Palani economist Jean-Baptiste E'ōlelo akuʻoe: Kawaihae noiʻi. "Hoonoho ma Kalaiaina hoʻokele waiwai"

Jean-Baptiste E'ōlelo akuʻoe, he Hawaii photo a e e hōʻike i ka 'atikala, ua manaoia kekahi o na ukali koʻikoʻi loa, o ka pähola' ana o Adamu Smith. Kēia huahelu absolutized i ka manaʻo o ka noho'na makaainana i uluʻano papa hana o ka mālama 'ana i ka makeke ana. E noonoo hou ma mua o ka mea kaulana Jean-Baptiste'ōlelo.

Kawaihae

Hânau 'ia huahelu January 5, 1767 ma Lyon, i loko o ka ohana o ka kālepa, he priori, e presupposes ia he mau hiʻona me entrepreneurial akamai. Zhan Batist Sey, ma hope o loaa lawa manawa no kona hooponopono, i i ka hoʻoponopono-aʻo. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i 'ole ma ka Smith o ka manaʻo. O ka papa kuhikuhi i o Laielohelohe ia ia i ka hoʻokele waiwai kālai'āina. Ma ka papa o këia i ka hahau ana i heluhelu Smith ka hana "ka waiwai o Nations." Nā manaʻo i kukalaia i loko o keia hana e i ua hoopomaikai io ole wale i ka pono o ka a pau o Farani, akā, a pau ma luna o ka honua - no laila, manaʻo ihola Jean-Baptiste'ōlelo. Aneiai wale huahelu hoʻomohala i ka nui loa ma lalo o ka aoao o na hanana o ka weuweu 18th - i kakahiaka nui 19th kenekulia. A kūlana nui Ua pâʻani 'o ia ma kona holo ana i Enelani. Ma keia aina, e like Palani, hoomaka ae la ka mua i ka nuʻu mua ole mahiʻai a me ka hanalima hana.

omaka ha awina

Back i ka 1789, o England, O komo i loko o ka lapaʻau huakai. Aia, lilo iho la oia kakauolelo o Claviere, ka poe i makemake lilo Kuhina Waiwai. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka aʻe kūhelu i këia i ka manawa, "ka waiwai o Nations" Smith. Ma hope o 3 makahiki, Jean-Baptiste'ōlelo mea e pili ana i ka Jacobins, hoouna aku la i ka hana manawaleʻa i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka revolutionaries. I ka 1794 ko ka mea haʻalele i ka hana, i lilo luna hoʻoponopono o ka Paris Magazine a me ka hana a hiki i 1799 la. Kona kuokoa a me ka originality, noho pilikia auhau o ke aupuni hana i loko o ka waiwai kaiaulu mea i hoʻokumu i ka kokololio a me ka holomua o kona 'oihana me he lālā o ka Waiwai Komite o ka noho hookolokolo. Mea hiki ka hoao ana i loko o ke aupuni, he hohonu ike o? Iie Aey? Acaeoey, hui me ka pokole o Smith i ka manaʻo i kanalua hoʻokumu i kākau kā lākou mau hana ma luna o nā kumu o ka pähola 'o ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai a male'.

Jean-Baptiste E'ī akuʻoe: "A hoonoho ma hoʻokele waiwai kālai'āina"

Kēia hana i ka nui loa o ka lahui nui. Ma ka waena o ka 18th kenekulia ma Farani, hoomaka ae la e ka nuʻu mua, a koke lilo loa mahalo Physiocratic kumumanaʻo. Ko lākou hoʻomanawanui nō e noho i alakai kulana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ke aupuni, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka unuhi ana i "Ka waiwai o Nations" i paʻiʻia ma ka 1802. Lanakila stereotypes compatriots hiki pono Jean-Baptiste'ōlelo. I ka pōkole, kona puke lilo i ka olelo hoakaka no ka hana ana i ke kahua, o ka makana a me ka hokii, o ka waiwai. Kēia hana mea wale nō i mua kilohi puana a ka hoohalike ana i nā manaʻo o Smith. Ma hope iho o ka puke o ka puke ia iho, Jean-Baptiste E'ōlelo akuʻoe, a me kona nā hoapili ma 'Enelani hoʻomau i ka hana i ka hoʻoikaika' ana i kēia hana. Ka puke Ua undergone lewa lehulehu a me ka hoololi. A hiki aku ka mea, e ola ana ka paʻi ana o ka puke i paʻa elima manawa. E hana ma luna o ka mea, ua huli ka mea, i loko o ka maikaʻi (essay) o ka manawa.

