Nukelea kuʻi nukeliu. Hou anuanu kuʻi nukeliu. nukelea ikehu

Hou anuanu kuʻi nukeliu hiki ke kapa i anu kuʻi nukeliu. Kona o Mānoa, ke moe i loko o ka feasibility o nukelea kuʻi nukeliu naoh i ia lŘlŘ ma kekahi Nine Inch nenoai. Keia kuhi i nui overheating o ka hana meakino. E like me uaʻike,ʻike mau nukelea naoh ka wā e mālama nei i hana i ka wela a hiki ke anaia miliona degere Kelvin. Hou anuanu kuʻi nukeliu kumumanaʻo 'aʻole i koi ia i ke kiʻekiʻe ana wela.

Lehulehu haʻawina a me ka ike maopopo ana

Ke ao anu kuʻi nukeliu, ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, ua manaoia he epa a maemae. No nā noiʻi mau mea i loko o keia hiki ole ke hoohalikeia me ia. Ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea i hiki i keia wahi o ka 'epekema i ole, ua aʻo a hiki i ka hopena, a me nā mea a pau hiki ole e manao like i kekahi utopia, akā, no ka nui ka epa. Naʻe, i loko o ka moʻolelo o ke anu kuʻi nukeliu mea nō makana ina ole impostors, oe paha Kamehameha.

Kuokoa ana o ka feria-alakaʻi a me ka wahi o ka noʻonoʻo loi, a i undergone anu kuʻi nukeliu enehana, he i ka hoʻolako 'ole' o nā kānakaʻepekema hana ana ma keia kahua lehulehu, e like me na hana e kanaka lapaʻau. Kela manawa, mai 2002, ka hapanuiʻepekema manaoio i ka hana ma luna o kēia pukanaʻaʻohe ka manaʻolana 'ia.

Naʻe, kekahi no ka ho'āʻo 'ana e like naoh mau. No laila, i ka 2008, he Kepani nä känaka 'epekema, mai ke Kulanui o Osaka akea i hōʻike hoʻokolohua, hana me ka electrochemical halepaahao. Ka mea, ua Yoshiaki Arata. Ma hope o ka h ÷ ike ike ana o ka 'epekema kaiāulu ua hou e kamailio e pili ana i ka manawa kūpono' ole impossibility o anuanu kuʻi nukeliu, a hiki i nukelea ke kālaikūlohea. Kekahi kānakaʻepekema, qualifies no nukelea ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kemika, e imi ana e hoaponoia no keia kŰia. A ka mea hana ia ma ka mea i loaʻa i ka wehewehe ole nukelea, a me nā 'ano like. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea i ku pono i ka mea e 'ike e pili ana i ka neutron pāhawewe i kahi e.

History Fleyshmana a Pons

Ke loa moolelo o ka lehulehu ākea o keia mana o ka 'epekema kuhikuhi ana i loko o ka maka o ka mea' ē ma ka hana kupua. Ua pau ka hoʻomaka 'March 23, 1989. Ua i laila i Kumu Martin Fleyshman me kona mau hoapili ia Stenli Ponsom paa i kaomiʻaha kūkā, a i wahi ma ke kulanui kahi chemists i hana, i loko o ka Moku'āina o Utah (USA). Ninau aku la lakou ia mea, he huʻihuʻi kuʻi nukeliu naoh i, ua laweia mai e ka maʻamau uila pono ma ka electrolyte. ua hiki ke kiʻi i ka maikaʻi ikehu hua like me ka hopena o ka naoh, oa wela ma chemists e olelo aku nei ia lakou. Eia hou, ka mea malama i ka nukelea pāhawewe mai ana ka naoh a me ka hiki ana mai o ka electrolyte.

E ka hoakaka literally i hana mai i kekahi furor i loko o ka 'epekema kaiāulu. O ka holo ana, haʻahaʻa-wela nukelea kuʻi nukeliu hua mai la i ka mea päkaukau, hiki radically hoʻololi i ke ao nei a pau. No hou Pono nunui luna 'Nine Inch nenoai, i mea no hoi he nui ka nui o ke kālā, a me ka hopena ma ke ano o ka loaa ana i ka makemake naoh ka wā e makemake ai - Unknown. Inā a pau hookupaa iho la ia Fleyshmana a me Pons ua kakali i ka weliweli wā e hiki mai, a me ka manaʻo kanaka - he nui ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o koina.

