hoʻohana no keia waeʻano, ua ulu i loko o ka kūikawā wahi. Law no ka ka mea inu hana i kēia waeʻano i 150 wahi ma Farani.

Inoa d'Origineʻoukou Delimite de Ka Qualite Superieure (AOVDQS ole VDQS) - kiʻekiʻe-e like aiʻohi hua waina. Lākou? Iecaianoaaiiuo i ka ikaika hooponopono, a ua hana i ka mana hoʻomalu ma kūikawā a papa hana. All kea i pili i ka waeʻano o kuni waina, me ka helu o nā koi:

-? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka ka mea inu i wahi i ka wahi i hīkiʻiʻia i ka kekahi māhele'āina;

- E hoʻohana i wale hooponopono hua waina;

- i ho'ākāka 'ala o ka pēpēʻana a me kā mākou e haawi i ko no aa, ec eioi;

- Pono e hoʻokō ai me na rula a pau o ka vinification, organoleptic koi, a ua hoʻokumu 'ia i ka pā kaua.

Inoa d'origine controlee (AOC) - ka kiʻekiʻe loa Mea Maluna o ka waina ma ka waeʻano, haawi ia i loko o kona kumu, a ua oi stringent koi ma mua o AOVDQS. Here lawe i ka mooolelo o ka makahiki o ke kumu waina i hoʻohana, lepoʻano a me ke kala o ka kūpono ai ka mea inu. Ka papa kūlana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hana keaka "inoa", oa i ka inoa, o ka mea hoʻohiki ma ka authenticity o ka huahana. E hoʻomanaʻo i nā inoa poe pilikia, e like me kā lākou helu ua mau ulu (oi ma mua o 400), akā, me ka loa 'ihiʻihi AOC waina i manaoia e e Farani, i kela mea keia mea o lakou i kekahi kiʻiona hiʻona.

Ke koena o 'Eulopa ka waina maikaʻi kulanakauhale ma Europe, ma muli o ka Palani Mea Maluna, ua hana like. A maopopo mea hoʻopili ua hoike mai ia ma ka papaʻaina.

France	Italy	Spain
ʻoukou de na papa	Vino de Ka Mesa	Vino ka Tavola
ʻoukou de Ka uku	Vinos de I Las Tierras	Indicazione Geografica Tipica
AOVDQS	Hana (Denominacion de Ka Origen)	Denominazione di Aloha Origine Controllata
AOC	Denominacion de I Origen Calificada	Denominazione di Aloha Origine Controllata E Garantita

Mea Maluna o ke kō maʻiʻo

Red pinepine maloo, no laila, i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka keʻokeʻo waina.

1. pauku - maloo (emi o 4 g. / L).

2. Demi-kek. - semidry (4-12 g. / H).

3. Moelleux - semisweet (12-45 g. / H).

4. Doux -ʻala (oi ma mua o 45 g. / K).

No ka sparkling: estra-brut (emi o 4 g. / K), brut (mai ka 15 g. / K), keu-kek. (12-20 g. / K), kek. (I hou aku 35 g. / K), demi-kek. (32 -55 g. / k), doux (oi ma mua o 55 g. / k).

Ka maʻiʻo o CO ₂

ʻoukou effervescent - waeʻano o sparkling kanakaʻona mau nā mea inu, kahi o ka haumāna palaho nā'ūhū e wahi i loko o ka mole.

ʻoukou mousseux gazeifie - Mea Maluna o sparkling waina, kahi CO ₂ saturation ia lŘlŘ ma carbonation.

ʻoukou petillant - sparkling waina, okoa mai nā haʻahaʻa-puʻe CO ₂ i loko o ka mole.

ʻoukou perlant - momi me ka haahaa nui o ka CO _2.

ʻoukou tranquille - mālie waina inu me ka aneane piha e kaawale aku ai CO _2.

Mea Maluna Hihia '

Ka loa paʻakikīʻano o ke kaawale ana o keia inu, e like me kēlā me kēia? Iecaianoaaiiie i ka maalea a me ka e pono ai. I loko nō o kēia, ua hiki ke kuhikuhi i ke kēia waeʻano i ka poe akamai:

- Ka'ōpio waina i mea ole ma ka pono o ka waiū.

