Na Yak-40. Ohua Kekoa o ka USSR. Yakovlev Design Buro

IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ia ke lohe e pili ana i ke kanawai maunakea mokulele, ke haawi aku i ka jumbo mokulele hēkī i hiki lele tausani o kilomika o nā alanui. Eia naʻe, oi aku kanaha pakeneka o ka lewa ua lawe mai ma kaiakū ea laina, ka lōʻihi o ka i mea 200-500 kilomika, a me kekahi manawa ka mea, e ana wale ma na umi o kilomika. Ua mea no ia hana, a ua hana i ka Yak-40. Kēia hanana mokulele, a e e kūkākūkā i ka pauku.

pinepine ae la oia mua

Yak-40 (Hawaii photo hāʻawiʻia i loko o ka 'atikala hōʻike i mokulele) i ka mea mua i loko o ka Soviet Union, a me ka honua i ka ohua mokulele hēkī, a i ke hoʻololi i ka hana ma luna o kūloko Airlines. He lilo ka mua mokulele i ka USSR, i loaa i ka palapala o ka airworthiness i loko o ka West a like palapala hoʻomaikaʻi ma ko kakou aina. Na Yak-40 i ka mua wahi lulu Airbus loaa ka palapala ma Germany, a Italy. He pū i ka mea mua Soviet mokulele hala a pau o nā ana hoʻohālike o ka airworthiness BCAR England, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia - mamao-25. E hana i ka palapala hoʻomaikaʻi o ka mokulele ua kōkua e hōʻeleu i ka hoʻolālā o kona mokulele? Aaeno? I loko o ka Soviet Union, i ka hookamaia o ka hae o ka airworthiness, e like me ka hooulu ana o ko mākou hana, he helu o nā 'iniha, a me ka mea e hālāwai me nā ana hoʻohālike o o "ke Komohana." Eia hou kekahi, lilo iho la oia i ka mua ohua airliner i ka Yakovlev Design Buro.

Ka mea mua a me ka mea kūʻai mai manaʻo mai i ka poe akamai i

Italy lilo ka mua aupuni i loko o ke ao nei, ua loaa ka Yak-40. Ua i hoʻonohonoho i ka hōʻike o ka hana ana kiʻekiʻe o ka mīkini. Kahu moku, ma ka hōʻike ke kahu moku, M. G. Zavyalov a me Italian pailota, ka mokulele i ka holo ana mai o ka Italia kapikala i Australia. Keia ala hele, ua lanakila lāua ma luna me kekahi hoʻolako 'ole a me nā breakdowns. I 'Apelila o ka makahiki 1970 i ka Palani maunakea Magazine Magazine kaulana i ka Yak-40 Ua palapala ma ka manao, ka nui a me ka holo' ano. Ma ke West, aohe mea kokokeʻaʻohe mokulele i hiki ke kue i ka Lūkini malihini. Ma ka US, wale? Ac? Ia mau hana, i ka manaʻo o ka a ua, e lawe wahi pono i kekahi mau makahiki.

A pau o ka honua i ka poe akamai i ka lani kiekie loa, a pane lākiō Lūkini mokulele Yakovlev Design Buro.

e pili ana mokulele

Ma ka hooulu ana o ka Yak-40, hoomaka nā kānakaʻenehana ma April o ka 65th makahiki o ka hope kenekulia. Ke kumu o ka hou mokulele ua e puku OOAOAaXUEIE Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka kuʻe Il-12, Il-14 a me Li-2, mea näna i hana ma kūloko Airlines. Soviet mokulele Manufacturers i wale hoʻokahi makahiki no ka manao a me ka kapili ana o ka prototype. No laila, October 21, 1966 ho'āʻo ke kahu moku Arseniem Kolosovym Ua hoala mua i loko o ka lewa prototype - ka Yak-40. A kūikawā hiʻona o ka hiki ana o ka mokulele, e lawe aku mai unpaved Airfield. Ua hoʻopiʻi 'ia e ka oi palena pau o ka mokulele' ole, waiho iho la ia nā kānakaʻenehana Yakovlev Design Buro.