Akā, e hana ai i ka palapala noi chemists ua lākou kuhihewa. A, ka mea i ike, paha ka mea nui. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka 'epekema kaiāulu i ole hoʻoholo e e kekahi māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana i ka Media e pili ana i kana mau hana a me discoveries mua' ike e pili ana ia e e paʻiʻia ma ka hana kūikawāʻepekema nā puke. ʻepekema, e hele mai ai koke loaa noʻonoʻo loi, ka mea, ua manaoia heʻano o ka hewa ho'āʻoʻana i loko o ka 'epekema kaiāulu. E like me ka rula, e hana i kekahi puka noiʻi implicitly nae e hai aku i ka mea mua? Iie kaiāulu, a e hooholo ina i ole ia mea he hana mea hou i hana muaʻole oiaio, ina paha he mea e pono ai i mau e ike i ka puka. Mai ka loio i kuanaʻike ka mea, ua manaoia he piha ka hoʻokô 'e malama i mahuka e pili ana i ka hana' ia, a me ka discoverer Pono e hoʻokō me ka waiho ana o kona 'atikala i loko o ka puke, a me ka nui o kona puke. Nukelea ke kālaikūlohea ma keia manao mea i koe.

Fleyshman me kona colleague hoouna mai i kēia 'atikala ma ka' epekema puke, i kapaʻia Nature a mea o ka loa authoritative scientific puke ma luna o ka global pālākiō. A pau na kanaka pili me ka 'epekema, ka mea ike i keia Magazine, aole ia e hoolaha unverified' ike, a me ka hoi hou e ole hoolaha pono kekahi. Martin Fleyshman mua ma ia manawa i manaoia e ia i ka hanohanoʻepekema hana i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka electrochemistry, no laila, hoʻouna 'ia ka' atikala ua ia e hookuu koke. Kēia ka mea i hiki mai ai. mahina ekolu ma hope o ka 'ölelo-ola me ka make e hālāwai kūkā ai ka paʻi i hele mai, akā, i ka hype a puni ka puka, ua i uhai. Paha, nolaila, i ka luna hoʻoponopono o Nature Dzhon Meddoks ma ka kekahi pukana o ka malama Magazine paʻi i kona mau mea pohihihi e pili ana i keia loaʻa Fleyshmana a me Pons, a me ka mea i kā lākou ikehu nukelea naoh i loaa. Ma kona 'atikala, ua palapala mai ia chemists e e hoopaiia no kona premature ke kaikoeke. Aia oe i hai mai ia mau kānakaʻepekema makemake loa ae i ka lehulehu, e haawi publicity i kana hana, a i ka poe hana no laila, e noʻonoʻo i ka olelo adventurers.

Kekahi manawa ma hope, i hana Pons a me Fleyshmanu kekahi puʻupuʻu, i hiki ke kapaia kŘpuna. A helu o noiʻi, mai ka United States o 'Amelika noiʻi kulanui (Hawaii a me California Institute o Technology) alakai,ʻo ia hoʻi, haʻi akula i ka hoʻokolohua chemists, e pili ana like aku ana a me nā kumumea. Naʻe, i ole alakai i nā hualoaʻa ma ka koi Fleyshmanom.

Hiki ole ole i ke Akua?

Mai ia manawa, nui loa iho la he akaka mahele o ka holoʻokoʻa 'epekema kaiāulu i loko o nā wahi hoʻomoana,. Kākoʻo o ka hoomaopopoia'na o nā mea a pau i anu kuʻi nukeliu - keia mea fiction, i mea ma luna o kekahi mea hoʻokumu. Others, nae, nō manaoio i ke anu kuʻi nukeliu mea hiki, i ka ino-ola me ka make chemists nō i ka loaʻa i hiki e ho'ōla hoola i kanaka a pau, e haawi ana ia ia i ka inexhaustible kumu o ka ikehu.

