Erlih Paul: na makana i ka 'epekema

Erlih Paul - ka honua-kaulana German nä känaka 'epekema a me ka kahuna lapaau, lanakila' o ia i ka 1908 Nobel lua no kāna hana i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke immunology. Concurrently ua he chemist a me ka bacteriologist. He lilo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka chemotherapy.

Paul Ehrlich: Kawaihae

Ke keiki i hanau March 14, 1854 ma Stshelene i loko o ka ohana, oia o eono kanaka: nā mākua a me eha keiki. Eia hou, oia ua i ka muli keiki a wale nō ke keiki. Makua Paul ua he nui loa ia, e like me ka mea lawe i ka distillery, a ua i nâ hale hookipa. i lawe mai i nā keiki a pau i loko o ka ikaika o kaʻaeʻana me na olelo o ka Iudaio kuʻuna. I kekahi kakahiaka nui kona mau makahiki i ke keiki i hoihoi i loko o maoli mōʻaukala, a me ka mea i ka haahaa hoʻomaka o kona piʻi like nui.

Ke kaulana Karl Veygert (i ka hoahānau o kona makuwahine) hiki he hoʻonui i ke kūpono 'ana o ka' inikua, a akeakamai hoihoi i loko o ka opiopio Paul. Ke keiki i loko o Breslau kula, ma hope o ka mea ana i hoomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka 'inikua kula. Hoʻonaʻauao, Erlih Paul loaʻa he 'oihana i loko o ka Pelelina haukapila.

Ka hoʻomaka o ke ala i ka 'epekema

Kona mua haʻawina mālama 'ia ma luna o nä känaka' epekema opiopio koko keena, i hookohu aku i ia mau mea me kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu a me nā 'ana i kūpono. E like me ka hopena o kona mau ho okolohua, oia loaʻa likeʻole ano o leukocytes, iwi lolo hōʻike manaʻo nui no ke kahua o ke koko a me ka kia keena hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka connective'aʻaʻa.

Manawa i hookohu aku i Paul Ehrlich, he Hawaii photo a oe ke ike i keia 'atikala, ua hiki ke kūkulu i ka kūikawā ano o ka loaʻaʻana o ka tuberculosis koʻohune, a nui i alakaʻi ai i ke kaʻina o diagnosing i ka maʻi i loko o nā mea maʻi.

ʻepekema naʻauao

I hookohu aku i keena, ke keiki nä känaka 'epekema i ike i ka loa nui' inikua Ua Hopu, a alakaʻi ai i kona wā e hiki mai no hoi ia. Robert Koch a Louis Pasteur - nā kānakaʻepekema, ma muli o ka hana o ka a Erlih Paul, a waiho imua o kona pähola 'ana o ka paio a me na microbes. I nō inexperienced haumāna, he kanaka opiopio heluhelu i ka puke e pili ana i ke alakaʻi i kaʻapu kōheoheo, i hiki ole haʻalele ke keiki i ka manao ma ka maha. Ma keia ao, ka mea,'ī akula ia, noho i loko o ke kino, kēpau accumulates i loko o kekahi mau nā loko. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea loa oluolu e hooiaio ma Nine Inch mea.

Ke'ī mai, ka mea opiopio nä känaka 'epekema hiki i ka hopena i ia mea e pono ai i ka huli' ana no ia waiwai, a e e pili ana i ka palapala koʻohune, a nakinaki ia ia. Kēia kōkua komo i ke kanaka kino palapala waiwai, e hooki aku. Hard i ka manaoio, aka, no ka hopena o ke nä känaka 'epekema i alakai i ka poe noonoo ole HW oia hoʻohana hoʻokahi wale nō mai o ka lanakila. Heʻike ihola ia ina ka HW mea hiki ke hoopili aku i ka'aʻaʻa, a pela e pena ia, no laila,ʻo ia nō e hiki i ka paʻa, a me nā palapala koʻohune, a pepehi aku ia lakou.

