Nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o St. Petersburg - hoi, owai ka mea,?

World-kaulana moʻomeheu kapikala o Rusia - Saint Petersburg - hoopio ole wale i nā noho, akā, i na tausani o ka malihini i makemake e hele aku e ike i ke kulanakauhale o ka uapo, a me ka White Nights. He aha ka ai uʻi St. Petersburg, a ka poe i hana ia i ke alanui, ua ike ia manawa?

Omaka o ke kūkulu o St. Petersburg

Mea i hoʻokumu i ana o ke kulanakauhale i kekahi reformer nui, a Tsar Peter I. pīhoihoi lākou eʻike i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka hooulu ana o ka komohana aina ana i kipa, aku la o Petero la koʻu manao e kūkulu i kekahi kūlanakauhale i loko o Rusia, mea i emi iki mahope o ia i ka nani a me ka hiehie oʻEulopa mau poo. Pela i hoomaka ai ka hana o St. Petersburg.

i ke alii i ka fanatical kākoʻo iā ia, no ka mea holoʻokoʻa komohana, akā,ʻo ua hiki ia extract i ka mea nui o ka mea e ike ai, a ke hakuloli ia i Lūkini ana. Nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o St. Petersburg, i ka mea hoʻolimalima, mai kahi'ē, ua Ua pono-ike haku o keia oihana i loko o nā'āinaʻEulopa.

Iwaena o lakou, Jean-Baptiste Leblond mai Palani a me Domenico Trezzini , mai Italia. Kā lākou hana iʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka manao o na hale e like me ka ho'āʻo iho au a me ka pono o ka noho ana o ke kūlanakauhale, akā, i loko o ke aʻoʻiaʻana o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone aupuni a pau i kēia pilikia nō. E paipai haole o Petero au ia ia i ka nui oi aku ka uku mamua o ka Lūkini haku.

Nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o St. Petersburg

Kekahi o na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone mua i loko o St. Petersburg i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1703 a hiki i 1716 ua Domenico Trezzini - 'elele o ke kakahiaka nui Baroque. I waena o kona mau papahana - i ka hana o Kronshlot (mea kaua pāpū no ka palekana i ka ka Swedes); ka mea mua nui kumumanao o ke kulanakauhale; ulu kumumanao o Vasilyevsky Island; manao no ka hana ana i ka Hale Pule Nui o Petero a me Paulo hūlili, ka Summer Palace, i ka hale o ka umikumamalua kulanui. Ke kaila o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hoʻololi ma lalo o ka aoao o ka puni aku o ka lanakila. Ka mua papahana (i loko o 'ana, ka bele halekiai o ka Hale Pule Nui o SS Petero a me Paulo) e kû ana i ka hoʻohalahala Scandinavian kaila ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Eia naʻe, ma lalo o ka aoao o ka moolelo a me ka kaila o Lūkini haku o kuhikuhipuʻuone pepa Trezzini i kekahi softer shape.

Malalo iho a hiki i ka mea ia ia, a me ka 'ē aʻe nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o St. Petersburg: ua Lūkini uhane a me ke ano o ke ola ana o na kanaka a pau o ka Russian aupuni a pau, e hana i nui ka hoʻoponopono' ana ma o ka makakū kaʻina a me ka aesthetic ike o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone.

No emi nui na makana i hoʻokiwikā kūpono 'ana i ia e Johann Georg Mattarnovi, German kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, hiki ma St. Petersburg i ka 1714. He alakaʻi ka hana ana o kekahi mau hale - i ka lua o ka Winter Palace, i ka hale o ka Kunstkamera, St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui. Akā, ma hope o kona manawa e make i ka 1719, ua hoomaka ia ke hoʻokō 'ia ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Nikolaus Gerbel.

Kekahi poʻokela kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, ka mea i hana ia ma ka'ākau kapikala - Farani Jean-Baptiste Leblond. He ua i ka mea kākau o ka mua mau kumumanao o ke kulanakauhale. Eia hou, ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ua hanaia heʻia o ka Summer Garden, like hoʻi me nā wahi ulu lāʻau a me nā mahinaʻai ma Strelna a Peterhof (i nui, kukulu iho la oia i ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, Monplaisir, aliʻi keena a me nā halelewa Marley).

Kekahi o nā papahana mua ua he monumental Menshikov Palace, kona kūkuluʻia hoomaka ma 1710 ma ka hooulu ana o Giovanni Maria Fontana, a ua pau i ka 1720 ano Johann Schedel. Ka hale i kūkulu manaʻoi no ka Ka Hānai Ā Huhu o ke alii - Prince Alexander Menshikov.

ʻO nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone nāna i kūkulu iā St. Petersburg, hana no ka hanauna. No laila, i ka 1716 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale a me kona ohana, a me kōkua hiki aku Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, manao he ekolu-makahiki aelike me ke alii. Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Ua hana i loko o ka hoʻokumu o ka pau pūʻulu o ke kanaaho no ka Luna Nui Cascade ma Peterhof; Au i hana i equestrian kia i Peter I (waiho i loko o ke alo o ka Mikhailovsky Palace), e like me kekahi mau kiʻi o ke alii, a me kona "mahuahua huahelu".

Ke? Lii kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o St. Petersburg

Keiki a me Baretolomaio, Sr. - Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli - i hele mai i kekahi kulanakauhale a me kona makua kāne ma ka makahiki o ka 15 makahiki. Education, a noho'ōleloʻole i loko o ka poʻokela nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone me Domenico Trezzini, N. Michetti, M. Zemtsov a me A. Shlyutter. Rastrelli Jr. hana i loko o St. Petersburg, ma kahi o kanalima makahiki, e pili ana ma luna o kēia wā honua-kaulana hale: The Ana Palace ma Tsarskoye Selo, helu Stroganov ka hale a me Vorontsov, Grand Peterhof Palace. Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka Winter Palace ma St. Petersburg - no laila, i kapaʻia Bartolomeo Rastrelli, hookomo i loko o kēia luna 'kona mau mākau a pau. ? Ieoaeunoai ana mai ka 1754 a hiki i 1762. Ma luna o kona paʻa, i ka hale ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE noho o ka imperial hooilo. Ka hale i loko o ka Baroque kaila. He ka hope monumental hale, embodies ke kaila o nā Artists e hana ana ma keia ao.

A no laila, no ka mea, i ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XVIII kenekulia ua wehewehe aku ma abrupt loli ma aneiai hoahanau a me nā ho'āʻo iho au i hoʻi o ke kaiāulu, a alakai ai i ka kokololio ia'na o baroque Pop.

Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka Winter Palace ma St. Petersburg ua hoano e ka maoli pōʻino no ka mea, o ka meaʻoiʻoi lilo o ka hoihoi i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kaila o kona ola i ke ala e classicism. He pohihihi keia i ka haku ola i ke au o ka pele, ma ka mea ana i hana. Rastrelli no ka mea, ua i maoli loa.

Kanawai ma na aina e kuhikuhipuʻuone Russian

Ka mua hapalua o ka XVIII kenekulia lilo i ka hiʻona'āina i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone. I loko nō o ka mea i na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone kaulana o St. Petersburg, he mau malihini, ka mea pili kēia hoʻoholo i ka ulu ana o kuhikuhipuʻuone i loko o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a haawi aku la ia ia kekahi Western LIKE. I ka Ia manawa haku ia lakou iho ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kaiapuni, aoao, a me ka moolelo o ka Lūkini kanaka i loli, a me kona ao ke kaila o lākou hana, adapting i ka ho'āʻo iho au a me nā koho o nā mea kūʻai mai.