Natural oa ??. Latitudinal a altitudinal zonation

Ua noa i ike ia i loko o ke ao nei o ka ikehu lā wela o ka makana ka haoʻa no i ka spherical kinona o ka Honua. Ma no o keia kekahi palapala i ka maoli'ōnaehana, kahi a pau na eiiiiiaiou i loko o kēlā me kēia pili loa aku i kekahi i kekahi, a hana maoli ia? Aie? A ia lŘlŘ ma luna o nā mea a pau âinapuni. Inā mākou e hahai i ka flora a? Aaoa ma ka ia wahi, akā, ma luna o kekahi 'âinapuni, ua hiki ke ike i kekahi mau mea like.

Kuʻe Huli oa ?? kānāwai

Nä känaka 'epekema V. V. Dokuchaev i loko o kona manawa i hana i ke ao ana o maoli mau mea, a hōʻike i ka manaʻo i kēlā me kēia ciia - he maoli eiiieaen, ma ka Animated a me ka mea ola' ano i pili loa interrelated. A laila, ma luna o kēia kumu, i hoʻokumu 'ia i ka makahiki mua ao ana, i i ua maemae a ua nui ka' ike piha ma nā noiʻi ls Berg.

Kekahi mau ano o ka ciie? Aie a hiki i ke 'ano o ka haku mele' ana o Leeuwerikplein aloha , a me ka ole o nā papa aʻe: o ka ikaika o ka Sun, a me ka Honua i ka ikehu. Ua mea me kēia mau kumumea pili maoli ciie?, A ua hoikeia mai ma ka puunaue ana o ka moana, heʻano o ka'āina a me kona 'ole. E like me ka hopena, i hana likeʻole maoli eiiieaenu, a me ka nui o ia mea he Leeuwerikplein ciia i mea kokoke i ka climatic cii i ho'ākāka 'ia BP Alisova).

Līkaia no ka mea kēia Geographic cii: Kapikoowāea, elua subequatorial, Tropical a me ka subtropical, pakiko, a me ka subpolar Polar (Arctic a me ke Anuhema). Kuʻe Huli ciia e puunaueia i cii, i mea e kamaʻilio hou ua hōʻike hewa.

He aha ka ka latitudinal ciie?

me ka climatic cii, a, nolaila cii Natural wahi pili loa i hipuu i nā puku i kekahi i kekahi, e neʻe mai Kapikoowākea a hiki i na auamo, ma ua hoemiia ka ikehu lā wela, a hoʻololi ii iai. Oia kekahi naeaeaa o ka nui maoli eiiieaenu kapaia latitudinal zonation, i hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o nā mea a pau ma kona ano maoli mau mea, nānā 'ole o ka nui.

He aha mea he kiʻekiʻe-e hoea ciie?

Ka palapala 'āina hiki ke ike, ina ua hoʻoneʻe, mai ka'ākau a hiki i ka hikina, i loko o kēlā Leeuwerikplein ciia kō ka Leeuwerikplein ciie?, Mai ka Arctic wao nahele, maalo ae la oia i ka tundra, i hiki i ka tundra, taiga, i hui a me ka deciduous nahele, nahele-hehi, a hehi, a me ka hope i ka wao nahele a me subtropics. Ka mea, ana, mai ka hikina a hiki i komohana Lane, akā, he mea no hoi kekahi ao ao.

He nui ike i ka pii kiʻekiʻe i loko o na mauna, o ka lākiō o ka wela a me ka ona mau hoʻololi hou i ka haʻahaʻa ka mahana, a me ke kimu ole i ka paa palapala, hiki hoʻololi i nā flora a? Aaoa. Epekema a me geographers i keia olelo i kona inoa - kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena ciie? (A ciie?), Ka wā kekahi wahi ma hope o kekahi, belting mauna ma kekahi mau altitudes. Ka loli o ka ciia mea māmā ma mua o ka papu, kekahi i wale, e hele mai ai i 1 ei, a e ia i kekahi wahi. Ke lowermost ciia mau hoʻopili like ia ma ka mauna, a me ka pili ia mea i na auamo, hiki ke loaʻa i ka emi mai o kēia mau cii ma luna.