"ALOHA HAWAII kerosene" a "hao luahi"

Yak-40 (Hawaii photo ma luna E hoike mai) o ka poe noonoo ole loa mīkini papahana no ka holo a me ka honua, nā limahana a me nā haumāna noho. Ma hope ona i pipili mau kapakapa o - "hao luahi" (he kŘpa a uuku ka nui a me ka nui dymlenie mana huahelu) a me "ALOHA HAWAII o ka kerosene" (no ka mea kiekie oia ka wahie hokii). He Airbus eiaao He kiʻekiʻe loa pono a me ka hana ana maluhia. Yak-40 ke lawe aku ina kekahi o na kiko'ī ekolu, a e i ka holo ana ma luna o kekahi o ka mana huahelu. Ma makaukau Airfield 'oihana kahu kōkua hana nona iho kāhea mea, he pelu hulili, kiʻekiʻe controllability o ke kaʻa. Kau i na kiko'ī ma ka hope o ka fuselage ua hoemi kamakawiwo ole a me ka leo.

hana e piʻi like

Total Soviet mokulele hana i na 1011 huahelu Yak-40 kŘkohu. Kahe Ua pani i ka 1981, akā, i kēia i i pau i ke ola ana o ka mokulele. More ma mua o nā makahiki he kanahā ma ka honua ka Hawaiian Airlines - mea ole ka oi hoike ana o ka pono o ka mīkini, ka pololei oaoieei-pāʻoihana i ka mea ala mai iloko o ka hanaia ana o keia kükohu i ka luna 'pilikia! A me ka poʻe akamai, a technologists Minsk mokulele hana hou i Plant ole wale wale nō hou o ka lua o ke ola ana o ka mokulele, akā, i loko o ka huipūʻana me ka hoʻomalu Yakovlev Design Buro i ua hoomakaukau ai i ua hana - lele keʻena hoʻokolohua, a ua loaa mai nei nui i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni. Ke Lūkini pelane loaʻa loa ākea palapala noi. No laila, ma ka hapalua like-seventies o ka Yak-40 loa auou caiaiai ka veterans Il-12, Il-14 a me Li-2 me ka kūloko Airlines. A E ke Kumu o ka holo ana o ka oi o ekolu haneri localities o ke aupuni, i kēia mau paakiki poe hana ma 1988 kaʻi aku oi ma mua o kanawalu miliona ohua. A me ka mōʻaukala o keia mokulele iʻaʻole naʻe, ua pau. Ke hoʻohana hana o keia kumu hoʻohālike i loko o ko kakou aupuni a me ka umikumamawalu nā lāhui maopopo leʻa hōʻike i ka fallacy o ka olelo hooholo ma withdrawal o ka Yak-40? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ke'ī mai, i ka hope o kiko'ī hou wahie efficient laekahi kiko'ī makemake e ae, e hoomahuahua i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie a me ka mea hoʻolilo o ka mokulele.

waiwai hoʻolilo

Delivery o ka mea mua Yak-40 mokulele no ka mea hoʻolilo i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka makahiki 1970, e eha makahiki ma hope o ka lawe-aku i ka ke kahu moku, kŘkohu. No ka umi makahiki ma Asia, Europe, a me ka Lepupalika o Cuba ka mea, ua kuai lilo 125 huahelu o kekahi Lolina o layouts a me ka hoʻololi 'ana. Mea hoʻolilo Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i like i ka pūkaʻina i ka helu o nä mea i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka hale a me ka hoʻokele lako a pan. Mau ohua Kekoa USSR lako i ka umikumamawalu'āina: Afghanistan, Angola, Pulakalia, Hungary, Vietnam, Zambia, Italy, Cambodia, Cuba, Laos, ka Malagasy Repubalika, Poland, Suria, Germany, Kapikoowāea Guinea, Ethiopia, Yugoslavia. I ka makahiki 2000, i ka Kamchatka hawaii kuai lilo kekahi mokulele i Honduras. Mai ka makahiki 1967, i ka Yak-40 i kekahi i komo i loko o nā mea a pau maunakea salons England, Germany, Japan, Italy, France, Kuekene a me nā'āina'ē. Kēia kaʻao mokulele me ka holo ÷, ua i oi aku mamua o elima haneri tausani kilomika, a kipa nā mea he nui,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Europe akā, i Asia, Amerika, Africa a me Australia. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka Yak-40 o ka mua Soviet airliner, i i kūʻai liloʻia aku i loko o ka capitalist aina a me kā lākou mau e hoʻomōhala ana i maunakea oihana puolo. Mau mokulele i kēia lā hoʻohanaʻia hoʻi Airlines o umikumamaono'āina.