Ka mea i ina pau ka hana i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o hou i kekahi papa hana me ka a e e hiki anu kuʻi nukeliu naoh, a, me, ka waiwai io o ia i ka loaʻa, e e invaluable no nā kānaka a puni ke ao ua kokoke mai a hiki i keia scientific olelo o ka nui a me ka nuiʻepekema, ka hapa o no i ka mea hiki ke noʻonoʻo scams. nui ana e kūkulu i ka pono kekahi kuʻi nukeliu noaioee e hana holoʻokoʻa Hawaii, i hoomaunauna aku ai i ka nunui nui o ke kālā, a me ke anu kuʻi nukeliu mea hiki ke extracting ikehu mea loa na mea a kŘpa a inexpensive mea. I ka mea,ʻo ka poʻe no ko ianei manao i ka mea e pono ai ma ka hoopunipuni, e like me nā mea a pau i ka noʻonoʻo 'kāna hana. I waena o nā kākoʻo o keia hana o ka ikehu? Iecaianoaaiiuo hiki ke loaʻa, a me ka poe a me na mea e ae.

I ka moʻolelo o ke anu kuʻi nukeliu pono ia e komo i loko o ka Archive ai-kapa feria-iao? Moʻolelo. Inā 'oe e nānā i ka hana ana a mākou i loaa i ka ikaika o nukelea kuʻi nukeliu, kuoo nana aku, ka mea hiki ke hoomaopopo ia no ka ai pili aku mau nā'ātoma i loko o ka nui nui o ka ikehu ua koi' ia. He mea pono e lanakila i ka pou e kū'ē'ē mai. I ka lalo o? Ieoaeunoai ma ka manawa o ka lahui kuʻi nukeliu mīkini'ātoma, a e ke kai piha ma Cadarache ma Farani? Oaony e hoʻomaka i ka huiʻana o nā nā'ātoma, a nō ka hoa o ka? Ueony ma ka ano. E like me ka hopena o ia me ka hui ua manaoia i ka maikaʻi ikehu hoʻomehana honua. Kēia mau nā'ātoma - tritium a me ka deuterium. Ka mea, nā isotopes o ka hydrogen, no laila, hydrogen nukelea kuʻi nukeliu e ia i ke kumu. E hoʻokō e like me ka pili, ia mea e pono hiki wela - haneri o ka miliona o degere. O ka holo ana, keia e noi aku, a me ka alahula mau puʻe. No keia kumu, he nui nä känaka 'epekema a me ka manaoio i ka hiki ole anu kuʻi nukeliu e lāʻau.

Successes a me ka hoʻolako 'ole'

Naʻe, i ka hoaponoia o ka hoʻololi kemikala ma lalo noonoo E ke kaulana i loaʻa i ole kanaka wale me delusions a me scammers, akā, mau loea, i loa maʻamau i waena o kona mau kânaka. Ma hope iho o ka olelo ana Fleyshmana a me Pons, a me ka holo pono o ko lākou puka helu o nā kānakaʻepekema, a noiʻi hui ua hoomau e komo i loko o kēia ao. Aia ua 'aneʻi, a me ka poe akamai i Lūkini, ka mea i lawe kūpono ho'āʻo. A me ka hoihoi 'mea o ua mau mea i loko o kekahi mau hihia i pau ai me ka pomaikai nui, a ma kekahi - ole.

Eia naʻe, 'epekema mea pololei: ina he ua lilo i ka loaʻa, a me ka hoʻokolohua ua i ka pomaikai, e pono e hai hou me ka maikaʻi result. Inā ia mea ole, e like me ka loaʻa makemake ole e ike ia e kekahi mea. A, i ka repetition o ka holomua hoʻokolohua hiki ole ke hana, a me ka noiʻi lakou iho. Ma kekahi mau hihia, e hana ia, i loko o ka 'ē aʻe - i. No ka mea, o ka mea e hele ana ma, i kekahi hiki ke hoomaopopo aku, aohe mea koe, aohe scientifically-ma muli kumu no kēia ee iaaanu aey.

