'O nā haku mele Lūkini o ka 20st century. Ho'onohonoho'ana i nā po'omana'o o 19-20 mau kenekulia

Ua'ōlelo ka mea kākau nui Rusia, Maxim Gorky, "ma ka papa palapala o ka 1900, ka nui o nā mana'o o ka'uhane, ka mana'o a me nā na'au o nā mea'anaka'oia'i'o e kau'ia." Hō'ike'ia kēia ma nā palapala a nā mea kākau mo'olelo o ka 20st century. Ma hope o ka ho'okahuli o 1905, ka Mō'ī Mua Mua a me ke Kaua Honua, ua ho'omaka ka honua e wāwahi. Ua hiki mai ka paio ka pilikanaka, a'o ka pilikia e ho'iho'i i nā mea a pau e kau i ka puke. I Rusia, ho'omaka ka mana'o no'ono'o kū'oko'a, nā hanana hou o nā ki'i, nā mea kākau a me nā haku mele o ka 20st century i ho'onui i ka waiwai a ha'alele i ka pono kahiko.

He aha ka mea, nā palapala i ka manawa o ke kenekulia?

Ma kahi o ka classicism i ka hana i hele mai i kēia manawa, ua hiki ke ho'oka'awale'ia i loko o nā lālā he nui: hō'ailona, acmeism, futurism, mana'o. Ho'omaka ka ho'omau'ana i ka ho'omau'ana i ka'ōnaehana o ke kanaka, e like me kona pilikanaka; Socialist realism i ole ae noʻonoʻo loi o na Aupuni, no laila, i nā mea kākau i loko o kona hana ho'āʻo nei,ʻaʻole i ho'āla kālai'āina nīnūnē. Ma hope o nā makahiki gula, ua ukali'ia ke kālā me kona mau mana'o wiwo'ole hou a me nā mea like'ole. Ua kākau'ia nā po'omana'o o nā poets o ka 20st e like me kekahi'ano holo a me ke'ano: no ka mea,'o Mekikovsky ka mea i kākau'ia ma ke kākau'ana i kahi alapili, no Khlebnikov - kāna mau kumuhana nui, no Severyanin - he mele'ano'ē'ole.

Mai ka Futurism i ka Ho'okumu Pūkino

Ma ka hō'ailona, ho'onanea ka po'ene i kona maka i kekahi hō'ailona, he hint, no laila hiki ke ho'onui'ia ke'ano o ka hana. 'O nā luna nui'o Zinaida Gippius, Alexander Blok, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Ua huli mau lākou i nā mana'o mau loa, i ka huli'ana i ka mo'omeheu. I ka makahiki 1910, aia kahi pilikia o ka hō'ailona - ua ho'opau'ia nā mana'o a pau, a'a'ole hiki i ka mea heluhelu ke loa'a hou kahi mea hou i nā mele.

Ua hō'ole loa'o Futurism i nā ku'una kahiko. I ka unuhi'ana,'o ka hua'ōlelo'o "ke'ano o ka wā e hiki mai ana", ua ho'okipa ka po'e kākau'ōlelo i ka lehulehu me ka hō'ike, ka wilawī a me ka māmā. 'O nā po'emaka o nā'elele o kēia kūlana - Vladimir Mayakovsky lāua'o Osip Mandelstam - ua'ike'ia i kahi mele a me nā casalisms (ka'ōlelo a ka mea kākau'ōlelo).

Ua ho'okumu'ia ka 'ao'ao Socialist i kona pahuhopu i ka ho'ona'auao' ana o ka po'e hana ma ka 'uhane o ka ho'omana. Ua hō'ike nā mea kākau i ke kūlana kūikawā o ke kaiaulu i ka ulu o ka ho'oikaika. 'O nā po'emana'o'o Marina Tsvetaeva i mahalo nui'ia, a mai nā kākau kākau Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Yevgeny Zaminatin.

Mai ka'āhemu i ka Pelekane hou

Ua ala a'e ka mana'o i Rusia i nā makahiki mua ma hope o ka ho'okahuli. 'Oiai na'e,'a'ole i hō'ike'o Sergei Esenin lāua'o Anatoly Mariengof i nā mana'o o ka nohona pili aupuni a me ka politika i kā lākou hana. Ua'ōlelo nā luna o kēia alaka'i i nā poemē he pono e no'ono'o, no laila,'a'ole lākou i pale i nā metaphors, nā epithets a me nā kumu hana'ē a'e.