Ka pähola 'ana o "ka magic pōkā"

I ka 1878, Erlih Paul lilo i ka luna kauka o ka haukapila ma Pelelina. Au ua hiki i ka hoʻomōhala i ko lakou mau ano o histological haʻawina. Mua ia i make koʻohune ma ke aniani, a laila, hele aku la i na nā'aʻaʻa o ka holoholona make ma infectious maʻi. A iaia, alaila hoʻolauna uliuli kalameaʻai i loko o ke koko o ka 'Olu ola. Ma ka papa o ka ho okolohua ke nä känaka 'epekema mea haohao unbelievable hopena.

Blue'ōniʻoniʻo, ua pono i ka lolo a me nā aʻalolo. A pau'ē aʻe nā'aʻaʻa i ole kona waihoʻoluʻu loli. Ehrlich hele mai i ka hopena ia ina he mea kekahi HW i hiki hookohu i kekahi mau 'ano o ka'aʻaʻa, alaila, he mea he waiwai i ke pepehi i kekahiʻano o nā palapala microorganisms. Mahalo i kēia mau loina originated ka pähola 'ana o "ka magic pōkā", ke ano o noho i loko o ka iho mailoko o meaola kekahi waiwai hiki no loa koke pepehi a pau i ka palapala ana i hanaʻi.

"Pule Hoola" maʻi

Erlih Paul, o ka makana i ka microbiology i mea invaluable i ka 1906, lilo ka luna hoʻokele o ka Institute o Hoʻokolohua serotherapy. Ma ia manawa oia ua hoihoi ia ma "Pule Hoola" He maʻi ia i make ma ia manawa he nui ka helu oʻApelika. ʻepekema, ua invented i ka hana mana hoolaia "Atoxil" e luku i nā trypanosomes, akā, i ke kanaka ka liu o kona mau maka. Erlih Paul loaʻa i ka mea paahana maupaʻa arsenic i mea keia awaawa make.

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ia i ka hale i makemake pepehi a pau o trypanosomes, akā, i ole ia ma ona kanaka. Haneri 'ona i ua ho'āʻo, akā, i kēia mau microorganisms paka e hoʻonele, no laila, ai' mai i pono. Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nui poho, Paul ua hiki ke hana i kekahi laau no ka "Pule Hoola" maʻi.

venereal maʻi

ka mea, e pili ana i na maʻi a pau no ka lōʻihi manawa. Ma ke au o ka bacteriology, hoomaka ae la na mea he nui kānakaʻepekema i ka huli 'ana no ka pathogens o nā maʻi likeʻole, a ma ka manawa, ua hiki ke loaʻa ekolu. First bacillus gonorrhea i loaʻa, a laila, chancroid a me syphilis ma ka hope, i mea ka causative Agena o Treponema pallidum.

Hoolaia no Syphilis

Ma ka hopena oʻumikumamāiwa a me i kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia, intravenous injections i wale e hoomaka ana i ka nuʻu. Ma ka haukapilaʻo, ka mea, ua kokoke mai ia. Akā, i nā mea a pau ma hope o Erlih Paul i kaumaha aku ai i ka lāʻau i hiki ke hoola ia syphilis hoʻololi. Ho'āʻo 'o ia e ho okumu i ka mea i hoonoho ai, i ka hopena ua nani loa. Ma ke ala, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kona' epekema ho okolohua Nine Inch nä känaka 'epekema i hana i ka hou nā mea kū i ka laau lapaau.

Akademik i manaoia e hana syphilis na waiwai i hoʻomaka i ka hana i loko o ka'okesaside o arsenicʻeleu hui. Akā, Eia naʻe, ka mea, he mea hiki ole i ka loa hoʻopau kona luku poino i loko o ka papa o ka ai iiiaanoaa o ho'āʻo ma.

Unexpected maʻamau kuapo

Paul Ehrlich, microbiology kona oihana ua, i ka makahiki 1887, lilo i Hope Kumu, a ma ka 1890 - he kulanui Kumu. I ka Ia manawa, ua hana i loko o ka Roberta Koha Institute. I ka 1888, iloko o kekahi o ka keʻena hoʻokolohua ho okolohua e kiʻi iho mailoko me ka tuberculosis. Lawe ana i kana wahine, a me na kaikamahine elua, hele aku la ia i Aigupita no ka lapaau. Akā, kahi no e hoola hoi i kekahi maʻi, haule iho la ka maʻi i mimikō. I ka wā o ka moku'āina o ke ola kino ua holomua, kaʻohana hoʻi a hiki i Pelelina.

