Mea Maluna o carbohydrates, waiwai a me ka mau 'ike e pili ana ia lakou.

Carbohydrates - ke aloha i huiʻia i loko o ka haku mele 'ana i pinepine mai nā' ekolu Nine Inch oihana mua: Carbon, me hydrogen a me ka oxygen. A hailonaʻana o nā carbohydrates ma ka hou ana i mau kumu mua pihaʻi me Phosphorus, ka luaipele, a me ka naikokene. Mau biopolymers i hoʻomano māhele ma ka ano. Biosynthesis o carbohydrates i mea kanu ua hana me ka hopena o ke kāʻamaʻai. Carbohydrates e mai ma kahi o 80-90% o ke kaupaonaʻana maloo o ka mea kanu.

Ma kānaka, i ka lehulehu o ka carbohydrate ma muli o ka mea maloo o ma kahi o 2% pakeneka. Carbohydrates mea he nui kahi o Nine Inch ikehu i ka kino. Splitting o carbohydrates mea a pau nui i ka functioning o kekahi nā loko. No ka laʻana, kekahi keʻena ma lalo nei e halawai pu me ko lakou mau pono aiʻano nui manawa a hiki i ka splitting o ka monakō koko: o ka lolo - ma ka 80%, i ka naau - i 70 - 75%. Carbohydrates i waihoia ma na nā'aʻaʻa o ka meaola i ka hope nutrient (glycogen). Kekahi o ia hana kākoʻo oihana (hyaluronicʻakika), e komo i loko o ka aiiay mana, hookaulua aku i ka ulu ana o microbes (mucus) o ka Nine Inch kumu no ka hana o ka biopolymer nā lātoma, eiiiiiaiou o ka ikehu i huiʻia, etc.

Mea Maluna o carbohydrates.

All carbohydrates e māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu: monosaccharides (na mea carbohydrates , a monosaccharides), polysaccharides (luna 'carbohydrates a polyose), a iloko o kekahi mau residues monosaccharide nā lātoma ua hoʻopili pū.

Mea Maluna o carbohydrates: monosaccharides.

Nā monosaccharides i loaʻa ka aldehyde pae i kapaia aldoses, a me ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka ketone pae, - ketosis. Ma o ka poe noonoo ole carbohydrates i aldehyde a me ka keto waiʻona mai ke kino me ka kalapona helu ole e emi malalo o ekolu. E like me ka helu o ke kalapona nā'ātoma Monosaccharides e māheleʻia i loko o trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, etc.

Triose. I loaʻa ma loko o nā'aʻaʻa a me ke kino fluids ma keʻano o nā mea kemika o orthophosphoricʻakika me ka waena huahana o ka carbohydrate pūnao i glycolysis reactions a me fermentation. Tetroses. Loa importantly, ka erythrose, i kakauiaʻi maluna ma fabrics i loko o ka palapala o ka orthophosphoricʻakika ester - huahana pentose alahele carbohydrate'okesaside. Pentose. Ka hapa nui o ka pentose ua hanaʻia i loko o ke kanaka digestive'āpana like me ka hopena o hydrolysis o na pentosans o nā hua, a me kaʻai iā. Part pentoses i hanaʻia ma intermediary pūnao, i pau i loko o ka pentose alahele. Ma nā'aʻaʻa pentoses i loko o noa moku'āina i loko o ka palapala ortofosfatnoiʻakika nā mea kemika me loko o ka ikehu-waiwai i huiʻia (ATP), nukelea nāʻakika, coenzymes (NADH, FAD) a me kekahi mau biosoedineny. Pakahi aku la ia noteworthy nō ka pentose arabinose, ribose, deoxyribose, xylulose. Hexoses. Ka mea ana i loko o ka noa moku'āina i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o polysaccharides a me nā hui. Ka loa nui 'elele o keia ano o ka carbohydrates i monakō koko, fructose, galactose, Muñoz.

Mea Maluna o carbohydrates: disaccharides.

Disaccharides - mau carbohydrates, na nā lātoma o a ma hydrolysis Wāwahi i loko o nā nā lātoma o hexoses. No ka disaccharides nā maltose, sucrose, trehalose, lactose.

Ka wā hea disaccharides mau hoʻohana inoa Hawaiʻi nei e hana (lactose, maltose, sucrose), ma ka liʻiliʻi loa - a me ka naauao IUPAC nomenclature.

Disaccharides - paa mea pōaka waiwai, pono wailana i loko o ka wai, opticallyʻeleu, mea ala ono, hiki hoi i kaʻakika a enzymatic hydrolysis, e hana nā mea kemika.

Mea Maluna o carbohydrates: gomopolisaharidy a me heteropolysaccharides. Ka haku mele 'ana ka loaʻa o ka lula dala gomopolisaharidov kekahi monosaccharide residues: monakō koko, Muñoz, fructose, xylose, etc. Ka mea, e hoʻokoe (redundant) māhuaola no ke kino (glycogen, inulin, pia). Nā lātoma heteropolysaccharides komo o ka helu nui o kekahi monosaccharides.