Nā loina o ka hoʻomanaʻo

Jean-Baptiste E'ōlelo akuʻoe, e like me ka Classics, ka nānā 'ana i kona manaʻo ma luna o ka hana o ka mea kiko'ī sciences. No ka laʻana, ma ke kālaikūlohea Ua ua ia e like me ke kumu hoʻohālike. Ma ka methodological kēia lākiō ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi ka' ike ai nā waeʻano, kānāwai a me nā theories, a i ka iniiaiie a me ke ao manaʻo. A me keia, e like me ka manao aku nei, ka manaʻo politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai hana like me kaʻimi naʻauao kŰia ho'ākāka. Ke Kii unconditionally oluolu na kumu mua o ka noa kuai, wahi lulu, a me na haole kalepa, kumu kūʻai, kona palena Competition a me ka 'ole-a hiki i ka iki hoikeana o protectionism. He hoala i ka manaʻo o ka loa o ka huakaʻi. I ka wā i'āpono nā manaʻo'ōlelo kumu hoʻomalu ke kaiāulu Pahuhopu ka hoʻopau o ka overproduction, underconsumption. Oia hoi, ma ka mea,ʻo ia ma luna o mai i ka manawa kūpono o ka ulia i loko o ko lākou mau manaʻo.

Ka pähola 'ana o nā'ōlelo

Ma ka mōʻaukala o oicyenoaaiiie kumumanaʻo ka inoa o E! Ua i hookuu i ke kiʻi o kekahi nä känaka 'epekema ka poe i manaoio i ke aloha o ka pono o ka nohona okoa papa ma ka makeke ana pili. He hai aku no kona aponoia lula pakiko-hooponopono ana i hoʻokele waiwai 'Smith i ka. Ua pono e olelo aku i ka noʻonoʻo loi o nā manaʻo i imua ma ka Jean-Baptiste'ī aku, hoʻowahāwahā i ka helu nui o ka ho'āʻo 'ana, e hōʻoleʻia kā lākou okoa personalities, e noho inconclusive ma luna o ke kenekulia. Kēia manaʻo o ke kuleana i hālāwai hoʻolohe i ekolu kumumea. Ka mua "maoli kauoha," Smith? Aaei kohoʻia o nā uku a me nā kumukūʻai. ka OE kūlana o ka waiwai launa hana a me kona hualoaʻa ma waena o nā mea a pau market ē aʻei ua ae pono ka wā. E like me ia i kēia manaʻo, Jean-Baptiste'ōlelo mai la oia i kekahi kaʻina hana mea wale unacceptable. Ka lua, hou ma muli o ka manaʻo o Smith, e eliminates kekahi 'ākeʻakeʻa i? Aneiai hana ma waho. "E ka Law" kākoʻo i ke koi no ka minimizing ka bureaucratic ana i hoʻomākaukauʻia, ka avoidance o protectionism. Eia hou, i ka manaʻo o ka progressiveness Wānana hoʻi i ka ulu ana o ka makeke ana i loko o ka malu ma luna o ke kumu o ka hopena o ka iao? Iiaie oaoieei holomua.

Ke ae pā o "ke kanawai"

Ua oia i ka mea i ka wā i ke kumuhana, a laila, mau lala a pau o ka malu o ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o oicyenoaaiiie liberalism lako (? Iecaianoaaiiuo) e hoʻonāukiuki i kūpono koi (hokii). Ia mea, auaiaea e paha i ka pilina paʻa makahiki me ka i waiwai e e kūʻai liloʻia aku me ka uku ole. No laila, "E ka Law" Ua ike ma nā kākoʻo o nā manaʻo o ka oicyenoaaiiie liberalism. Lakou i manaoio aku ai i ke kuokoa a me ka'ōlewa kumu kūʻai ma ka makeke kumu e hoonaukiuki kokoke instantaneous pane i ka loli ma yeiiiie? Aneeie oneiaeyie. Kēia, ma ka huli, ina e he kumu hoʻomalu o ka hoʻoponopono-rula hooponopono i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai. I ka mea, ina ua lawe i ka pahiki o ka'auwaʻa pili ma i ke kala hana wale i helu huahelu, oiai huina koi, ua like me ka waiwai o nā waiwai, e e ua panai aku no na dala, ka huina overproduction ole i ke Akua. Laila ia mea Logical, a maopopo ka hopena Blaug. He ua he mea ho'ākāka o ke kānāwai, i alakai Jean-Baptiste'ōlelo - "e uku nā huahana no nā huahana," - o ka haole, a me ka wahi lulu kalepa. I ka manaʻo i ka pakī i ka manawa.

