Monopolization o ka aha kanaka - He aha ka keia? Manaʻo, ke kumu o palapala, i ka hopena o ka monopolization

Hoikehonua, ke kanaka hiki apuepue ke hopohopo ma ke alo o kekahi mau haneriʻano likeʻole o ka waiū a me ka lemonade, he nui ka helu o ka lama o ke kapa a me ka lako a pan. Ma ke kue, ka mea, ua pinepine pioloke ma ke ola ana o ka hoʻokahi wale nō ka hoʻohua i loko o ka hana. Monopolization o ka makeke - he kulana home 'ole ma ka wale mai ana i kekahi ' ano o ka waiwai a me ka lawelawe i Konakele. Wale kekahi poe a me kanaka. Ma keia hihia, ke consumerʻaʻohe i waeʻia,ʻo ia i haʻakoiʻia e pili ana i ka huapalapala kumukuai. Monopolization o ka makeke - ia mea i ke kaʻina hana ma i ka poe mea hiki ke hoala mai kala a me ka hoʻopau lākou nā kānaka hoʻokūkū. A me kēia poʻe mea i pono nui, ka mea a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka nui o ka hana i loko o a lakou i hana.

manaʻo

Economists kuhikuhi i eha ano o ka maikaʻi makeke hale:

• Pololei Competition. Ma keia kulana, aia no he nui helu o ka ae pani huahana, a me ke komoʻana i loko o ke kuai mea i maopopo loa i kaupalena '. He a pau o ka "ʻike makaʻole lima."
• Monopolistic Competition. Ke hana hana me ka hailona o Manufacturers i paka ae pani huahana. Naʻe, ka poʻe mālama i kekahi mana ma luna o kumu kūʻai. Ua hoʻoholo i ka pae o ka monopolization o ke kuai.
• Oligopoly. Ma keia kulana, loaʻa nō kekahi mau poʻe i paka like huahana. Ka mea hiki ke kūkulu i kekahi, he pono ole ka hoʻolālā, hoonoho iho la kumukūʻai ma o ka hana.
• Monopoly. Kēia market 'ole ? Eaaaony no hoʻokahi wale nō wale mai ana o nā huahana, i loaʻa piha mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka hana.

hiʻona monopoly

ʻike mau ka naʻauao i mea e ka hemolele Competition - ia mea kokoke i ke panacea, heʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai ma waena o ka makemake o ka mea kuai, a me ka consumer. Most aneiai Ke Ana Hoʻohālike lawe i kēia 'ole e like me ke kumu. Akā, no ke aha la, ma keia hihia he mea ka monopolization o na wahi kanaka? O ke kumu ho i ka mea i keia kulana home 'ole ka loa pono i ka Hookah. Mua, he monopoly maximizes waiwai. ʻO ka lua, ka Hookah nā pūʻulu i ke kumu kuai o kona huahana ma ka wehewehena o ka auaiaea. Apana, ma na olelo o ka monopoly, he mea nui o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai e komo i loko o ka hana. Wale i ka Hookah hiki ole e makau i ka kokololio mahuahua ma ka Competition.

shape

I ka loaʻa o ka monopolization o ka makeke, Competition i loko o ka kūpono 'ole o kekahi kumu hiʻona e hooholo kona? Ueo. I huina, he ekolu ano o ka monopoly :

• Natural. Ua lŘlŘ manawa i Pahuhopu kumu. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ke koi no keia huahana ua maikaʻi loa hoomaona mai la oia e kekahi kupaa. Ke kumu paha e mau iecaianoaaiiuo kaʻina a Customer hana. No ka laʻana, ua hana pū i ka mana lako, ka wai lako, hoino aku kekahi kaʻao.
• Hoʻomalu. Keia ano o ka monopoly ua hana ia me ke komo ana o ka moku'āina. Ua mea ma ko lakou mau kino e hāʻawi aku i kekahi poe o ka mikanele kuleana e hana i loko o ka hana. Ka pōʻaiawaiwai Soviet Ua mahalo monopolized. Ka hapa nui o ka hana ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ka Oihana a me nā keʻena kahu.
• Aneiai monopoly - o ka loa, he pono ole palapala. Kona helehelena ua pili me ka Initiative iho o ka hana. A monopoly kulana ma ke kuai ke alakai i nā ka holumua ai kūpono 'ana, a me ka kokololio centralization o ke kulanakauhale alii ma' āpana a me ka naau mai ahahui.

Terms o monopolization o ke kuai

Noʻonoʻo ana ia hale a hiki e hanaia me ka moʻo o nā 'āpana e kekahi poʻe'ē aʻe, a hana maoli ai i loko o kekahi mau hana. Ke hana ia mau mea, a me ka moku'āina. Monopolization o ka makeke - ia mea he kaʻina hana ma i konu - ekolu kumu nui:

• Ka hana i kekahi poʻe mea ho'ēmi ma mua o kekahi mau. Ma keia hihia, ua hiki ke olelo o kekahi maoli monopoly.
• Kekahi poʻe o ke kanaka o ka loa pohihihi keia kumu waiwai a me nā 'ike loea. No ka laʻana, he Xerox poʻe ma ka manawa i piha mana o ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ana i kope. Knowledge o kēia kaʻina i hoomaluia ma ka Sila Nui. Keia mea he waiwai monopoly.
• E hoomanao e moku'āina-kekahi hana i nā mikanele kuleana e kuai aku i kekahi mau waiwai. Ma keia hihia, he ai-kapaia hoʻomalu monopoly. Ma kekahi mau Hawaii, wale keia palapala ua ae ma ke kānāwai.