Ua ho'ololi nā luna o ka haku mele pule hou i kā lākou mau hana i nā mo'olelo ku'una, mahalo i ke'ano nohona o ke kaiaulu. 'O ia ka mea kākau Lūkini'o ka Sergei Yesenin o ka 20st century. He ma'ema'e kāna mau poem a'uhane, a'o ka mea kākau i ha'i'ia i loko o lākou ke'ano a me ka hau'oli kanaka ma'alahi, e pili ana i nā mo'olelo a Alexander Pushkin a me Mikhail Lermontov. Ma hope o ka ho'okahuli o ka makahiki 1917, ua ho'ololi'ia kahi hoihoi nui e ka hō'ino.

'O ka hua'ōlelo "acmeism" ma ka unuhi'ana,'o ia ho'i, "ka manawa ulu". Nā haku mele o ka 20th kenekulia, Nikolai Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam a me Sergey Gorodetsky i loko o kāna hana hoʻi i ka mea i hala, a Rusia aloha i ka hauoli contemplation o ke ola, mōakaaka ana o ka manaʻo, pono io a me ka brevity. Ua like lākou me ke'ano o ka pilikia, ua holo pololei i lalo, me ka maopopo e hiki'ole ke ho'omaopopo'ia ka'ike'ole.

Ho'okumu i nā'ike mele a me nā na'au o nā po'a mele Bunin

'O'Ivan Alekseevich he mea po'ene e noho nei ma ka huina o nā'elua, a no laila, ma kāna hana i hō'ike i kekahi o nā'ike i pili i ka ho'omaka o ka manawa hou, akā, ua ho'omau'o ia i ka mo'omeheu Pushkin. Ma ka poem "Aloha" ke ho'omaopopo aku nei i ka mea heluhelu e'olu'olu'ole ka waiwai i ka waiwai, akā i loko o ka noho kanaka: "Ke'ike nei wau, ke lohe nei au, ua hau'oli au - aia nā mea a pau i loko o'u." Ma nā hana'ē a'e, hiki i ka mea ho'okani kani ke ho'omana'o i ke ola o ke ola, a lilo ia i kumu no ke kaumaha.

Ke hana nei'o Bunin i nā hana kākau ma Rusia a me nā'āina'ē, kahi i loa'a ai i nā po'e po'omana'o o ka ho'omaka'ana o ka 20st century ke ho'ololi. Ma Paris, mana'o'o ia e like me kahi malihini - "he manu ka punana, he holoholona ka holoholona," a nalowale kona'āina hānau. Ua'ike'o Bunin i kāna ola ma ke tālena: i ka makahiki 1933, loa'a iā ia ka makana no ka Nobel, akā ma Rusia, ua mana'o'ia'o ia he'enemi o nā kānaka, akā,'a'ole lākou e ho'ōla i ka pa'i'ana.

'O ka poet, ka poet, a me ke ku'i

He mea mana'o'o Sergei Yesenin a'a'ole'o ia i haku i nā hua'ōlelo hou, akā,'o nā hua'ōlelo make i ola, e ho'opa'a ana iā lākou i nā ki'i mele. Mai ke kula i kaulana'o ia ma ke'ano he kanaka kolohe a mālama i kēia'ano maika'i i kona ola a pau, he mau hale pule ma'amau ia, he kaulana no kāna'oihana aloha. Aka hoi, ka mea, ua passionately leʻaleʻa o kona'āina: "au E mele me kaʻu i nā mea a pau he haku mele-ono o ka aina me ka inoa Hula" Rus "- he nui haku mele o ka 20th kenekulia kaʻana i kona mahalo no i kona'āina hānau. Ka philosophical Lyrics Esenina hōʻike i ka pilikia o ke kanaka ola ma hope o 1917 o ka haku mele Mohai. 'O ka ho'okahuli, no ka mea, ma kahi o ka paradaiso lō'ihi, ua like ke ola me ka pō.

'O ka pō, ke alanui, ke kukui alanui, ka lā'au lapa'au ...