Karla Marksa Critique

Kēia huahelu noʻonoʻo iho i ka hope o ka manaʻo,ʻaʻole wale Smith, akā, Ricardo. Karl Marx pakahi aku la ia ia paku ole ia i ka manaʻo o ka hope a me ka poe e kaʻana i ka hihio o E'ōlelo akuʻoe ma luna o ka impossibility o na crises i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai. He ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka inevitability o cyclical (papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika) overproductionʻike manaʻo. Eia hou kekahi, Marx noʻonoʻo 'ole e hana aneiai hoʻoponopono ulia like me ka pilikia o ka underconsumption. I ka Ia manawa problematic kŰia, e like me Contemporary mea manaʻo kulana, ka mea, ua kena ae la,ʻaʻole no ka nui a me ka ole wale unreliable manaʻo o ka'ī aku, akā, na regularities o na elue no ka muli o na olelo o imperfect Competition, makakoho a me ka haawi aku monopoly. Mau waeʻano i ke kumu o ka? Ueony theories o ka moku'āina rula hooponopono i keia la o ka waiwai kaiaulu, nohona mana ma luna o kona ulu ana.

Ekolu kumumea o? Iecaianoaaiiuo

E'ī akuʻoe i ka aneiai manaʻo i kākoʻo 'ia ma ka kekahi alanui, a ua lewa i loko o nā hana o Malthus. No ka laʻana, he 'ano like me ka pähola' ana o kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo koina aneane loa ma muli o nā kūlana hana i mua mamua. No laila, O i ka pähola 'ana o nā kumumea ekolu o-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo: aina, ka hana a me ka poʻo. Kēia, ma ka huli, Hōʻike ka polarity o ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka hahai o Smith i ka manaʻo. Inā Ricardo, Marx, ka nohona utopians, Sismondi, a me ka helu o nā huahelu e like me ke kumu o ka waiwai o nā huahana ike hana, i ka kekahi hapa o ka poe hahai i ka palapala waeʻano i maliuia mai koina eʻikea au i loko o ka kaʻina o? Iecaianoaaiiuo o na mea (paukü), hana (hana) a me ka haehaeʻia ( honua), ka mea i hali ana i ka entrepreneur. Jean-Baptiste'ōlelo, Malthus a me kākoʻo o ko lākou mau manaʻo? Iecaianoaaiiuo koina, a loaa lālā o ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua ike i ka olelo, aa aku la a me ka maluhia ana ma waena o Manufacturers. Ka hahai o Smith a me Ricardo i ike ai i ke kumu o ka pono a me ka haehae like me ka nui mai o ka lilo o ka hana mana e hana ma ka hoʻohana o ke kapikala a me ka papa antagonism.

pähola 'o ka waiwai

Me ka pili ana i keia mea hilo i kekahi o ko lākou mau wehewehena i Sei. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia,ʻaʻole wale hai manaʻo Smith mau, e like me ka mea i komo ma ka huli 'ana o ka manaʻo hou. No ka laʻana, ma muli o ka pā kula i ka waiwai e mau mau inseparable ano - consumer a me ka hoonohonoho hou waiwai, O i hana manaʻo nui pili waiwai a me ka pili waiwai. I ka Ia manawa nui hou noonoo ana i uku ai i nā kumumea ekolu o? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Smith ka hoailona ano o ka manaʻo,ʻo ia ka haʻilula e paha ke ka hana uku ka poe e hana e like me ka pono, kapikala - loaa o capitalists, aina - mea nona haehae'āina. Sei pela möakäka hou i kēia mau kumumea i he kuokoa cia ma ka ho okumu i loaa mai.