Page mōʻaukala o ka Apana World War: he kaua pahu o Senno, July 1941

A i wahi July 6-10, 1941 kaua o Senno (Lepel ole counterattack) koeʻaneʻane i ike ole i ka mamo, eia nae o ka helu ana o poʻina nalu komo i loko o ia mea ma luna o ka unahiʻole, i like no me ka kaua o Prokhorovka i ke kaua o Kursk. Like pono me nā hana o ka Army Ula o ka wā, kēia hana i kekahi hoʻokuʻikahi hoao e hooki i ka German mua ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua o ka Nui Patriotic War. Pili kēia i ka holo pono ma Belarus ka mea, ua koe undeservedly kākaʻikahi i hoike ia Episode wela kau-Akuma ka kai eʻe o ka 1941 o ka Soviet counterattack.

hana ana

Ke kaua koko o Senno i ka hope hoao ana o ka Red Army e counterattack kapa kila naehana. Ma hope iho o ka hoouka kaua ana Mechanized mau pūʻali, a me ka hou ana e hopu i ka Initiative, mai kaʻenemi i loko o 1941 ua like i ka ho'āhewa wale infantry me ka ho okumu. Ua pau i ka pule elua o ke kaua, a me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ua hala mua 500 kilomika - hapalua o ke ala mai o ka mokuna a hiki i Moscow. A hiki aku i ke kaua, i lilo ai ma lalo o Senno, lumaʻi kūpono 'ana o ke Wehrmacht i ua neʻe ka mua laina a hiki i ka Vitebsk a me Orsha.

Ke kiʻekiʻe kauoha ana o ka poe kaua Kelemānia mai ka loa o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke koho kikowaena pauku o ka hikina mai Front like me ka papa kuhikuhi hahau kuhikuhi o ka Soviet Union. Aia i ua kauohaʻia Army Group "Center" - "South" a me ka "North" no kekahi nā hoailona ka mea, no ka oi o ka mau pūʻulu 'ē aʻe hui. Kelemānia mechanized naehana oia o ka 2nd a me ka 3rd pahu pūʻulu - nā mea a pau ia lakou, he 7 a me 9 motorized kapa kila papa.

Oia ka unahiʻole, i kūpono 'hiki ke hoʻokō hohonuʻaoʻao pale i hoʻolilo' ia a me ka Soviet koa. Māhele o ka Western Front i nō koke ka hoʻokaumahaʻia. By July 3 na kēia kanaka Kelemānia weluwelu naʻekeʻeke hope o ka papa hoʻolaukahi e kū'ē'ē mai. Soviet ka pōʻino, ua nunui - ma kahi o elua-hapakolu o ka mua i pili ai. 2 tausani kanaka - 1 ke ala mai o "ieoaeunoai" poe i koe. nā mea kaua kaumaha i ua nalowale (mokulele, poʻina nalu, mea kaua). E hoolei ana i kūpono 'ana ma ke alanui. no keia ole i hopu Front kauoha, a pana aku la ia (a me General Dmitry Pavlov). Ma ia ana, a hoomaka ae la ke kaua ma lalo o Senno. 1941 ua ka makahiki pahu kapu weliweli o ke kaua, a i hoʻolala i kekahi counteroffensive na olelo hoopomaikai i ka e ole emi nui ke kanaka kāki wahi o Hawaii ma mua o ho'āʻo mua, e hooki aku i ka mua o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

kuka counterattack

Ka manaʻo o Lepel counterattack ua e hoouka mai ma luna o ka pahu huahelu o ka Wehrmacht mua o lakou, ua i hui infantry huahelu, i holo mai Minsk. Keia kumumanao He pahuhopu nei me kekahi o na ki koa kumu -ʻulupā i kaʻenemi ma ka apana. Eia hou, i ka ike ana o ka mea mua elua pule o ka confrontation me ka ke Kelemānia a hoike mai i ke kaula o ka infantry māhele 'īnea nei me ka pahu kaua ka'āina inefficient. Nolaila, e pono Logical e lawe mālama '-emptive hahau ma ka sprawled Wehrmacht koa. Ka mea, ua a e ua noho ma ka hua'ōlelo o ke kaua hoʻolālā ma Senno.