Sources o monopoly mana

Ma na kumu o ka hemolele Competition, ke kumukuai mea like me ka awelika o ka marginal koina o ka onipaa no ke hoʻohana i loko o keia kaiaulu. Ma ka monopoly ia mea kiʻekiʻe. Nolaila, ua kuai 'ole a me ka mea undesirable i nā mea kūʻai mai. Luna hope monopoly mea o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai e komo i loko o ka hana. Mau ole Competition. I waena o lākou:

• Hoʻokele waiwai o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai.
• Loio i palena.
• Deliberate hana.

Ka mua pūʻulu ka loaʻa o ka helu nui o restrictive ana. Kēia nā nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai o ka mea kaupaona. monopolies nui apono 'ia e me ka nui loa emi na koina, me kaʻike mau huakai wale hiki ole paʻi me ia ma ka uku no na huahana. No laila, i ko lakou hana hiki ole e mana, no ka lilo o ka waiwai ua hanaʻia e ia mea nui oi aku.

Kekahi aneiai constraint - ke koi no ka waiwai kūʻai. Inā 'oe Pono e hoʻomaka ka hana pipiʻi pono, ka mea, e kekahi pale i ka muli o nā kānaka hoʻokūkū. Monopoly hiki i keʻanoʻenehana lanakila a malama i ka mea nana o na waiwai kupono no ke kala o ka waiwai maoli.

Me ka pili ana i ka Ahaolelo nā palena, keia pae nō ka 'imi naʻauao waiwai pono, me Sila Nui. Ka mea, e haawi aku i ka monopoly ka mikanele pono a hiki i ka huina hoonui a me ka hoʻokuʻu 'enehana kona.

Ke kolu o ka pūʻulu kikowaena likeʻole kapu deliberate hana i hoʻokō 'ia e ka monopoly me ka AIM o ka pale i ka ulu ana o Competition i loko o ka hana. No ka laʻana, ka mea hiki ke hoʻopaipai no ko lakou mau pomaikai ma ke aupuni a me ke kōkua o nā inoʻana.

maoli monopoly

ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma market' ole kēia palapala e pinepineʻia kaawale. Kēia mea ma muli o ke debate ma luna o kona waiwai ole wale no ka monopoly, akā, no hoi no nā mea kūʻai mai. Ua lŘlŘ ka wā malaila mea he nui waiwai o nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai o ka mea kaupaona. Natural monopoly mea he kulana home 'ole kahi i hookahi poe hoʻolako i ke kuai me nā huahana ma ka haʻahaʻa lilo ma mua o ka mea, ina ua i kekahi mau hana. A luku mai hoʻohālike - ka wai a me ka uila. Naʻe, i kēia 'aʻole i manaʻo i maoli monopolies i loa e noho malie hoi. No laila, ka mea pono e ka pāʻana i ka moku'āina.

I lahui pāʻoihana

Ka pōʻaiawaiwai global ua increasingly 'ole ma ke kaʻa poepoeʻana a me ka internationalization. Kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana, he kuleana no ka mea hana monopolization o ke kuai nā lawelawe a me nā lawelawe i pili i ka lahui kiʻekiʻe. Aia he mau ke ano o nā hale:

• Transnational monopolies. Mau nā, no kekahi laʻana, nā meaʻai e hopohopo nei "Yuuki" a me ka aila "Koo Oil o New Jersey." Ua kēia poʻe o ka lahui kapikala i ua ua ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o ia mau mea, a kūwaho hoʻi poepoe o kona hope. Ka hapa nui o ko lākou? Iecaianoaaiiuo naʻe ia i loaʻa ma ka hale aupuni.
• International monopolies. I keia ano hiki ke wahi āina noho kahu ' "Agfa-Gefert", a ua hana i ka hana o ka photochemical huahana. Kēiaʻano o ka monopoly mea kūwaho hoʻi nā loko o ka poepoe o kona haʻawina, a ma ka pololei ua hoʻopuka kālā.

wahi lulu realities

Ke monopolization o ka Lūkini kuai i mōʻaukala kumu ae. Ma ka USSR, ka moku'āina ua kokoke loa lāʻau hoʻokele waiwai. Me ka emi i? Iecaianoaaiiie i loko o Rusia i ua kiʻekiʻe o emi koi no nā huahana o na hana - maoli monopolies, koe wale no ka pili 'o Randy. Ua alakai aku i kekahi kokololio ala i loko o kumukūʻai i loko o ia mau mea. Ua haawiia i ka hanaʻikepili i anei i-laila ia hunaahi emi ka waiwai o ke kālā. Kekahi mau economists ike i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole o ka monopolization o ka makeke, e like me ka nui ololi i loko o ka ulia i loko o Rusia.