Na physical kino - He aha ka keia? Helu kino: examples, ka waiwai

I kēia lā i ka 'atikala ke nūnē nui i keia physical kino. Me ke kanalua, keia makahiki ua ole halawai pinepine aku oe i na makahiki o ke kula. Me ka manaÿo o ka "physical kino", "waiwai", "kŰia" mākou mua halawai me ia ma ka maoli moʻolelo haʻawina. Ka mea, i ke kumuhana o ka hapanui o na pauku o ke kūikawā 'epekema - ke kālaikūlohea.

Ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana, i ka manawa "physical kino" pili ana i kekahi mau' mea mea me ke ÿano, a me ka haʻi mawaho palena, i hoʻokaʻawale ia, mai ka 'āina a me nā kino. Eia hou, i ka physical kino hoʻomaopop 'ana i' ano like me ke kaupaona a me ka leo. Mau mea kiko'î e walaʻauʻana. Akā, loaʻa nō kekahi poʻe'ē aʻe ia. Mākou i N. e kamailio ana mäliko, nuʻa, elasticity, paakiki, a no laila, ma luna o.

Helu kino: examples

Aloha i, i kekahi o ka puni mea, ua hiki ke kapa i ke kino kino. Ka loa ninau i na examples o ia - o ka buke, papaʻaina, kaʻa, mea poepoe, kiaha. Simple kino ke kālaikūlohea kahea aku ia, nona geometric shape ka poe noonoo ole. Ahupapa physical kino - ka poe e ola ana ma ka palapala o ka pu e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi mea kino. No ka laʻana, ka mea, o conventionally kanaka huahelu hiki e na poe like me ka lākou o nā paukūʻolokaʻa a me spheres.

Ka mea o ka i ninoieo kekahi o nā kino haawiia hope paha. Naʻe, ka mea e komo i loko o kona haku mele 'ana e like me ka hookahi, a me ka helu o ka waiwai. Eia nō kekahi examples. Na physical kino - cutlery ('ō, puna). Ka mea, i i ka hapanui o ka kila. Pahi kino i malama like he kumu e he a mauʻano o ka waiwai - ka kila maka a me ka laau i lawelawe,. A ua i ka luna 'huahana e like me ka ke kelepona hele, i mai i ka nui nui helu o "nā mea hoʻohui".

He aha nā 'ona

Ka mea, e ia ma kona ano maoli a hana artificially. I ka wā kahiko, kanaka a pau i ka mea 'ikamu i ka maoli mea (arrowheads - mai ka pohaku, wela kapa - mai ka holoholona tehasa). Me ka hooulu ana o oaoieei-holomua o ka waiwai a pau i hanaia e ke kanaka. A me ka manawa o ka poe - i ka nui. A Classic mamuli o physicalʻimi hoʻopunipuni kino i e ea. Kēlā me kēia o ko lakou ano ho okumu ia ma ka ke kanaka ma ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka mea e pono ai ano o kekahi mea. No ka laʻana, aniani moakaka ea - Eyeglass nā aniani kaulona, ole-ʻawahia ai - no ka mea kūʻai, mau nō - no ke kaʻa Ka Pale.

I kekahi mea (mai ka pohaku ke koi i ka kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana maalea) i ka helu ana o kekahi 'ano. Kekahi o na waiwai o ke kino ai 'kino - o kā lākou hana e e o Laielohelohe i kekahi i kekahi me ka hopena o gravitational AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. Ua Ua anaia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kino nui i kapaia o nuipa a. Ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana, na physicists, i ka nui o ke kino - he ana o ko lākou umekaumaha. Ua Ua denoted ma ka hōʻailona m.