July 1941 ua i kaʻino o ka manawa no ka ee-kūpono 'i loko o ka māhele' āina. Ka hapa nui o ka Kelemānia koa i i ka neʻeʻana i ka hikina a me ka akau-hikina - ke alakaʻi o ka Wehrmacht imi me ka hikiwawe e loaa e oia i ka Western Dvina. I ka poʻe pepehi Soviet he elua waleʻenemi māhele (17th a me 7th Panzer), oiai ka mea, ua i formidable pūʻali koa.

Ma ka Ewa o ke kaua

I ke ahiahi, ma Iulai 4, Semyon Timoshenko (ka mea i kēia lā i ka luna o ka Western Front), a me ka Leo Herman Malandin Mehlis i aponoia i kauoha i ka hana i, e hoomakaukau i kekahi counterattack i loko o ke kauoha o ka mokupuni a me ka Senno. I ka hopena wahi o ke kūpono 'i hoonoho Lepel, a haawi mai la i ka inoa o ka mea hana. Eia naʻe, ma ka ee i loko o ka hoʻolālā kahua o ka Western Front alakai i ka hewa nui. Ua Ua ua'āpono auhauia enemi uea 'i maopopo i hōʻike ai i ke kaua o Senno. Photos, mai ka epicenter o ke kaua iloko o ia hana ua aneane hele, akā, hoʻokahi poho hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hui o ka Red Army ole kona huakaʻi.

E kauoha akuʻoe i ka Western Front, wikiwiki mai me ka hoʻolālā o ka ee-kaua nei no hoi, no ka manawa i hana no ka enemi. A pule ma hope, i ka Kelemānia infantry moku, pau i ka 'āina o Minsk a me Bialystok "ieoaeunoai" Ua i kokoke i ka mua laina. Ma keia hihia, ua loli cardinally ke koena o ka mana. Me kēlā hele lā ka Army Red loaʻa ia iho i loko o ka increasingly paʻakikī kulana, a me ka lohi o ke ahiahi, he mau hola kumukuai loa pipiʻi.

Ua mākaukau hoʻi e LIKE i ka 7th Mechanized mau pūʻali, i kauoha mai ai e Vinogradov hoʻoneʻe i ke komohana o ka Moscow Koa District, kekahi 24 o June. Machine ma luna o nā huila pua i ke alanui ma lalo o kona mau mana, a ua pūʻolo kaa i ka waiwai maluna ma alahao paepae ai. Ma ke ala Mechanized mau pūʻali loaa kekahi mau hou ho'āʻo, e like me ke kahua ma Belarus ua hoʻololi oi hookeai.

Ke koena o nā koa

Kelemānia 7th Panzer Māhele ka oko ao pohihihi no ia i ka ho okumu i 'ole. Ua oia o 4 battalions. I ka helu o ka pahu poʻina nalu i ka mooolelo no ka mea holoʻokoʻa hikina mai Front - 265 hakakā huahelu, o ka i elua pule o kaua 25 i nalowale. Naʻe, i loko o ka Soviet 7th Mechanized mau pūʻali me palua i na hi.

Ka hapa nui o ka paka Kelemānia mahele oia o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike Czech "Skoda" 1938? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Mau Lightweight poʻina nalu, he 37 mm o ka pū, a ohi i rivets, a hoʻopaʻa i hale noho. I ka wa e ku i ka enemi iwi, i kēia mau kumu hele aku la, a iki i ka luina. No laila, i kapaʻia "Skoda" oaoieei-mana paʻakikī loa. Ma waho aʻeo ka mea, ua paa nae ka ho'ā PZ-II. Lākou mākaukau aku nō mākou uuku 20 mm o ka pū. Na keia Soviet māhele HF a me T-34. Hoakaka ae ia i loko o ka shootout me ka hua German kŘkohu defuse a pau i kēia paka, no ka oi o ka palena iki poho. He kēia kaua ma kona mau kiʻi hōʻike i ka artist Nikolai Nazarchuk. "Ke Kaua o Senno" Hawaiian artist lilo kekahi o ka loa recognizable ki io o ke kaua.

