Ohm ka kānāwai no ka paʻa kaapuni

Kekahi poe e koho i ka hoʻoponopono a me ka malama ana o pou nā mea hoʻonoho koʻu hana kūikawā, ua pono-ike hoike ana o na kumu: "kānāwai Ohm ka no ka paʻa kaapuni oe pono e ike. ʻO ana i loko o ka po, ia mea nui ia e hiki ke formulate ia. No ka mea, o ke kumu o nā mea a pau uila wilikî. " Aia hoʻi, ke regularity loaa he poʻokela German physicist Georgom Simonom Ohm, i alakaʻi ai i ka hope kūpono 'ana o ka' epekema o ka uila.

I ka 1826 makahiki, e mālama nei ho okolohua e noiʻi i ka hooholo ia o ka uila pono ma ke alakaʻi mele, Ohm hōʻike i ka pololei pilina ma waena o ka mana pono lako i ka huakai kaapuni mana lako anakahi uila (koe ma keia hihia hou pololei i ka olelo o ka electromotive ikaika EMF) a me ka ia'ku o ke alakaʻi mele wale. Kaukaʻi Ua theorized like me ka hopena ikea Ohm ka kānāwai no ka paʻa kaapuni. An pono: ai ka pilina o ka hōʻike 'kahua kānāwai mea i pololei ia wale nō i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka mawaho hōʻoni poe ikaika no lakou. Ma na olelo e ae, ina, no ka mea hoike, i ke alakaʻi mele i loko o ka alternatingʻume mākenēki kahua, pololei noi o ka hoʻomanaʻo ole i ke Akua.

Ohm ka kānāwai no ka mea paʻa huakai kaapuni i ua hōʻike 'ia ma ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka simplest manaʻo: he mana kahi (ka emf) o kona maʻi elua a hiki i ka mea pale mū holapū i conductors, ma a he mea he kuhikuhi holo o kula haʻahaʻaa (particles) ke kauoha nā moku halihali mokulele. Nolaila, i ka pono o ka lākiō o electromotive poe a pau e ka huina ia'ku o ka huakai kaapuni.

I = E / R,

kahi E - ka electromotive ikaika o ka mana lako, ana i loko o volts; I - papa, ma amperes; R - uila mea pale mū holapū, ma ohms. E noke i Ohm ka kānāwai no ka paʻa kaapuni i loko o ka mooolelo a pau eiiiiiaiou o R. Ma ka ho ok ÷ paʻa kaapuni ma ka mea pale mū holapū R ike dala resistivity alakaʻi mele (R), i ka mana kumu (r0). Ia mea:

I E / (R + R + r0) =.

Inā ke kipi ia'ku o ke kumu r0 oi aku ma mua o ka huina R + R, ka he 'aʻole i hilinaʻi ma luna o nā' ano o ka pili haawe ana. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ke kumu anakahi uila ma keia hihia o ka ʻikena kahi. Inā ka waiwai o r0 mea uuku ma mua o R + R, ka he mea inversely hapaʻauhau i ka huina mawaho ia'ku, a me ka mana kumu paha ke he anakahi uila.

I ka hana pololei hoʻomaulia lawe i loko o hookolokoloia'na lakou ia a hiki i ke anakahi uila poho ma na ami. An electromotive ikaika ua nānā 'ia e ana i ka Loaʻaʻia likeʻole ma o ka mana maʻi ma ka disconnected haawe (hamama puni).

Ohm ka kānāwai no ka subcircuit hoʻohana like pinepine me ka paʻa loop. Ke koena unuhi mea i ka i ka ho omaulia, aole ia i lawe i loko o ka nui o ka EMF, akā, wale i ka Loaʻaʻia like. Oia ka hoohalua ua kapaia homogeneous. Ma keia hihia, aia mea he kūikawā hihia, a e leie aku e hoʻomaulia i nā 'ano o ka pou kaapuni ma kela a me keia o kona oihana mua. E kakau ia i loko o ka palapala o ka haʻilula:

I = U / R;

kahi U - anakahi uila a me ka Loaʻaʻia koena unuhi i loko o volts. Ua Ua ana ma ka voltmeter i pili i loko o laua i na maʻi o probes o kekahi hehee ai (ia'ku). Na kūpono U-waiwai mea mau emi ma mua o ka EMF.

Maoli, ka mea, ua i kēia haʻilula o ka loa kaulana. Ike i kekahi mau eiiiiiaiou o ka haʻilula, e hiki ke loaʻa i ke kolu. I ka ho omaulia i puhi ai a me nā kumu hana ma ke kumu o ke kānāwai i loko o ka pae'āina.

Ohm ka kānāwai no kaʻume mākenēki kaapuni mea pili kēia like me kona ano o ka pila nui huakai kaapuni. Ma kahi o ka paʻaʻume mākenēki kaapuni alakaʻi mele ua hoʻohana 'ia, i ke kumu o ka'ōwili hao o Kahualoa Kokohi me kaʻikena hala ma nāʻanuʻu. Alaila, he mea heʻume mākenēki koko e pani ma kaʻume mākenēki huakai kaapuni. ʻume mākenēki koko (F), ai hoʻolahaʻia ma ke ala pono hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka waiwai MDS (magnetomotive ikaika) a me ia'ku o ka mea hele i kaʻume mākenēki koko:

F = F / RM;

kahi F -ʻume mākenēki koko ma Weber; F - MDS ma amperes (kekahi manawa Gilbert); RM - ia'ku, e kauoha ana attenuation.