Mai 1891, Erlih Paul, nona na hana i Ua ka hoʻomaka wahi no ka hapanui o nä känaka 'epekema, he hailona o ka manawa hoolilo i ke koho ana o Nine Inch e pono ai no ka iapaau ana o ka mai, kena ae la ia e parasites waho. Kona e piʻi like mua ua i ka hoʻomākaukau ma ke kumu o ka methylene uliuli, a ua manao ia no ka lapaau ana i ka eha-lā malaria. Ma hope iho o ia, hoomaka ae la oia e hoʻohana nui no hoi na make. I loko o kēia mau hana, oia ua i ka mea mua nana i kekahi microorganisms noho hoʻohana 'e hoʻolauna me nā huahana. immunological reactions i hoʻonoho ai no ka convalescence.

Ka Nobel uku

Ke nä känaka 'epekema ka mea mua i manaoia i ka kumumanaʻo o ka e hoʻonele - ke kino i ka hana, e hoomalu aku ia ia iho e ku e ia genetically haole kino. He hana i ka kumumanaʻo o kaʻaoʻao kaulahao, a Radio he kūlana loa nui i loko o ka ulu ana o ka 'epekema o immunology. No keia hana, pu me ka German nä känaka 'epekema Mechnikov loaa ka Nobel makana i ka makahiki 1908.

Erlih Paul: na makana i ka 'epekema

I ka 1901, i ka lapaau a me nä känaka 'epekema me ka nui ka hoao ana hoʻomaka e kamaʻilio i ke kahe o ka iapaau ana o ka maʻi' aʻai. He nui ka kūikawā moʻo o ka ho okolohua ma a na holoholona pakuiiaʻeho ua i hiki ke hooiaio i ka mea mua manawa e holoholona i'ōnaehana paleʻea pane ua loaʻa ma hope o ka nalowaleʻana o kaʻeho pakuiia auanei lakou.

Ka mea nui wale Kaka, hoomaka ae laʻepekema loaa ia i ka ike ole i ka 'epekema o ke kia keena, a hula nui i kūlana ma ke kahua o ka e hoʻonele. Nō hoʻi Paul hiki ke hooiaio i kēlā me kēia halepaahao o ke kino ola, i hele mai i loko o'ōnaehana paleʻea naoh i ho'ākāka receptors hiki ke hoomaopopo haole paha. He no ka mea discoveries a me Erlih Paul loaa ka Nobel uku.

Ehrlich ia ia iho i loko o ke kula o ka kemika, e like me ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka naoh o ka nui ma ka laau lapaau. No keia mea, i loaa mai i ka mekala o Liebig.

He ua he lâlâ 'o ia o ka honua i ka kanahiku akeakamai nā kaiapili a me ahahui' imi naʻauao. I kēia inoa ma hope ona: Institute o immunological huahana, like hoʻi me alanui, Ho 'Oponopono, hoʻonaʻauao kulanui,' epekema nā kaiapili a me nā kumu, me ka makana no ka 'epekema discoveries. Kekahi inoa ma hope ona lua pele ma luna o ka Moon.

I ka 1909, ma Rotehama II Ua hookoia i ka Papa Hanohano o St. Anne ka hoʻonaʻauao, a i hookoia ma ka inoa o ke kuhina councilor. Ehrlich haʻalele no ka mea,ʻaʻoleʻo ia ke haʻalele i ka Iudaio manaoio.

He Ua mare i ka wahine nana i hoomakaukau i ka consumer, a me ka waiwai, ao ke ano o kona ola. Paul ua loa 'ölelo nei ma ka' epekema. Mea e ae i ole uku noonoo. Au ke kākau i loko o kekahi wahi, e hoʻomaka ana me ka palaoa a me ka paia, a hoʻopau i nā lima interlocutors.

Nä känaka 'epekema make August 20, 1915 o ka apoplectic kaua i loko o kata Homburg. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka Iudaio ilina. I ka makahiki 1933, i ka Nazis luku i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo, akā, ka mea i hoihoi hou.