- elemakule ma ka barela a me na hue ili mai ai i hoʻokahi makahiki.

- elemakule ma luna o kona mau mākū. Ka mea, nāʻano likeʻole kekahi o keʻokeʻo waina, i kēia 'enehana hana i loko o ka Loire Valley.

- liqueur waina hua mai ma ka mutation, i ua hou ana i ka wort nedobrodivshee ka waiʻona paha brandy.

- moʻa ka waina, me ka maikai, hua mai la i ka Palani Provence. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua nānā 'ana i hooloihi ae i hahana maoli nō kēia a me ke omoāea o ka wort. Hoolapalapaia i ka waina i kekahi mau 'ono, a he kiʻekiʻe pae o ke kōpaʻa.

Mea Maluna ma ka malu o ka waina, ka mea inu

Ua UaʻAʻole mau kaʻana ma ke ano o ka waina, ka mea, i kekahi manawa, hoʻolaha e like me kā lākou Nine Inch haku mele 'ana. No kekahi laʻana, i oe i ike ia he mea he Kamapane hua maiʻeleʻele waina, akā, i ke keʻokeʻo ano?

I ka waina he tannins (tannins) kuleana no ka astringency a me pigments, ma o na la waihoʻoluʻu.

Ku ae la waina , aole e pono ka noonoo ana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, eia nae lākou huahelu o'ōniʻoniʻo ka loa like: mai iki iaʻi lakou i ka saturation.

Aia Ua hoi he uliuli waina hua mai ma Portugal, eleele (Cahors), a me ka melemele.

Ano, he manawa pōkole nana i ka waina hana waeʻano.

He aha ke ano o ia ano hana

Sepania mea like kiʻekiʻe-kbpsʻohi hua waina (AOVDQS). Ke kuleana e paka nā huahana no keia waeʻano ua loaa hou aku 164 Paniolo waina growers.

Ka nui loa kahi o nā pā waina no ke? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waina i ka waeʻano i La Mancha - 188.181 aa. Lākou? Iecaianoaaiiuo i ka haʻi woody a me ka velvetyʻaiʻana.

A wahi no keʻokeʻo waina

Ka waeʻano o keʻokeʻo waina i ana subdivided i 6 papa:

1. maloo ka waina mālamalama "kino." E like me ka sommelier mai la ia i kekahi "kila" Kora naʻEsau. Ua hoemiia ka nui o ke kōpaʻa, akā, i ka lehulehu kiʻekiʻe o kaʻakika, ka waiʻona pakeneka 'aʻole i oi aku mamua o 12% a me ka iki perceptible aroma. Akā, inā pilikia ka haumāna hoʻomalu hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i keia ano o ka keʻokeʻo waina hiki i kekahi manawa i ka aroma a me kaʻaiʻana - a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hua wainaʻano. No ka laʻana, "Sauvignon Blanc" he lāʻau lapaʻau nuances, a "Riesling" - hua.

2. ka manawa o ka waiū o keʻokeʻo waina awelike "kino" - i ka palena iki o 3 makahiki. Ua ua hua mai Chardonnay, Shenen Blan a me kūlana. waiʻona kiʻekiʻe o ka 10 a hiki i 13%, akā, no ka ho'āʻoʻana a me ka aroma hai Floral a me fruity memo.

3. Ka piha "kino" waeʻano o ka waina, e like me ka rula, mālama i loko o barela no kekahi mau makahiki. Ka mea, i ka fruityʻono, haʻahaʻaʻakika, a me ka nui nui o tannins. Kanakaʻona mau mai ka 12 a hiki i 14%.

4.ʻIliahi, keʻokeʻo waina nā mea inu OAOOUIEeE haʻi mea lahaʻole hua aroma. Ka mea, ua haahaaʻakika me ka waiʻona pae o 12-14%.