Kuʻe Huli oa ?? kānāwai hana i loko o nā kuahiwi. Mai ka latitu e kaukaʻi seasonality, e like me ka alternation o ka lā a me ka po. Inā ka mauna mea kokoke i ka laau, laila, a ma lailaʻoe e loaʻa i ka Polar ka po a me ke ao, a ina o ka wahi kokoke Kapikoowākea, i ka lā, e mau e like me ka po.

hau ciia

Natural oa ?? e pili ana i nāʻauamo o ka poepoe honua, ua kapaia o ka hau. Ke kalakala aniau, kahi hau, a me ka hau nō a pau ka makahiki a pau, a ma ka koʻu malama ana o ka mahana, aole ia i ku ma luna i ka 0 °. Snow uhi i ka honua a pau, a hiki nae i i ka la e hoomalamalama ana a puni ka uaki no kekahi mau mahina, akā,ʻaʻole hoʻomehana ia.

I oi aku i hoʻohalahala kumu i loko o mauʻaʻei ciia noho holoholona liʻiliʻi (White Bear, penguins, sila, walruses, alopeke, reindeer), nō emi hiki e halawai me kanu like ho okumu i kaʻina i ka kakahiaka kahua o ka? Acaeoey, a uaʻano nui loaʻa kanaka mahuka kanu (Lichen ka limu, ka līoho).

tundra ciia

? Aie? Anu a me ka ikaika makani, kahi ana a me ka lōʻihi hooilo pōkole ke kau, ma muli o ia i ka lepo mai, aole manawa e mahana mai, a hana i ka nunui-ahu iho la ka paʻahau lepo.

oa ?? kānāwai hana a hiki i ka tundra, a haawi i ka mea i loko o ekolu iiaciiie-cii, neʻe maila, mai ka akau i ka hema: ka Arctic tundra, kahi e uluʻano nui ka limu a me lichens typical o lichen-ka limu tundra, ma laila nā wahi laau uuku, haawi e Vaigach i Kolyma, a me Hema laau uuku tundra, ma ke kanu ninoieo o ekolu pae.

Mākou E hoi e hōʻike 'tundra i kŰlń ao ka lahilahi loloa, a mea o ka hoʻololi ciia ma waena o ka tundra a me ka nahele.

taiga ciia

No ka mea Russian Taiga - i ka nui maoli wahi, a hiki mai i ka palena komohana a hiki i ke kai o Okhotsk a me ke kai o Japan. Taiga waiho i loko o ke aniau cii elua, kahi e komo mai oko ao ana ma loko o laila.

Kēia maoli oa ?? e kālele ana i ka nui helu o ic ??, a wahi lepo wai, a me ia mea 'aneʻi originate i ka muliwai nui ma Rusia, Volga, Kama, Lena, Viluy a me na mea e ae.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea no ke kanu honua - coniferous ululāʻau Kīwala'ō ma lalo larch, emi, he pono ole spruce, kaa, tidara. Ka holoholona honua mea heterogeneous, a me ka hikina hapa o ka taiga mea waiwai ma mua o ke komohana.

Forest, ululaau hehi a me ka hehi

I ka oo o ka malihini a me ka laulā-E haʻalele nō i nahele aniau mea kai mehana a me wetter, a ua pono Hahai I latitudinal ciie. Winter He emi ke koʻikoʻi, ka luna hoʻomalu e loa a me ka mahana, i ka paipai 'ana i ka ulu ana o na laau e like meʻoka, lehu, Maple, linden, hazel. Aie i ka luna 'kanu kaiaulu ma keia ciia e lauwili? Aaoa, a, no ka mea hoike, ma ka hikina' Eulopa Plain, he pono ole bison, muskrat, hihiu puaʻa, hae, Moose.