oaoieei-kiʻi

Mākou e noonoo i ka hoakaka. Yak-40, e like me ka palapala holo'āina'ē aeaiiua, manao no ka lōʻihi o kekahi, a me ka hapalua tausani kilomika. Ka'ēheu i kekahi 'ano nui' āpana - 70ʻahā like mika, a i ka mea i hiki ai i ka'ōnaehana o loa eiiieaena multislit puapua a me slats haalele aku. Ke cruising mämä holo o 510 km / h. Ka walaʻauʻana manaʻo o ka mokulele 'ole i ke akahai, he huihui' ana o ka ekolu mokulele hēkī kiko'ī a me ka nui eheu, kiʻekiʻe takeoff a me ka pae hana. Huki i ka mana o ka mana o ka mokuna o ka hapalua tons. Kekahi pono o ka powerplant awelika engine, a ua hoʻonohonoho i loko o ka fuselage, ka mea, i ka nana e hoole hou - kūikawā mea e leie aku e hoʻololi i ka olelo o ka a no ka maluhiluhi kinoea kahawai i ke peleki pāʻana o ka mokulele. ua hoemiia kēia mokuna i ka holo kaʻa kālā o ke kaʻa i pae mai i 400 mau mika. A me na kiai e, e hoole i ka wale nô mea ole ka engine, a me ka mokulele. Kēia mea nui loa ia no ka unification o ka mana a me ka mea kanu, e kōkua hope o ka waena pa alima. Ke kaʻa o ka mīkini ua lako pono me ka palupalu damping'ōnaehana, e ho'ēmi i kā ka puʻe ma luna o ka ili o ka runway. A pau keia ua ae ka mokulele lawe aku a me ka aina maluhia ma luna o ka honua me ka lepo uhi.

Ke cockpit fits mau kanaka: i ka alihi kaua a me ke kākoʻo '-ke kahu moku, akā, e hiki ke hoonoho i ke kolu o ka noho, ina he pono. Kaba aniani i hana ka pila paio hahana maoli nō. Shop Yak-40 o ia i ka 'auhau o ka 27 a hiki i 32 ohua. Ka mokulele Ua lako pono me ke kālā no avionics acrobatic hoʻokele lako a pan a leie aku oe e lele lā a me ka pō, ma keʻano adverse ino ana. Lako a nā: autopilot,ʻimi hoʻopunipuni moana lipolipo, directional nenoai,ʻume mākenēki panana, mau 'akomi kuhikuhi finder, kursoglissadnuyu awa pae nenoaiu, Radio altimeter no haʻahaʻa altitudes. Mokulele i hoʻolako pono me ka loa efficient ea-wela'ōnaehana e pale aku icing o ka hale noho. Radio map Radar kōkua e huai ae i ke alo o ka makani ino fronts ma ka holo ala. E like me ka palapala holo'āina'ē aeaiiua, ka airliner mau mea he kanakolu tausani hola, a me ka hana ke ola - mai i ka makahiki 25.

lua o ka wa opiopio,

I ka makahiki 1999, ua hua mai Yakovlev Design Buro nā kānakaʻenehana haʻawina a me ka helu, a hoike mai i ka mokulele hana ana ola hiki ke papaluaia ma e hooikaika ana i ka manao a me ka hoohanohano a o ka airframe. Ka polokalamu palena manawa hana e ae poe, e hoopanee i ka pono, e kūʻai hou mokulele, a e ho'ōla nui kālā. Modernization Program nā hope kiko'ī nike powertrains.

he ulia pakalaki

A hailona ana o kanaka, a me ka hoi ka poe i mau na lawelawe o ka lewa nā moku halihali mokulele hoʻohana, e makaʻu i ka lele. A regular pelane kui he hoʻonui i ke kūpono 'ana o kēia mau phobias. Na kanaka mea makehewa wale nō ke hōʻike 'ikepili helu, e like me a, ma kaʻa crashes pepehi oi ma mua o crashes. Ua heluia, ua hikiwawe wehewehe, no ka mea, i ka wa a ka mea kui,ʻaʻole ka mea, he mau loa pohihihi keia, oiai ōlaʻi i o ka poʻe i pepehi. O mau ka kŰia,ʻaʻole wale no ka hoahanau o ka mōhai, akā, no hoi no ka malihini. Apparently, ka makaʻu ua wehewehe ia e ka mea i ka ohua hiki ole hoʻololi i kekahi mea, aole he mea hilinaʻi nui, oia haawi mai ia ia iho, a me kona ola i loko o nā lima o ke kahu moku, a me ka soulless machines.

