Nā hana a me ke'ano o ka mea epithhelial. 'O ke'ano o ka epithelial a me ka pilina pili

Lole - he lākou o nā keena, a intercellular waiwai. He mau'ano like'ole o ka hale a hana i nā'oihana like. Aia i loko o ke kino he'ehā'ano o nā mea e like me: epithhelial, nervous, muscular and connective.

Ka 'ole o ka epithelial kanaka nā'aʻaʻa a me nā holoholona, kena ae la, mua o nā mea a pau, kona IIeEeAIEUAA. 'O ka nūpepa Epithhelial ka papa'āina o nā pūnaewele e pili ana i ka pilina o ke kino, nā pēpena mucous o nā'ōpū āpau a me nā cavities. Eia kekahi, he nui nā'ōpū o ke kino e hana'ia e ka epithelium.

Nā 'ano ma'amau

'O ka'ōnaehana o ka'i'o epithhelial he nui nā hi'ohi'ona i'ike'ia i loko o ka epithelium wale nō. 'O ka mea nui,'o ia ka'ona pono'ī e like me kahi papa mau o nā pūnaewele e pili pa'a.

'O ka epithelium e pili ana i nā mea a pau i loko o ke kino, ke'ano o ka hanana, akā i loko o ke ake, pancreas, thyroid, salivary a me nā mea'ē a'e he pu'upu'u o nā pūnaewele. I ka hihia mua, aia ia ma luna o ka membrane ma lalo, kahi e ho'oka'awale ai i ka epithelium mai ka pilina pili. Akā, aia kekahi mau hō'ole, ke nānā'ia ka papa o epithelial a me ka pilina pili i loko o ka pō'aiapili o kā lākou mau pilina. I ke'ano, ma ka pūnaehana lymphatic, e mālama'ia nā pūnaewele o epithelial a me nā mea pili. Kapa'ia kēia'ano epithelium i ke'ano atypical.

'O ka mana ho'ona'auao ki'eki'e he'ano hou o ka epithhelium.

'O nā pūnaewele o kēia'upena he polar,'o ia ke kumu o ka'oko'a ma nā wahi basal a me nā apical o ka pūnaewele pūpū.

'O ka hanana'ana o ka'i'o epithhelial he mea nui ma muli o kona pae palena palena, a'o ia ho'i ka mea epithhelium i mea ko'iko'i nui i nā ka'ina hana hāme'a. Ke komo nei kēia'ano i ka lawe'ana o nā mea'ai mai ka'ōpū i loko o ke koko a me ka lymph, i ka ho'oku'u'ia'ana o ka mimi ma o ka epithelium o nā pu'upa'a, a pēlā aku.'A'ole pono e ho'opoina kekahi i ka hana palekana,'o ia ka pale'ana i nā'upena mai nā hopena'eha.

'O ka ho'ohālikelike o ka waiwai e hana ana i ka membrane basal e hō'ike ana aia he nui ka mucopolysaccharides, a he pūnaewele ho'i no nā fibril maika'i.

Pehea e ho'onoho'ia ai i loko o ka epithelial?

Hiʻona o ka 'ole o epithelial'aʻaʻa o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka ua pili kēia dictated ma ka mea i kona ulu ua lawe mai o nā mea a pau ekolu germ papa. 'O kēia hi'ohi'ona ka mea'oko'a wale nō i kēia'ano o ka lole. Ho'opili ka'epa i ka epithhelium o ka'ili, ka waha, ka hapa nui o ka esophagus, ka'ā'ī o ka maka; 'O Endoderm - ka epithelium o ka'ōpū o ka ma'ihe; A me ka mesoderm - ka epithelium o nā'ano genito-urinary a me nā membrane'anaka.

I ka ho'omaka'ana o ka ho'omohala'ana i ke'ano o ka'ōpiopio i ka ho'omaka'ana. No ka mea he nui ka nui o nā mea epithhelial i loko o ka placenta, he mea komo i ka hana ma waena o ka makuahine a me ke kōpiopio.

Ka mālama i ka pono o nā pūnaewele epithelial

'O ka pilina o nā pūnaewele pili kokoke i ka ho'olālā hiki ke hiki i ka hiki'ana o nā desmosomes. 'O kēia mau'ano kūikawā kūikawā o ka nui submicroscopic,'o ia ho'i'elua mau hapa. 'O kēlā me kēia o lākou, e ulu ana ma kekahi mau wahi, noho i nā'ao'ao kokoke o nā pūnaeena pili. Ma ka māhele like me ka'āpana i waena o nā hapalua o nā desmos, he kumu ia o ke kumu o ka huapi'i.