Na keia inventor a me ka ano akamai

Ma nā mea a pau i ka luna o nā moʻolelo a me Fleyshmanom Pons a me he mea kekahiʻaoʻao o ke dala, e ia ka uku, ke akahele ka mea huna i ka oiaio Western'āina. Ka mea i Stanley Pons, ua mamua he kamaaina o ka USSR. I ka 1970, oia ua he lâlâ 'o ka mea akamai no makeup kapaia thermionic mea hoʻonoho. O ka holo ana, Pons ua kuhina i na mea huna o ka Soviet moku'āina, a emigrated i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, ho'āʻo e hoʻokō ia.

He paionia 'oiaʻiʻo ka mea i loaʻa i kekahi mau successes i loko o ke anu nukelea kuʻi nukeliu, ua Ivan Stepanovich Filimonenko.

Pōkole 'ike e pili ana i ka Soviet nä känaka' epekema

JS Filimonenko make i ka 2013. He ua he haumana i aneane pani a pau 'ana o ka nukelea mana, i ole wale o kona aupuni akā, i nā hualoaʻa a. Ua i ka mea nana kokoke i ka mea hoʻonoho o nukelea anu kuʻi nukeliu, a, e like nukelea mana mea kanu makemake e oi palekana a me ka loa nike. Ma waho aʻeo ia keia mea hoʻonoho, he Soviet nä känaka 'epekema i hana i ka lele mīkini, ma muli o ka rula o ka antigravity. He Ua ikeia me he debunker o ka hūnā he pilikia i ke lawe mai manaʻo kanaka i ka nukelea mana oihana puolo. Nä känaka 'epekema e hana ana i loko o ka hoomalu ana hana o ka USSR, ua he me kēia, a he akamai i ka pāhawewe maluhia. He noteworthy i kekahi o na hana o Academician, a me ke anu kuʻi nukeliu Filimonenko nō hoʻolaha. Ivan Stepanovich ua he pololei aku i komo i loko o ka hanaia'na o ka hydrogen, nukelea a me ka neutron hopeʻia, hana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka nukelea reactors hoʻololi i kēia e ho'āla ai rockets i loko o ka lewa.

A hāpai i ka Soviet academician

I ka 1957, Ivan Filimonenko nui ka mana mea kanu o ke anu nukelea kuʻi nukeliu, ma i ka aina e e hiki, e hoola mai ai i ekolu haneri ieeeea dala o ka makahiki, ana ia i loko o ka ikehu kaiaulu. Ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke nä känaka 'epekema i kope ikaika kākoʻo ma ka moku'āina, e like me ka pono me ka pono-ike kālaiʻike kookoo like Kurchatov, Keldysh, Korolev. Hou Aey? Acaeoey o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, a lawe mai Filimonenko e pau moku'āina sanctioned ana Ilamuku Zhukov ia ia iho. Opening Ivan Stepanovich i ke kumu, mai i ka mea i extracted maemae nukelea ikehu, a me ka hou, ka mea hiki ke kōkua i ke loaa ka palekana mai nukelea pāhawewe, a hoʻopau i nā hopena o radioactive mea hoʻohaumia.

Wehe mai ka hana Filimonenko

He hiki ia ma hope o kekahi mau manawa o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i i e Ivan Filimonenko i ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole, a me ka manaʻo kanaka makemake pakele o na pilikia. Akā, hoʻopaʻi i loko o ka maka o kekahi kanaka kauoha ole. Kona nā hoapili Kurchatov a me Korolev make, a me ka Ilamuku Zhukov haʻalele. Kēia i ka hoʻomaka o ka ai-kapa hihiu-, e hoohuli i loko o ka 'epekema kaiāulu. Ka hopena Ua noho a pau hana Filimonenko, a ma ka makahiki 1967 i hiki mai ai i kona hoʻokuʻu. ua Additional kumu no ka hana i ka pono-hewaʻiʻo nä känaka 'epekema a me kona mau paio no ka hopena i nukelea mea kaua e ho'āʻo ai. Kana mau hana ia mau ua kūkākūkāʻia ino, waiho wale aku, a me ka ano a me ka pololei i kanaka a me kona waiho 'ana i papani ai hoi i na mea he nui, i ke kumuhana e ho'āla ai rockets i loko o ka lewa me ka nukelea reactors (kekahi ulia i kekahi rocket ia i wahi i loko o ka Astronomical, hiki ke hooweliweli i ka radioactive mea hoʻohaumia o ka honua a pau). Ua haawiia na lima lāhui kanaka e e ho onui ana momentum ana Academician Filimonenko lilo objectionable i kekahi poʻe kiʻekiʻe. Kona mana eiiieaena e loaʻa, e hoole aku paha i na kanawai o ke ano, ke nä känaka 'epekema kī a ua kipakuia mai ka Communist Party a me ka nele o nā kaua, a nui hai aku i ka mentally deranged kanaka.