Ke'ī mai, i ka 'ikepili helu o nā poho mokulele Yak-40 mākou noonoo. Ka hewa a me ka lilo ana o ka mokulele no nā kumu, no ka oi aku kanaha-makahiki mōʻaukala o keia kükohu mamua o ka umi pakeneka ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. No laila, 117 mokulele i ua nalowale mai ka hoomaka ana o ka hana. O kēia 46 machines i wawahiia no kela kumu, pinepine no ka mea, o ka hewa o ka pailota me ka ea kalepa luna. Ka i koe, 71 Yak-40 i poino, no ka mea ke kumu, 'aneʻi pū a me ka mokulele i luku ai i ka oihana ana i loko o nā anal mau kiko. Incidentally, o ka hope ka mīkini i i ua nalowale - ia airliner, poino iloko o ke kaua no ka Donetsk Airport May 26, 2014.

Yakovlev mokulele

Ma ka Yakovlev Design Buro mai o ka waiwai mōʻaukala. Mai ka paia i hele mai i ou wahi lihi iki o okoa machines, mai koa mokulele i jumbo jets. Aia i loaʻa like haʻuki a me keia Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, no kekahi laʻana, e lńkou poʻe hoʻoholo moku. E noonoo i kekahi o ia mau mea, e like me ka Yak-42. Kēia kumu hoʻohālike i? Ac? I loko o ka hapalua like-70s o ka hope kenekulia no de i ka papa kuhikuhiE? Ooia kokoke ka Soviet Union. Commercial hana o keia mokulele i hoomaka ai i loko o ka 80th makahiki. I loko nō o kona 194 moʻo? Iecaianoaaiiuo mokulele i kūkuluʻia i loko o 1980-2002. O kēia mau mea, 42 Yak-64 waihona ipu piha pa alima, a 130 - he hoonui ae i hooponopono hou ana o ka Yak-42D - māhuahua lawe-aku ke kaumaha a me ka laulā. Na cruising ka mämä holo o ka 700 km / h. Ka mokulele ua papahana no i kā mākou holo huahelu o kilomika eha tausani. Ka ohua kāpena ua papahana no ka noho 120. Kēia pelane 'Aʻole e pono ai hoʻolaha, i kona piʻi like e olelo no lakou iho. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea, i eiwa honua mooolelo! Pela, i loko o kekahi o ia mau mea i ka Yak-42, papahana no kokoke laina, hiki i kupono i ka mamao mai ka kapikala o Rusia i Khabarovsk. Kahaha ko oukou naau no ka ka mea i mua o ka hanaia ana o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka Yak-40 a me Yak-42 Yakovlev Design Buro e hoʻomōhala ana i nunui-ohua airliners ma mau ole hoʻoili. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE specialization - ia ka hoʻonaʻauao, nii? A koa kinai Kekoa.

Yak-18 pelane

Kēia mokulele mea he mamo no ka Ut-2L wehe i ka 44th o ka hope kenekulia. Ua Ua manaoia no ka loiloi mua aʻo o ka poʻe hoʻoholo moku. Ma ka postwar makahiki, ka Yak-18 A i ka mua papakaukau hoʻonaʻauao i hoʻomākaukauʻia. I kona manaʻo, pono, a me ka mea i manao ai hōʻike i ka manaʻo o ka holo ma kaʻino ka ino, a ma ka po. Ka mokulele Ua lako pono me ka mana pa alima me ka 'auhau o ka 160 nā lika. kek.., ee iaaanu aey kukulu iho propeller aeromechanical. Ke fuselage kanu'ōiwi nā mea he kūponoʻano o ke kila na ohe. I ka ihu o ka paʻa 'ilikai ke poʻi hana ana hatches, a ua uhiʻia i ka huelo a me ke kapa. Stabilizers a keel i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia kapiliia me ka loaʻoʻoleʻa hoʻokino nā manamana wāwae. Eheu - dvulonzheronnoe, detachable, a me ka waena pauku. Detachable hooluolu mai, a me ka holoʻokoʻa waena pauku i ka muaʻaoʻao lala mai heʻoʻoleʻa pōkā pū, oiai ua uhiʻia i ke koena me ka lole. Na Yak-18 ÷, i nā hewa a pau o kona, hoʻokomo i ua eliminated, ia mea loa i ka pilina paʻa, a maʻalahi e hoʻomalu aku ma ka mokulele, a he maikai pēpēʻana ano. ʻO kā mākou ka mämä holo o ka mokulele mea 257 km / h, piʻi 4 m / s, i ka i kā mākou kiʻekiʻena o eha tausani mika, huahelu - hoʻokahi tausani kilomika, awa pae ka mämä holo o ka 85 km / h. Na Yak-18 ua hoolako ia me ka helu o kekahi mau mea i hiki i ka po a me ka "poe makapo" lele.