nuipa huahelu

Kēia physical nui, e like kekahi 'ē aʻe, hiki ke anaia. E huli mai ka mea ke kau paona ana o kekahi mea, e pono e hoohalike ia me ka hae. Ia mea i ke kino nona ka nuipa a ua ea ae ia e ke kuʻikahi. International System o Units (Si) ka mea, ua manaoia e ia i nā kilo. Oia ka "maikaʻi" kaumaha mokuna i koe i loko o ka palapala o ka paukūʻolokaʻa, no ko ka ka oka a pau o ka iridium a me ka platinum. Kēia lahui hāpana ua waihonakala ma Farani, a ua loaʻa i loko o aneane na aina kope o ia.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka manaʻo o nā kilo tona, gram paha milligram. Ana ma kēia ipu kālā i ka hū o ke kino. He He Classic ala no ka maʻamau o ho. Akā, i loko o ke kālā no ke kālaikūlohea, loaʻa nō nā ano o ka mahele, he nui aku laekahi, a kiʻekiʻe-miomio. Me kā lākou kōkua ho oholo i ka hū o ka microparticles, a me ka nunui mea.

Other waiwai o physical kino

Ke kinona, ke kaupaonaʻana a me ka leo - o ka mea nui 'ano. Akā, loaʻa nō nā waiwai o physical kino, kela mea keia mea o ka i mea nui i loko o ka kekahi kulana home 'ole. No ka laʻana, he like ka leo o ka 'ikamu i oko a nui i loko o ke kau paona ana, a laila i kaʻokoʻa nuʻa. Ma na wahi, i hiki, nui ano e like me brittleness, paakiki, elasticity a me kaʻume mākenēki ano. Mākou e mai poina i ka thermal conductivity, mäliko, uniformity, uila conductivity a me nā physical waiwai o nā kino lehulehu a me ka 'ona.

Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, i kēia mau 'ano hilinaʻi ma luna o ia mau waiwai a mea mai i na' atikala i i. No ka laʻana, laholio, aniani a me ke kila kala e i ka loa okoa kau o physical ano. Kēia mea o ka nui ma ka wahi, i hiki ke hana kūleʻa ma waena o nā kino, no ka laʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka degere o ka deformation i'ālualua.

About hookama approximations

Kekahi mau pauku o ke kālaikūlohea physical kino ua manao me he abstraction ka maikaʻi 'ano. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā mechanics o ke kino e na poe like nuipa a kuhikuhi mai la lakou me ka nuipa a me nā waiwai. Kēia māhele epa a me ka neʻeʻana o ke kālaikūlohea ia conditional kumu, a no ka hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia e like me ka loina Hawaiʻi e pili '.

I ka 'epekema hoʻomaulia pinepine hoʻohana i ka manaʻo o kaʻoʻoleʻa kino. Ka poe conventionally manaoia e e mai paha i kekahi deformation, a hiki i ka nele o ka nuipa pohupani hale o ka waena kino. Kēia Nohie kükohu E ho oku ui theoretically pāʻani i ka helu ana o kekahi keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Thermodynamics Section no kā lākou mau hana hoʻohana i ka manaʻo o ka blackbody. A me ka aha i keia? Helu kino (ka Hōʻuluʻulu mea) hiki o Komo 'o ia i kekahi pāhawewe e haule ana ma luna o kona ili honua. Ma keia hihia, ina o ka hana pono ia, ka mea hiki ke hoʻokuʻu akula nä hawewe electromagnetic. Inā i nā hua'ōlelo o kaʻimi naʻauao hoʻomaulia ano o physical kino mea i noho pilikia, i ka paʻamau mea ia ia mea spherical.

No ke aha la ka mea nui waiwai o nā kino

Ke kālaikūlohea iho, e like me ka mea, ua i ka pono e maopopo i nā kānāwai ma i hoi physical kino, e like me ka pono me maomeka no ke ola ana o keʻano o ka mawaho hanana. Natural aʻe nā kekahi loli ma ko kākou 'ia, ua i pili i ka hana kanaka. He nui o kēia mau kanaka hana i kā lākou pono, akā, na mea e ae i e weliweli, a hiki nalu p.