5. kalaka nui-ʻala waina i maiʻano likeʻole o Moscatel hua waina, Tokay-Pinot Gris a me Shenen Blan. Waiʻona 14% a me ka hanai aku i loko o ka ka mea inu anuanu i 10 ⁰ C palapala.

6. I ka mea keʻokeʻo waina ka mea inu i loaʻa mai i ka 18% o ka waiʻona ua nui hānai i ka Dessert. Ikeia laʻelaʻe 'ia o kanakaʻona mau ka mea inu "Sauternes" a me ka "Barsac" (France).

A mau olelo e pili ana i ka sparkling inu

Kapaia sparkling waina, iloko ona i kakauia i carbon dioxide, hana ma ka 'enehana kuikawa kekahi. Lākou? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua maheleia i 4 epekema:

1. Carbonation. I ka hua ano haʻahaʻa a i kea noiʻimi hoʻopunipuni hoike o CO _2.

2. Ka papa hana ma i ka hopena o ka iniiaiie fermentation, ka waiʻona mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ka barela, a me ka hue, i kapaʻia kua'āina (methode rurale).

3. Inā ka haumāna decomposition o ke aloha 'ona i wahi ma ka akratoforah (kūikawā metala pahu), i ka hewa ia lŘlŘ ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie ano o Sharma.

4. Na panina iaoia - ke kaʻina ua hai fermentation ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka mole.

Ua mea no hoi ke kumukuai i olelo ia ana, he mau kūikawā waeʻano o sparkling waina a me ka sparkling momi. Mua no ka palena iki dala o ke kalapona'okikene lua, oiai ka hope i ka hōʻemi iki puʻe i loko o ka hue a me ka haahaa Moana (7%).

A mau kiaha i mālama ai i ka waina

Mea e like ai i ka waina, maikai ka ai a me ka oluolu anaina - mea he kumu hoʻomalu o ka mehana Memories o ke awakea. Ke koho ana o ka hoa - he kula mea, a me ka ike i kona mau kīʻaha hui me ka waina, i ka mea a pau.

Mākou pono hoʻomaka me kapu,ʻo ia keʻai, i ua ole? Aeiiaiaoaony e pili i kanakaʻona mau nā mea inu, no laila, i ole e dampen kona ono. Loa hiki ole pili i nā meaʻai i ka waina a me ka meaʻai māmā, i miko ia i ka vinega.

Mawaena o na kapu pāpā nā kukui. Ka mea, he mea e ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hua ono nā'ōpuʻu ole, e pane i nā nā mea hoʻohui a me ka waina inu.

Hope papa pili i ka uwahi. Ka paka e mokuhia e mai i ka aroma a me kaʻaiʻana o ka nicotine i ole e ae e piha ka mahina i ka waina.

I loko nōʻano likeʻole lehulehu no kaʻai ka mea, he rula: ka nui luna 'kaʻono ma luna o ka papa, i ka hiki pono e inu i ka waina i loko o ke aniani, a me ka hope versa.

Red hele i spicy meaʻono, hua, nulu'Īkalia, Pizza, ka iʻa, a heʻano o nā paʻi waiūpaʻa he.

White ono harmonises ike pono me ka MeaʻAi O Ke Kai, veal, nā manuʻaiʻia a me nā hua.

Hehee ai a pink waina i manaoia e e ai meaʻai māmā, a me nā MeaʻAi O Ke Kai little man.

Kalaka nui-ono a me ka meaʻano likeʻole pili ana i ke hau kalima, i ka hua a me ka kokoleka.

Sparkling nā mea inu,ʻo ia Kamapane - i ka pono e inu no ka puka gala awakea.

ka hopena

Inā ma mua o ka "Akua inu" no oe mahele ia i keʻokeʻo, ulaula, maloo a me ka paʻa, a laila ka mea, ua manaolana ia, mākaukau a me ka 'ike, mai kēia' atikala, e ua aoia hoi, ka mea i ka waeʻano o ka waina, a me oe hiki ole wale heluhelu mai o ka i 'ae' inoa, akā, hoʻomaopopo i ka likeʻole ma a me ka ano o ka hana.