Mea kaua a me ka infantry

Ka pahu māhele poʻina nalu , he mau "ihe wahi", akā, i kekahi o ia ho okumu pono ai i loko o ka "pahu hae" - infantry a me ka mea kaua. He aha i keʻano o kēia mau wahi i loko o ka Kelemānia papa? Mea kaua regiment oia o 36 pu - ka hapanui howitzers, a he mau pū. Mau oeeo? Ua nui oi uku ma mua o ka Soviets. Ka mau pahu māhele ua aneane he haneri pu. Like me, ka lākiō ua i loko o ka infantry: 15 infantry battalions o ka Red Army e kū'ē i ka Wehrmacht ma 4.

Ma o ka wahi o ka hanana o ka 7th Mechanized mau pūʻali Soviet laulā lanakila ua mau-pa hipa, oiai ka 5th Mechanized mau pūʻaliʻehiku-ewalu manawa. A nui helu o ka poʻina nalu ma hope lilo i mea no ke kapakai a i ke kaua o Senno Prokhorovsky ke kaua kaulana iloko o ke kaua o Kursk i ka 1943.

5th Mechanized mau pūʻali i loko o kā lākou mau hanana 'ole - elua hou mea kaua regiment i pili ia ia. Kēia mau māhele i hou mai i ke koena limahana o ka Western Front. Ka mea, i kekahi kapa 'ole-hanau mea kaua regiment. An pono o kēia mau pūʻulu i ke alo o ke kaumaha-howitzer pū 122-mm o a me 152-mm o caliber. Lakou i hana i wale makemakika, akā, i qualitative superiority ma luna o kaʻenemi mea kaua.

Kaua o Senno ke hoopau i ke ahiahi, wikiwiki, ina ua haʻalele na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma Borisov o kona mau motorized infantry battalion, he pahu battalion a me ka antitank battalion. Mau apana i koe, e kiai i ka i kela kapa strategically nui o ka Berezina. Mau huahelu, he ma lalo o Senno wale July 7, hoemi i ka laulā superiority o ka 5th Mechanized mau pūʻali, e ka palua ana.

omaka LIKE

July 5, 1941 hoomaka hoomakaukau iho no ke kaua o Senno. 14th Panzer Māhele a me ka 7th Mechanized mau pūʻali i ka 40-hookahi mile hele ana, a noho i ka loiloi mua kulana no ka mea i manao ee-hoouka. Kēia i ka wahi Ostrovno - Gnezdilovichi - SVETOGOR 10 kilomika hikina Chernogostnitsa River. Kekahi 18th Panzer Māhele i kekahi hoolohi. Ma ke awakea o ka ia la ae, uaʻeleu ma na aoao a elua o ka muliwai Obolyanka. 5th Mechanized mau pūʻali i i nā kūlana hana ma Orsha apana.

July 6 kaua o Senno komo kaʻeleu pae. Ma 14 Panzer mau huahelu (komo i loko o nā anaina o ka poʻina nalu a me battalion infantry) i hana. Mau hui Ua ho'āʻo e puʻe wale mai Chernogostnitsu, a noho ma kaʻaoʻao komohana o ka muliwai. Kekahi pa alima maoli kauoha aku e hoopaa i kekahi bridgehead uuku a puni Sarraut Lake. I keia manawa, na koa o ka 18th Panzer Māhele hiki i ka hikina outskirts o Senno, a laila komo aku la i ka paakiki kaua me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. I ke ahiahi, i kipaku i ka enemi mai o ke kulanakauhale. Ma keia kaiaulu o ka mua, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua hele ma ke kūlana pale. Ka mea, ua lākou wale nō ka pomaikai no ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hana.