Study o ka hana a me ka waiwai o keʻano o ka physical kino mea e pono ai na kanaka ma ka mea e kilokilo i ka adverse aʻe, a pale aku paha i emi i ka ino, kena ae la ia e ia. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ana o breakwaters kanaka e hoʻohana i ke kaua i ka hopena maikaʻi hoikeana o ka meaola hehee ai. Ke ku imua o na olai kanaka a pau, ua aoia hoi, e hoʻoikaika i kūikawā ōlaʻi-hoʻopale hale kanu'ōiwi. E halihali ana i mau māhele o ke kaʻa i i ka kūikawā, ke akahele calibrated palapala i mea e ho'ēmi i ka hewa ma ka hihia o ka ulia.

Ka 'ole o na kino

E like me kekahi ho'ākāka 'ana, i ka manawa "physical kino"' o ia hoʻi kekahi mea e manaoia hiki like maoli na. Kekahi o ia e lawe i kauwahi o ka makahiki, a me ka waiwai, mai a lakou i hana ai, i ka ohi ana i nā lātoma o ka kekahi 'ole. Other, liʻiliʻi (particles) ia - nā'ātoma, akā, he mea lā na mea a indivisible kela mea keia mea o lakou. Ka 'ole o ka'Ātoma he paʻakikī. Ma kona 'ole hiki ke hōʻike' ikaika, a negatively kauoha kula haʻahaʻaa (particles) - Ion.

'Ole e like me ka i na (particles) e hoonohonoho i loko o ka kekahi kahua no ka puaʻa hiwa ua kapaia aniani. Kēlā me kēia aniani mai i kekahi pololei paa palapala, a 'o ia hoʻi ka mea i kū ke neʻeʻana a me ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kona nā lātoma a me nā'ātoma. Ka wā hoʻololi i ke aniani 'ole he mea he' aʻe 'ana i ke kino ai ka waiwai o ke kino. Ke degere o ka hoʻoneʻe o ka elemental constituents hilinaʻi nui no kona physical moku'āina, a hiki e paa, kinowai paha gaseous.

E emi iho i ka luna 'ʻike manaʻo o kaʻikepili mīkini'opihia ua hoʻohana' ia ka manaʻo o ka leo elasticity a kaʻi lau waiwai, i mea hana kuikahi inverse nā loina.

I ka neʻeʻana mai o nā lātoma

A moku'āina o ke koena a me nā'ātoma a me nā lātoma o ka paa kino mea ole hoʻomaopop 'ana i. Ka mea, i loko o ia a eia ka noi, i ke ano o ka i hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka thermal moku'āina o ke kino, a me ka hopena i ka mea, ua a ianoiyuaa a hooleiiaʻi mawaho. Part kula haʻahaʻaa (particles) - negatively hoopiiia Ion (haawiia electrons) hele i ka mämä holo ma luna ma mua me ka maikaʻi kauoha.

Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka moku'āina o aggregation, ka physical kino - he paakiki mea, ke kinowai a me kinoea, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o hakakino noi. Ke totality o ka puaʻa hiwa i ke maheleia i mea pōaka a me amorphous. Ke noi ana o (particles) i loko o ke aniani manaoia maopopo kauoha. Ma ke kinowai, nā lātoma hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka loa okoa rula. Ka mea, neʻe mai kekahi hui i kekahi, e hiki hoi i noonoo ai figuratively e like hele hewa ia mai kekahi'ōnaehana i kekahi lani comets.

Ma kekahi o ka gaseous kino nā lātoma i ka nui nawaliwali hoopaa ma mua o ke kinowai a paa. (Particles), aole e hiki ke kapaia repel mai kekahi i kekahi. Elasticity physical kino i ho'ākāka 'ia e kekahi hui malu pu ana o elua papa kuhikuhiE aiaiiuo - ka ako ana, a me ka leo elasticity kaʻi lau waiwai.