? Aie? O ka poʻe'ē he ululāʻau mea waiwai ma mua o ka conifers, a ma laila nō nui herbivores, a heʻano nui o nā manu. Kuʻe Huli oa ?? o kekahi pa apŘ o ka muliwai paipu, kekahi o i mea i loko o ka wa hooilo, aole ia i pa ahau.

A hoʻololi ciia ma waena o ka hehi a me ka nahele hehi mea, ma he mea he alternation o ka nahele a me ka Meadow phytocenoses.

hehi ciia

'O kēia kekahi ano, e hōʻike ana i ka maoli ciie. He mea nui okoa climatic rula mai ka luna i hoike ia wahi, a me kaʻole o - ka nele o ka wai, no laila, ua loaʻa nō ole ululaau, a Kīwala'ō ma lalo kiliala a me nā mea a pau i nā lāʻau ikiʻaiʻokoʻa e uhi i ka honua me ka ana moena. I loko nō o ka mea i keia wahi mea,ʻaʻole lawa ka wai, mea kanu tolerate loa pono maloʻo, pinepine na lau liʻiliʻi, a me ka wela ia hiki keʻelua mai ma ka mea e ole ke omoāea.

Ke? Aaoa Ua oi like: loaʻa nā māiʻuʻu holoholona, rodents, carnivores. Ke Russian hehi o ka loa kanakaʻimi loa i ka lewa, a me ka papa mahiʻai wahi.

i loaʻa Steppes ma ka'ākau a me ka hema hemisphere, akā, ka mea, i ke kiʻekiʻe o kēlā nalowaleʻana aku ma muli i ka mahi ana i ka honua, ke ahi,ʻai holoholona.

Latitudinal a altitudinal zonation loaʻa i loko o ka steppes, no laila, ua māheleʻia ka mea, i loko o kekahi mau subspecies: ka mauna (no ka mea hoike, i ka Caucasus Mountains), Meadow (ano o Western Siberia), xerophilous, he poe nui hoi dernovidnnyh kiliala, a me ka wao akua (ka mea, lilo Kalmykia hehi).

I ka wao akua, a me nā koaʻe ke

Māmā loli i? Aneie rula no ka mea, o ka ke omoāea aku i na manawa he nui kimu (7 manawa), a me ka lōʻihi o ia ka wā no i ka eono mahina. Ke kanu ana o ka wahi mea i waiwai, aʻano nui i loaʻa mauʻu wanawana, laau uuku, a e ike wale ma ka muliwai nahele hiki. Ka holoholona ao ka waiwai a me ka iki like me ka kekahi e ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka hehi ciia: ka hailonaʻana o nā rodents a me nā mea kolo, a me ungulates kuewa i loko o ka puni mau mea.

Ua noʻonoʻo i ka nui wao nahele Sahara, akā, ma luna o kēia ciie? Kona ano maoli, ano o ka 11% o ka honua i ka ili, a ina ua hookui aku i ka wao nahele Artic, laila, 20%. Nahele no hoi ia i loaʻa i loko o ka pakiko ciia o ka'ākau hemisphere, a ma na koaʻe ke a me subtropics.

Unambiguous ka wehewehena o nā koaʻe ke hakuʻole, kaʻawale Geographic cii: Tropical, Kapikoowāea a me ka iiaciiie-Kapikoowāea, ma laila nā mea like i loko o kā lākou ulu lāʻau haku mele 'ana, akā, me kekahi oko ao.

Maheleia i na ululaau ma ka savannah, nahele a me subtropical rainforests. Lākou, he pono ole hiʻona mea i ka laau, he mau uliuli, a me ka likeʻole ma waena o kēia mau cii no ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka maloʻo a me ke anuenue manawa. Ma savannas ke anuenue wā mau 8-9 mahina. Subtropical ululaau ano o ka hikina Hawaiian palena pau, ma o ka loli ana i ka wa pono maloo ana o ka hooilo, a humid ka luna hoʻomalu me ka monsoon ua. Tropical Forest wehewehe aku ma kekahi degere kiʻekiʻe o ka humidification a me ke kimu ole i oi aku mamua o 2000 mm o.