'O Alexander Blok ka mea kākau po'okela loa o Rusia o ka 20st century, nāna i kākau i ka kuhikuhi'ana o "hō'ailona". He mea maika'i e nānā i ke'ano o ka hō'ili'ili'ana i ka hō'ili'ili aia kekahi'ano ho'ololi o ke ki'i wahine: mai ka Beautiful Lady i ka mea aloha Carmen. Inā ma mua e wehewehe'o ia i ke aloha o kāna aloha, e mālama iā ia me ka'oia'i'o a'a'ole ho'i e'ae i ka hō'ino'ana, a ma hope aku ua'ike'ia nā kaikamāhine iā ia he mau mea'ē a'e. Ma o ka honua nani o Romanticism, loa'a kona mana'o, ma hope o ka hopena o nā pilikia o ke ola, e pane i kāna mau mele i nā hanana i kū i ka lehulehu. Ma ka po'omana'o "He'umikumamālua"'o ia e hō'ike ana i ka loiloi'a'ole ka hopena o ke ao nei, a'o ka pahuhopu nui'o ka luku'ia'ana o ka mea kahiko a me ka ho'okumu'ana i ke ao hou. Mana'o nā mea heluhelu i ka Blok'o ia ka mea kākau o ka poem "Night, Street, Lantern, Pharmacy ...", a no'ono'o'o ia i ke'ano o ke ola.

'Elua wahine kākau kākau

'O nā mea loea a me nā haku mele o ke kenekulia 20, he mau kānaka nui lākou, a ua hō'ike'ia kā lākou talena ma o ka mea i kapa'ia. Ua hana nā wāhine iā lākou iho, ma lalo o ka mana o ko lākou'ano pono'ī, a'o ka poeteni po'okela loa o ka makahiki kālā'o Anna Akhmatova lāua'o Marina Tsvetaeva. Ka mua i ka wahine o Nikolaya Gumileva, a me ko laua hoao ana i hanau i ke kākau moʻolelo kaulana Lev Gumilyov. Anna Akhmatova i i hōʻike pono i loko o ka ka eha -No- - kona poem hiki ole ke waiho i ka mele, i ka mea o ka noʻeauʻana , he pohihihi keia. 'O ka ma'amau o ka'ōma'oma'a a me ka hina i ka wehewehe'ana,'o ka mea'ilihune a me ka'ōlohi'ole o nā mea i loa'a i ka mea heluhelu a'ae'ia e hō'ike i ke'ano'oia'i'o o ka poetess i pakele i ke kāko'o o kāna kāne.

'O ka hopena o Marina Tsvetaeva he pō'ino. Ua puka 'o ia mai he pepehi anaʻia iā iho, a me nā mahina ma hope o kona make ana, i pana aku la ia e kana kane Sergei Efron. No ka po'e heluhelu e ho'omana'o mau'ia ana e kahi wahine li'ili'i, e pili pū me ke'ano ma nā pili koko. I nā manawa a pau i kāna hana,'ike'ia ke'ano o ka lehu o ka mauna, ka mea i komo mau loa i ka'elele o kāna mele: "Ua ho'ou'ia ka'ōpala o ka lā'au, ua hina ka lau." Ua hānau'ia au. "

He aha nā poemana'o pohihihi'ole o nā kenekulia 19-20?

I ke kenekulia hou, ua'āpono'ia ka haku peni a me ka hua'ōlelo hou a me nā papahana o kā lākou mau hana. Ua mālama'ia nā poem-'elele i nā mea kākau a i'ole mau hoaaloha. Pa'i'o Imagist Vadim Shershenevich i kāna hana "Toast". 'A'ole'o ia e kau i kahi hō'ailona helu ma laila,'a'ole'o ia e waiho i nā āhewa ma waena o nā hua'ōlelo, akā'o kāna'ike kumu i loko o kekahi: e nānā ana i ka kikokikona me nā maka mai kahi laina a laina, hiki iā'oe ke'ike i ke'ano o kekahi o nā huapalapala e ho'opuka ana i ka hua'ōlelo i waena o nā hua'ōlelo'ē a'e: Valery Bryusov mai ka mea kākau .

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'O ka ho'ohālike'ana o nā poets o ka 20st century i ka ho'ohālikelike me kāna'ike. Ua ho'omana'o'o Vladimir Mayakovsky i ka hana'ana i kahi'ano hou o stanza - "alapili". Ua kākau ka poetō i ka mele i kekahi manawa, akā,'ōlelo iki'o ia i ke aloha; Ua a'o'ia'o ia he mele kaulana loa, i pai'ia e nā milioni, ua aloha ka po'e i aloha iā ia no kona weliweli a me ka hana hou.