'O ke kino o ka wai

'O ka waiwai o kekahi wai e'ike ai i ka mea hiki ke pale i kahi ho'oku'u li'ili'i a i'ole ka wehe'ana o kāna mau mea pono'ī, kahi i ho'omaopopo i ka mana'o o ka viscosity o ka wai. 'O ke'ano physicchemical o kēia waiwai ke kau nei i loko o ka ho'oulu'ana o kekahi mau pu'upu'u o loko i waena o nā molekino, a ma muli o ke'ano o nā pu'upu'u o ke kinikaliki.

'O ka mea'oia'i'o,'o ka nui o ka mamao o ka mamao ma waena o nā moleleka he mea li'ili'i loa ia, a no laila ke emi'ole lākou i ka'ōmole, ke'ōlelo, nā mole mole o ke kinoea. 'O ka ho'okomo'ana i kahi papa'ē a'e ke hiki wale nō ia me ke kau'ana i loko o kekahi wahi kūpono, lawa no ka mole wai e komo i laila. 'O ka ho'okumu'ia'ana o ia'ano kelepona e ho'opau i kekahi ikehu, e like me ka ho'onui'ana i ka mahana a me ka emi'ana o ka pihi a me ka hakahaka.

I ka lā, ka mea e e ike i ka ikaika 'epekema pähola' o keia kŰia i ole i ua hoʻokumu.

'O nā mea nui e hō'ike ana i ka viscosity o ka wai,'o ia ka heluna ho'okūkū, i hō'ike'ia e μ, a me ka mea'ē a'e, ka helu kinematic, i hō'ike'ia e ν.

No ke ana'ana i ka nui o ka hō'ailona ho'okūkū i kahi GHS metall, ua ho'ohana'ia kahi pu'i (P), i like me: 1 dyne × s / cm2 = 1 g / cm · ss). I ka papahana ICGSS, ua ana'ia kēia helu helu i kilokila • s / m2; A ma ke 'ano SI ma'amau - ma Pa • x. Hiki ke ho'okūpa'a i ka matematika i ka mālama'ia'ana o kēia mau mea ma waena o lākou iho. Eia kēia mau mea: 1 П he 0.0101 kgf · s / m2, a he 0.1 Pa · x s. Eia hou, 1 kgf • x s / m2 = 98.1 P, oia 9.81 Pa • x s.

By ka haʻilula: ν = μ / ρ hiki e huli i ka kinematic (viscosity) o ka loli, a me kona pa alima o ka Stokes (knm ma CGS'ōnaehana), i mea like me 1 cm2 / mau. Ma nā pūnaehana'ē a'e - ICGSS a me SI, ua ho'ohana'ia kahi'āpana o 1 m2 / s e ana i kēia heluna,'o ia'o 10,000 Art.

'O ke'ano ma'amau ka'oi'ana o ka mahana, pi'i ka viscosity o ka wai. Kēia kaukaʻi o hōʻeuʻeu kaʻi lau waiwai hoʻoholo ma ka helu kaulike μ = μ0 • E m i ka (, t-t0), a e hōʻike ana: μ a me ka μ0 - e like kaʻi lau waiwai aiee i hāʻawi mahana 'ole a me ka t0, a - he exponent kona waiwai me ka nānā' ana i nā 'ano o ka loli wale, A he loli ia, no ka la'ana, no nā'aila,'o kona koina nui mai ke 0.025 a hiki i ka 0.035.

Aia kekahi hopena o kēia hua'ōlelo ma ka ho'omehana honua. He mea nui loa kēia i ka wā e hele mai ai ka'aila ai'ole nā lubricants e ho'ohana'ia ana i nā lako mechanical mechanical, nā hō'ili'ili, nā mīkini. 'O ke kumu no kēia ho'opuka'ana i ke'ano: νt = x x 50 • x (50 / t0) n. Hō'ike'ia: νt ke kumu kū'ai o ka helu kinematic no kekahi o ka palena wela kūpono, ν x 50 ke kumukū'ai o ka heluna i kahi mahana o 50 ° C,'o ka pāmahana kahi e pono ai mākou e ho'oholo i ka helu kaulike, n ka'ano o nā mea wai i ho'ololi'ia ma muli o 'O ke anuanu, a ma ke kumu kū'ai o ν x 50.

Hiki hiki ke helu i ke kumu o n me ka ho'ohana'ana i ke kumu n = lg x 50 + 2,7. I'ole e hana i nā helu ma kēlā me kēia hihia,'o nā koina o n, e ho'omaopopo ana i ka viscosity mua o ka wai ma 50 ° C, e ho'emi'ia i kahi papa'aina. Ho'onui kēia i ka papa helu helu.

Eia kekahi, aia kahi papa'aina o ka viscosity o nā wai, e hō'ike ana i nā'ikepili a me nā hō'ailona kūlike o nā helina dynamic a me nā kinematic no kekahi'ano o nā wai.

'O ka ho'oholo pololei'ana i nā kumukū'ai e'ike ana i ka viscosity o ka wai he mea nui loa ia, no laila,'o ka pono a me ka lō'ihi o nā'ano mechanical e ho'ohana'ia ana ma ka hana a me ka home e hilina'i ana.