Ke fluidity o nā kino

Ka wā a pau nuiʻokoʻa ma waena o ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa a me ka wai a physical kino mawaena o lakou iho i loko o ka waiwai o kā lākou mau mea like. Kekahi o ia mau mea, i kapa pahee hoʻopiha moku'āina o waena ma waena o ka mua a me ka lua o ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i me na, a me nā physical waiwai. Oia kona mea e like me fluidity, hiki ke 'akomi i loko o ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa (no ka hoʻohālike - a hau kāmaʻa Var). He hoʻomaopop 'a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a me ka hana nui iho la ia. Ma lalo o puʻe loa o ia, ua hiki no e kahe ana e like me ka wai. Ma ka hoʻohuiʻia a me ka paio hahana maoli nō i ka paa apana o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia elua i weld ia pu. A, i ka soldering kaʻina i wahi i ka wela nui haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o kela a me keia.

Kēia kaʻina mea hiki ma keʻano o ka piha hui 'o na wahi elua. Ia mea ma keia ano o ka likeʻole metala oka a pau. Ua like ka waiwai ua kapaia maholahune.

About ke kinowai a me ke kinoea

E like me ka hopena o ka lehulehu ia mea, ua hiki mai i ka hopena kēia 'epekema: paa physical kino - ia mea i kekahi kaʻawale hui. Ke hoʻokaʻawale iki ma waena o lākou, a me ka wai a mea wale nō i loko o ka nui maloko kū'ē. Ao 'ona i loko o kekahi mau Hawaii ia lŘlŘ i loko o ke ana wela kekahi.

Kinoea oko mai ke kinowai, kinopaÿa e hoomahuahua i ka laholio ikaika, a hiki ma kiʻekiʻe ka leo loli, aole ia e hana ana i loko o ia mau mea. I ka likeʻole ma waena o nā ke kinowai, kinopaÿa - i loko o ka puaʻa hiwa ia lŘlŘ laholio koa ma ka ako i, a laila hoʻololi shape. O kŰia uaʻaʻole hoʻi i mālama i loko o ke kinowai, i hiki ke lawe i kekahi o nā 'ano apau loa.

Mea pōaka a amorphous

E like me ua oleloia, i ka hiki Hawaii elua o ka puaʻa hiwa - mea pōaka a me amorphous. Amorphous mau kino i i ka ia physical waiwai i loko o nāʻaoʻao. Kēia mea e like ai haawiia isotropy. Me lakou i mea hoike, i ka paakiki, kēpau, Amber huahana, pukamakani. Lākou isotropy - i ka hopena o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha kaulele o nā lātoma a me nā'ātoma i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka mea.

Ma ka mea pōaka moku'āina ka haʻahaʻa (particles) e hoonohonoho i loko o ka mea ano, a nei me na 'ole ma ke kamepiula hai hou ia ma kekahiʻaoʻao. Ke physical waiwai o kēia mau kino i okoa, akā, ka mea, i ka ia i loko o lauaʻaoʻao. Oia ka waiwai hoʻomaopop 'ana i nā nā pōaka, i kapaia anisotropy. ʻO kona mau kumu - ka ikaika kaiʻewaʻewa o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o nā lātoma a me nā'ātoma ma kekahiʻaoʻao.

Mono- a polycrystalline

I hookahi nā pōaka homogeneous kūloko ma 'ole, a ua hai hou ma ka buke a pau. Polycrystals hou me ka ai iiiaanoaa o randomly fused pu uuku crystallites. Lākou constituent (particles) e hoonohonoho ma luna o ka loa pololei hoakaka mai kekahi i kekahi, a ma ka pololei mea. Ma lalo o ia hoʻi, puka olu oia i ka moʻo o ka aka wahi, a laila ka mea nui ana e like me na ioauoa o nā lātoma a me nā'ātoma. Ke hooheheeia me ka mea pōaka 'ole hookauwa me nā no na alahaka kupapaʻu, na hale a me nā puaʻa hiwa paʻa nā hale. He no ka mea, o ka waiwai o ka mea pōaka puaʻa hiwa i ke akahele? Anoee no ka mea hiki mau hana.

Ma maoli ikaika ano negatively pili i ke aniani puka olu oia mā, nā superficial a me na. Like me ka waiwai puaʻa hiwa hookaawale pauku o ke kālaikūlohea haawiia keia i like me kaʻoʻoleʻa kino mechanics.