hoʻohuikau o kou akamai

July 7 pahu kaua hoomauia ma lalo o Senno. ka mua po a pau ma ka Soviet koa ma ka ma kela aoao e hoomakaukau Chernogostnitse. Ma ke kakahiaka o ka 14th Panzer Māhele hoʻoneʻe ia i ka komohana kapa o ka muliwai kī. Paipai 'bogged ia ma hope o 4 kilomika. eʻalo poʻina nalu me ka papa koa o ka 7th Panzer Māhele. Soviet Manoukian i ae mai kaumaha ka pōʻino, a hoʻi akula a hiki i ka palapala hikina kahakai. Ka mea, laila, hoi aku la a hiki i ka insular, a hoʻomaka i ka piʻoloke o kona mea mahele.

Ia manawa, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a hemo i kūpono ', mai ke kūkulu'ākau ma Senno, ma ka ke pale 18th Panzer Māhele. Red Army haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale ma ka ke awakea ma Iulai 8. I keia manawa, i ka 5th Mechanized mau pūʻali alakai i ka ikaika kaua me kaʻenemi poʻina nalu, 20 kilomika hema o Senno. He e hoʻokele i ka uhai i ka German kolamu, akā, i ka hope counterattack hoihoiia i ke kūlana quo.

July 9th 14th a me 18th Panzer Māhele hele i ka hikina ma kahakai Obolyanka. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia pio mai Senno hoomaka ae la e mua i ke ala kaʻa i Smolensk. 10 o ka mua huahelu komo Oboltsy. Ma ke awakea, i ka ke Kelemānia a hala i ka 40 kilomika, a hiki i ke alanui, 30 kilomika komohana o Orsha. Ka Soviet 5th Mechanized mau pūʻali iʻalo i ka make māinoino o ka piha encirclement. Kona olelo hoʻoholo e emi hope, e like me ka hana i ka i koe iho o nā mea kaua papa.

Nā hualoaʻa a me na kumu no ka hoʻokō 'ole'

Penei, i ke kaua pahu ma Senno no ka Soviet kaua i hele mai ai i mea ole. i ole hooko i ka poʻe hao wale i kekahi o ko lākou mau hana. ʻAʻole hiki ke hele hapalua ala i Lepel. E like me ka manao o ka nui loa i pili i ka pūhaka o Polotsk Kelemānia pae, akā, ka mea aole e incur kekahi poho - a ka mea wale ua i hiki. No ka hebedoma piha i ke kaua i ua nalowale a puni 70% o ka lako a pan. Koena o ka pahu māhele lilo lākou kaua kākoʻo a me ka a laila hoʻomau e olokaa ae i ka hikina, a hiki i ka mea hope nalowale i loko o ka "ipuhao" kokoke Smolensk.

Aha i ke kumu no keia nele? July 17, 1914 kokoke i ke kulanakauhale Liozno ma Vitebsk pio i lawe mua lutanela Yakov Dzhugashvili - ke keiki a Iosifa Stalina. Iloko o ka interrogation, ohumu iho la e pili ana i ka weliweli ea hoouka ma Kelemānia Junkers. Ka Ia nānaina ua koi ia ma ka papa hoike o luna ma Moscow. Ma hope, ua neʻe i i ka Soviet historiography a me ka loa i ua noʻonoʻo luli ole oiaio. Ke kumu nui no ka mea i nalowale i ke kaua o Senno, noonoo iho la destructional a me ubiquitous Kelemānia maunakea, mai ke kakahiaka a po, a pum? Valivshuyu hopeʻia ma luna o ka Red Army.

Naʻe, i ka ike maopopo ua nui aku luna '. Ua loli i ka hikiʻole o nā luna i kaʻoihana kaʻa a me ka hookupaa aku i kamailio ma waena o nā pūʻulu likeʻole. Eia hou, i ka Army Red pono i ole i ka hana o ka hoʻokō 'ia nui-me ka unahiʻole ana, oiai ka Wehrmacht hele mai i ka Soviet Union, ka mea, ua loaa ia lakou na lanakila maʻEulopa. A pau keia i lapuwale laulā a me ka qualitative superiority o Soviet hao wale.