Ua i loko o ka weuweu eighties - i ka hoʻomaka o ka nineties ka hana o academician hana hou ia,? Ac? Hou hoʻokolohua pono, akā, e i nā mea a pau i lawe mai ai i ka maikaʻi hopena ua ole. Ivan Filimonenko hāpai i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana 'ana i kona lawe lima pa alima no ka mea o ke kāpaeʻana i ka hopena o Chernobyl, akā, ka mea i hooleia. I ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1968 a hiki i 1989, ua wehe 'Filimonenko mai kekahi ikea ai a me ka hana ana i ke anu kuʻi nukeliu, a me ka lakou? Acaeoey, kiʻikuhi, a kauōʻia mai me kekahi Soviet akeakamai poe hana, he mau'āina'ē.

I ke kakahiaka nui 90s kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i hoike holomua na pilikia ma a lakou i allegedly loaa nukelea ikehu like me ka hopena o ke anu kuʻi nukeliu. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i ke kaʻao Soviet nä känaka 'epekema hou hoʻomanaʻo aʻela i kona moku'āina. He Ua hoihoi hou ia ma kona wahi, akā, ka mea i ole ke kōkua. Ma ka manawa o ka Soviet Union hoomaka ae la e disintegrate, hoʻolako 'ia o ua kaupalena, niioaaonoaaiii, a me ka ole o ka hopena, he. E like me ia i ho'ākāka 'hope ma ka hālāwai ninaninau me Ivan Stepanovich, no ka mea, ka hoʻomauʻana, a ma ka mea ia manawa pomaikai ole ka ho'āʻo' ana o na mea he nuiʻepekema mai a puni ke ao nei e loaa maikaʻi hopena o ke anu kuʻi nukeliu, ka mea ike i ole ia i kekahi e e hiki ke ike ia ma. A me, nō,ʻo ia i hai aku i ka oiaio. Mai ka makahiki 1991 a hiki i 1993, ua loaa US noiʻi ka mea hoʻonoho Filimonenko, a hiki i maopopo pehea kona mau hana, a hiki ma hope o ka makahiki, a 'aʻole dismantled ia. I ka makahiki 1996, i ka influential kanaka o ka Amerika Huipuia, i kaumaha aku ai i Ivan Stepanovich haneri miliona dala pono no ka mea i ka mea hoomakaukau ia me ka'ōlelo aʻo, wehewehe ana i ka mīkini'ātoma anu kuʻi nukeliu, i ka i ana i hōʻole.

Ke ae pā o Soviet academician ho okolohua

Ivan Filimonenko ma ia mea i loaʻa i ka decomposition o laila,-kapa wai kaumaha ma electrolysis ia decomposes i loko o oxygen, a deuterium. Ka la mahope, i ka huli, ua mea hoʻoheheʻe ma ka palladium cathode, kahi hoʻomōhala nukelea kuʻi nukeliu naoh. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka ahaʻia Filimonenko i haawi mai i ka wa e kaawale aku o nā radioactive neoneo a me ka neutron pāhawewe. Eia hou, e like me ka hopena o kona mau ho okolohua, Ivan Stepanovich loaʻa i kona nukelea kuʻi nukeliu mīkini'ātoma kī ana pāhawewe loa, a me keia nui ho'ēmi i kā ke ea puka o ka hapa-ola o radioactive isotopes. I ua offset ma ka mea hoʻohaumia.