I nā hihia kahi ākea ka laulā āpau, aia nā desmosomes ma nā wēlau o ke cytoplasmic cytoplasm e kuhikuhi'ia kekahi i kekahi ma nā pūnaewele kelepona. Inā'oe e no'ono'o i kekahi mau hōkeo'elua ma lalo o kahi microscope, hiki iā'oe ke'ike he'ano like lākou me ke alahaka waena.

I loko o ka'ōpiopio li'ili'i, ua mālama'ia ke kūpa'a o ka ho'ona'auao ma o ka pa'i'ana o nā paia cell o nā pūnaewele pili kokoke i nā helu o ke kūkā. 'O nā wahi i kapa'ia he mau papa hope.

Aia kekahi mau hihia inā'a'ole he mau kūkulu kūikawā e hō'oia i ka pololei. A laila,'o ka pilina o nā pūnaewele pili e pili ana i ka hulina o nā pūnaewele pūnaewele a i'ole ka maika'i. Hiki ke ho'opili'ia nā'ao'ao o nā pūnaewele.

'O ke kūlana o ka cell epithelial

'O nā hi'ohi'ona o nā pūnaewele o ka'i'o epithhelial e komo i ka'ike ma ka mahele o ka membrane plasma.

I loko o nā pūnaewele i komo i ka ho'oku'u'ana i nā hua me ka huapalapala, hiki ke ho'opa'a'ia i ka membrane plasma o ka māhele basal o ke kino pūpū.

'O nā epitheliocytes nā pūnaeka i kapa'ia i loko o ka'epekema e lilo i nā mea epithelial. 'O nā'ano o ka ho'olālā,'o nā'oihana epithelial pūnaewele i loko o ka laulā pili. No laila, ma ke'ano, ua māhele'ia lākou i palaha, kupika a me colonin. Ho'okumu'ia ka nucleus e ka euchromatin, no laila he'ano māmā kona. He nui ka nucleus, ua like kona'ano me ke'ano o ka pūnaewele.

Ho'oholo ka polarity i ka wahi o ka pūpū ma ka'ao'ao basal, ma luna o ia ka mitochondria, ka Golgi a me nā centrioles. I loko o nā pūnaewele e hana ana i ka secretory function, ua ho'okumu maika'i'ia ka endoplasmic reticulum a me ka complex Golgi. 'O ka Epithelium, ka mea i'ike'ia i kahi hana ho'oki'eki'e ki'eki'e, aia i loko o kona mau pūnaewele kahi pūnaewele kūikawā - nā kahepili'i, nā mea e hana i kahi pale, i ho'olālā'ia e pale i nā pūnaewele mai ka ho'ololi'ana.

'O Microvilli

'O kekahi mau pūnaewele, a i'ole kā lākou cytoplasm, ma luna o ka honua e hiki ke ho'onui i ka mea li'ili'i loa, i kuhikuhi'ia i ka waho, nā puka'oi - microvilli. 'O ka hapa nui loa o kā lākou mau huhui e loa'a ana ma ka'āpana apical o ka epithelium i loko o ka'ōpū li'ili'i a ma nā mahele nui o nā kuhumu'āhewa o nā pu'upa'a. Ma muli o ke'ano like'ole o ka microvilli i nā cuticles o ka epithelium intestinal a me ka palena āpau o nā pu'upa'a, ua hana'ia nā pā i hiki ke nānā'ia ma lalo o kahi microscope opua. Eia kekahi,'o microvilli i loko o kēia mau wahi kekahi mau enzymes.

Hō'ulu'ulu

'O nā peculiarities o ka hanana o nā epithelial tissues o ka localization ākea e'ae iā mākou e ho'oili iā lākou e like me nā kumuhana.

Ma muli o ke'ano o nā pūnaewele, hiki i ka epithelium ke hana i ka li'ili'i, kūkahe a me ka palahalaha, a ma muli o ke kele o nā pūnaewele - ho'okahi-layered a multilayered.

Eia kekahi, ua hūnā'ia ka epithelium glandular e huna ai i ka hana secretory.

'O ka epithelium ho'okahi-layered

'O ka inoa o ka epithelium ho'okahi-laye ke kama'ilio nei nona iho: ma loko o laila nā pūnaewele a pau ma luna o ka membrane ma lalo i ho'okahi papa. Inā i ke kinona o nā keena o ka ia ( 'o ia hoʻi, E. lakou mau isomorphic) a me ka aeea nuclei mea ma ka ia pae, e olelo aku e pili ana i hookahi lalani epithelia. A inā i loko o ka epithelium ho'okahi-wela ke'ike'ia ka ho'ololi'ana o nā pūnaewele o nā'ano like'ole, aia ko lākou nuclei ma nā'oko'a like'ole, a laila he nui kēia'ano epithelium e'āpana ai'ole anisomorphic.