Na Yak-18T - ka hooponopono hou ana o ka mīkini o ka Yak-18. He He malamalama multipurpose mokulele. He mea kekahi o ka safest mokulele hoʻohana ma ka holo kula. Ua Ua kauoha aku nō ma luna o kekahi o ka mokulele oaoieei-me ka hālāwai kūkā, 650 machines Yak-18T Ua lele wale aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona hola me kekahi mea oaoieei-hewa. Ma ka mea kēia mana, keia mokulele e kaumaha ana versatility, ka mea hiki ia he ohua, e ao ana a me ka aʻo, ola, amo. Eia hou, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia e patrol kaʻaila a me ka kinoea pipelines, mana laina, alanui pipiʻi a me woodlands, e like me ka lawe aku ekolu ohua no ka loihi o ka elima haneri kilomika.

Sports pelane, mai ka Yakovlev Design Buro

May 8, 1979 i loko o ka lani, kokoke i ka Tushino Airfield ua he uuku mokulele me he ao alohilohi i ulaula mau'ēheu. Pelane me ka oluolu kalaka famously hana aerobatics: pahu, lou, Flip. An inā pilikia ka haumāna maka makemake i koke kaulana i ia mea e mau no na na kamaaina hookahi haʻuki Yak-50, he okoa kükohu. Nui Kahauanu holomua cockpit kuhikuhi mai i keia mau mīkini. Ma pae ke maopopo nāʻokoʻa: awa pae puapua a me ka ihu pae kapa. Ua ua i hou hanaia'na mai o ka 'enekinia, manao Buro Yakovlev - ka Yak-52 mokulele hiki o satisfying i ka loa a me ka like conflicting koi. He mea maopopo, no ka mea, no ka haʻuki aʻo i hoʻomākaukauʻia ai ka palena haʻahaʻa kumupaʻa margins, uuku ke kākoʻo 'ana, a e hana i ka ke kahu moku, a hiki i ka pāʻana i ka mīkini lima. Ka mea, e hiki wawe ka paʻahele hana aerobatics. A me ka mokulele no ka loiloi mua aʻo, ka mea, ua, ma ka mea ku ole, pono e loa i ka pilina paʻa, a hiki ole ke kahu ai, a aole i loaa ka bogged ia i loko o ka tailspin.

Ka mīkini no ka holo aʻo mea hana e kukulu iho la lakou i kekahi 'ano paa kau o ka hoʻokele a me ka hoʻokele pono, a no nā haʻuki mana o ka mea e wale ia he keu wānana. Me nā mea a pau kēia mau pilikia a me ke ehuehu o ka pae ana o nā kānakaʻenehana a me ka poʻe akamai. Aka hoi, mokulele akamai Makuakane me kēia hana, e like me "maikaʻi" a me ka hikiwawe e loaa: ka Yak-52 i kūkuluʻia ma ka emi o eono mahina. Kēia mea he papalua-metala monoplane. Ka fuselage - kalaka nui-monocoque, ka mea, i ka hana ana i na mea hiki ke hooheheeia naʻau. Ua hoʻohuiʻia i ka wahi ponoi countersunk riveted. 'ēheu - hookahi-hoolaia mai ai lakou, i hoʻolako pono me ka pae puapua, a kau ma luna o shompolnye loop, a malalo o ko ea paukūʻolokaʻa. Cantilever huelo pa alima. Ke stabilizer fin, a hooko aku la ma ka dvulonzheronnoy noaia. Yak-eiwa-kuʻe 52 ua hoolako ia me ka kahahānai makou a holo pa alima nona iho o ka 360 nā lika. i kekahi. me ka 'akomi ee iaaanu aey kona nui propeller. Navigation a me ka holo pono e leie aku oe e lele i loko loa adverse ino ana. Ma waho aʻeo i ka maʻamau kau o ka mea, i kēia kükohu i ka hoonohonoho hou ana,'ōnaehana, VHF Radio a me ka 'akomi olelo finder. I ka wa e ai ka hooko ana o aerobaticʻoihana kaʻa, i kekahi mea keu hoʻokele a me ka holo lako a ua dismantled.