Ua Ua manaoio ia Filimonenko i ka manawa hoole e puku i kona nukelea mīkini'ātoma mea hoʻonoho ma ka lola honua hale kamala, aʻo ai i ka mea kiʻekiʻe alakaʻi o ka USSR i loko o ka hanana o nukelea kaua. I ia mau lā, ai ka makani ino i ka Cuban Kao lele lako kaua ulia, a no ia mea, ua he kiʻekiʻe loa manawa kūpono o kona hoomaka ana. Noho i loko o ka rula ana koʻikoʻi a hanohano o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me ka Soviet Union mea i loko o kēia mau lola honua kulanakauhale haumia ea mai nukelea reactors makemake nō e pepehi i na mea ola i kekahi mau mahina ma hope. Komo mīkini'ātoma Filimonenko anu kuʻi nukeliu ke hana i ka maluhia oo? O radioactive mea hoʻohaumia, no laila, inā hooholo academician i keia, hiki ke hoonuiia ka pahiki o ke kaua nukelea mau-pa. Inā keia uaʻiʻo i ka hihia, 'auʻa' ia no nā mea a pau i ka hoʻokō kuleana, a hou repression loaʻa lākou rationale.

pumehana kuʻi nukeliu

JS Filimonenko hydrolysis thermal ea puka mana kanu i ua hana, i mea loa maemae. A hiki i kēia manawa i kekahi i hele pu ole e hana i kekahi like mea like TEGEU. Ke pā like o ka mea kanu, a ma ka mea ia manawa, e like 'ē aʻe like' iniha, ua i ka mea i ka mea, ua ole ia nukelea reactors, a me ka mea hoʻonoho o nukelea kuʻi nukeliu 'ia ma kaʻawelike o ka 1150 degere. No laila, i kēia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i ua kapa ka mehana Kāu Mau Koho Paʻamau nukelea kuʻi nukeliu. Ma ka hopena o eighties ma lalo o ke kapikala, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Podolsk, ua hanaia ke 3 o ka mea hoʻonoho. Soviet academician Filimonenko i pololei loa ma keia, mālama 'ana i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa. Power o kēlā me kēia TEGEU ua 12,5 kW, e like me ka papa kuhikuhi wahie i hoʻohana 'ia ma ka wai kaumaha. Just kekahi kilogram no kona naoh produces ikehu like paha i ka mea i hiki ke loaa ma ka ahi mau miliona kilograms o ke kakolina! Kēia wale olelo o ka buke a me ka nui o na hana o ke nä känaka 'epekema nui, i ke anu nukelea kuʻi nukeliu reactions hoʻomohalaʻia e ia ke lawe mai i ka makemake hopena.

Pela, ma keia manawa,ʻaʻole iʻikeʻia no kekahi, ina paha i ka akau, e noho ai,ʻaʻole anuanu kuʻi nukeliu. He hiki i ina ia he ole ka repression o keia ano akamai o ka 'epekema Filimonenko, ke ao nei i keia la i mea ole pela, a me ke ola expectancy ana o kanaka ke mahuahua ma kekahi mau manawa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, a hiki ina Ivan Filimonenko olelo i radioactive pāhawewe - i ke kumu o ke kanaka a me ka poe oo hoi i make. He ka pāhawewe i kēia manawa, ua literally mai'ō a'ō,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka nui kulanakauhale, ua 'aʻe kanaka chromosomes. Malia paha i ka ke kumu Bible huapalapala noho hoʻokahi tausani makahiki, mai ka manawa o ka meaʻino wale i ka pāhawewe paha i ole nei.

Kauia academician Filimonenko mea hoʻonoho ma ka lōʻihi māpuna ke hoomaemae iho i ka Honua o kēia pepehi i na contaminants, ma ka hou ina ka inexhaustible kumu o nike ikehu. Like ia paha ole, manawa e hai aku, akā, ia mea he aloha i keia manawa aole hiki e hehi ma luna o.