'O ka epithelium maha

I ka epithelium multilayer, nā papahana ha'aha'a i ka membrane basal, a'o nā'ao'ao'ē a'e ma luna o ia. 'O nā pūnaewele o nā'ano like'ole he'ano like'ole. Ka 'ole o ka epithelial'aʻaʻa o kēia' ano e leie aku e koho i kekahi mauʻano o multilayered epithelium ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kinona a me ke ano o ka pā, ahu iho o aeee: he multilayer i lalo multilayered keratinizing (loaʻa keratinized unahi ma luna o ka luna), nunui neorogovevayuschy.

Aia nō i ka ai-kapaia malumalu epithelium naʻau i nā nā loko o ka excretory nenoaiu. Ma muli o ke kikoo'ana o ka'ōpiopio a ulu paha,'ano'ē ke'ano o ka lole. No laila, i ka wā e ho'olō'ihi'ia ai ke kikowaena, aia ka epithelium i loko o kahi'ano kikokikona a ho'okumu i'elua mau pūnaewele - basal a me ka lōkahi. A i ka manawa e ho'opili'ia ana ke kikowaena (puka pōkole), e māmā mau ka epithhelial, e lilo nā pūnaewele o ka papa basal i polymorphic a he mau'ano like'ole ko lākou nuclei. Hiki i nā pūnaewele hui like'ole ke ki'i i kahi'ano pear-shape a'oi a'e i kahi manawa.

Ka ho'ohui mele o ka epithelia

'O ke'ano o ka'i'o epithhelial o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, he kumu ia o ka noi'i'epekema a me ka noi'i olakino. I kēia mau kumu,'o ka pinepine'ana o ka ho'ohui'ia'ana o nā mele i haku'ia e Academician NG Khlopin. Wahi a'o ia,'elima'ano'ano epithelium e'ike'ia. 'O ka ho'ohālike,'o ia ka mea i ho'opili'ia i loko o ka embryogenesis.

1.'O ka epidermal type, ka mea i ho'omaka'ia e ka ectoderm a me ke kī'aha mua.

2. ke'ano o ka'eke'ele-dermal,'o ka ulu'ana o ia mea i loa'a i ka endoderm intestinal.

3. ke'ano o ka holo'oko'a holo'oko'a holo'oko'a, i ho'olālā'ia mai kahi pa'a o ka coelomic a me nephrotoma.

4. ka'ano Angiodermal,'o ka ulu'ana o ia mea i ho'omaka'ia mai kahi pūnaewele o ka mesenchyme, kahi i kapa'ia ai ka endothelium vascular, i kapa'ia'o angioblast.

5. Ke'ano o ka ependymaglial, ka ho'omaka'ana o ia mea i hā'awi i ka'ōpū neural.

Nā mea e pili ana i ka ho'ohui'ana o nā kinelia epithelial e hana ana i nā hue

Hā'awi ka epithelium āpau i ka hana secretory. 'O kēia'ano o ke'ano o ka'i'o kahi i hō'ili'ili'ia o nā pūnaewele glandular, i kapa'ia granulocytes. 'O kā lākou hana'ana,'o ia ke ho'okō'ana i ka inoa, a me ka ho'oka'awale'ana i nā mea kiko'ī - nā mea huna.

Ma o ka ho'onalowale'ana i hiki ai i ke kino ke hana i nā hana nui. Mālama'o Glands i nā mea hihihi ma ka ili o ka'ili a me nā membpa mucous, ma loko o nā poho o nā'ano o loko, a me loko o ke koko a me ka lymph. I ka hihia mua, ke kama'ilio nei mākou e pili ana i exocrine, a ma ka lua - e pili ana i ka'ikelemo endocrine.

Hiki i ka hana'ana i ka waiū (i loko o ke kino wahine), ka wai'ona a me ka waihemole, ka pala, bile, kahe a me kabum. 'O nā mea hilahila o nā endocrine ka hormones e hana ana i ka ho'oponopono palekana i loko o ke kino.

Hiki ke'oko'a ke'ano o ka'ano epithhelial o kēia'ano ma ka'ike'ana i ka hiki i nā granulocytes ke lawe i nā'ano like'ole. Ho'opili'ia ia i ka manawa o ka ho'onaninana.

'O nā'ano āpau'elua (endocrine a me exocrine) hiki ke komo i kahi pūnaewele (unicellular) ai'ole o kahi pūnaewele (multicellular).