State kauoha 'ole i ke olonā wāwae ma hope o ka hala koke repression. Ua pana pua aku ia ka hapa nui o ka hoao ana i ka pūʻali koa, i hala me ke Kanawai War, a e noho ana i loko o ka poe hoomoana. Ua hiki ke loli ana i ke kaua i ma ka Senno. Ka hopena o ka wikiwiki a me ka hewa hoʻoholo i loko o ke kahua mua o ke kaua i lewa i loko o ka likeʻole ma o setbacks ma ka Western Front. Kēia au i palahalaha ae ole wale ma Lepel eea-kaua, akā, i ka mea holoʻokoʻa 1941 kai eʻe.

lilo

Ma hua'ōlelo o ka lilo o ke kaua ana o Senno i ka 1941, Noord i ka typical huliāmahi kēia o ke kaua. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia nalowale ma kahi o 1 pepehi 4 hana eha aku la (huina pōʻino ua like me 468 kanaka). Ua Ua nalowale ma kahi o 50 iniha, o ka lako a (poʻina nalu). Ka nui poho mai ai i loko o ke kaua me ka 5th Mechanized mau pūʻali Senno e pili ana i 7 - 9 Iulai.

All'ē aʻe na kii a pau i loko o Soviet hao wale. 5th a 7th Mechanized mau pūʻali i lilo aneane a pau o kona pahu poʻina nalu (he huina o ka oi ma mua o 1000 huahelu, i mea e pili ana i 20 mau manawaʻoi aku ma mua ia o kaʻenemi). Oia hoi, i keia la, kākau moʻolelo e like nele i ka loaʻa mai i ka hana i iaʻano hana. Nā oeeo, i haule i loko o ka Red Army kauoha hōʻike pinepine i ole hoʻopili like i ka ike maopopo, a no ka mea, o keia ka mea hiki ole ke hoemi i ka Kelemānia ikepili.

Eia naʻe, e ike i ka wā i pau ka pahu kaua ma Senno 1941, i ka 18th kapa kila Māhele Aohe mea i kekahi o ka 220 poʻina nalu, 14th - ostalos14 poʻina nalu, 13th 5 poʻina nalu o 393. i ka ia manawa, i ka maikaʻi o ka pilikia ua me ka hi. No ka laʻana, ka mea 14th Māhele haʻalele 34 hi a me 475 ukana kaa, e like me 56 benzotsistern.

Ai ia mau moʻolelo a me nā kūʻiʻo

Personal lilo o Soviet koa, e like me ia ma ka hihia o Kelemānia, i piha kaʻaeʻana i nā huliāmahi kēia hewa no ka Soviet Union i ka 1941. No ka laʻana, e like me kūhelu hoike iloko o ia ia 14-Panzer Māhele make 193 kanaka, hana ino iki mai 359, a ua hai aku oi ma mua o 3 tausani kanaka koa wiwoʻole. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau kii i questionable i keia la. Ka mea, hoole aku paha i ka mea i ma July 25 makaukau regiment ua wale 552 liʻiliʻi i na mea kaua (pūlaipela), ka mea hoi e like me ka hoike ole replenishment i loko o ka poʻe kaua i ka noho no ka oi mamua o 5 tausani kanaka.

Alahula mau nahā i waena o ka makemake e alakai me ka ho okumu hiki ke wehewehe ma nā kūʻiʻo, a ma ka hōʻike hūnā a retouch lākou inā 'aʻole' mua o nā luna. Ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua o ke kaua ia mau moʻolelo, he commonplace. Ka mea, ua i koe, a me ka kaua o Senno. ʻO ka pōʻino o ka Army Kaiula, a me ka Wehrmacht ma kekahi hihia, ua incommensurable, a i keia huahelu loa maopopo hōʻike i ka catastrophe o ka Nui Patriotic War.