Palani haku mele Stéphane Mallarmé: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu, photo

Stephane Mallarme - ka poʻokela haku mele a me ka mea kākau mua mai Palani, ka mea i noho ma ka 19th kenekulia. He mea ke poo o ke kula symbolist. Nei anei oe i mea hou aʻe uaʻike Stephane Mallarme? Pōkole Kawaihae hōʻike i loko o kēia 'atikala e ae oe e aʻo hou aku e pili ana ia.

Ke me Kinohi, i ka wā o ka mahele

I ka wā e hiki mai haku mele i hānau i loko o Paris ma ka March 18, 1842. Kona makua kāne i Numa Mallarme, ka mea i hana i loko o ka Office no Property Affairs. A lohe o Setepano i 5 makahiki,ʻo ia ka liu o kona makuwahine, a laila, ua laweʻiaʻo ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o kona mau makua. Stéphane Mallarmé ua he ikepili koʻikoʻi keiki. He aʻo mua ma ka haipule kula, ke aupuni 'ma Auteuil (i loko o ka makahiki 1853), a laila, mai 1853, hele kiʻekiʻe kula Saens. Hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka la mahope huli mai e e ola no ka haku mele. He lilo e oi aku ke aloha o kona loneliness ma hope o ka 1857 ka make ana o kona 13-makahiki-kahiko kaikuahine, Maria. Kēkelē ka papahelu Mallarme loaa i ka 1860. Kona makua kāne i makemake ai ia ia e lilo i luna Stefan, akā, Mallarmé haalele i kēia 'oihana. Oia laila,ʻo ia pēlāʻo ia e ia i ka haku mele.

Elua, ao ke ano o ke ola ana o Mallarme

No kekahi mau mahina i ka 1862, Stefan ua ma Lākana. Here ia i hemolele kona English. Kona hoi ana i Farani, i ka 1863, lilo iho la oia i kekahi kumu o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia i ka Lycée Tournon. Setepano ka ola ma hope o ia manawa, e like me ka mea i maheleia i mau apana. He Ua haʻakoi, e ao aku i ka pono o ka uuku makahiki, e hoolako i ka ohana - mua i loko o Tournon, laila, i loko o Besancon, ma Avignon (a 1871), Paris (a 1894) (1866-67 GG.). ʻO nāʻaoʻao o kona ola ua poetry.

Ka mua hana, familiarity me ka Parnassian kula

No ka mea wā 1862-64 GG. Wa opiopio, i ka mea mua Verses o ka mea kākau. Ka mea, ke ike i ka aoao o Edgar Allan Poe a me Charles Baudelaire. I ka 1864, halawai Stéphane Mallarmé me Kautllom Mendes, Frederic Mistral, MV Nebuzaradana de Ka Lille. Ua ua ikeia e ia i lilo hoihoi i loko o poetry Parnassian kula mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā Theophile Gautier , a hoomaka ae la e kākau hana i loko o kona uhane.

Soon, i ka makahiki 1865,ʻo ia paʻi i kona poem ke "auina la o ka Faun." Mallarme hooku iho la ia ia hana ma ka 'aha T. de Ka Banville, ka mea i kekahi o nā luna o ka Parnassian kula. Kēia poem He He ke kino a me ka maemae eclogite. Pagan olioli o ke ola pervades ka hana holoʻokoʻa.

Parnasskii wā o kaʻike hoʻokumu

May 12, 1866 e paʻa ana i ka puke mua o Mallarmé (10 poem paʻiʻia ma "Contemporary Parnassus"). He mea hana i Parnassians ike ia ia. A laila, hiki mai ka makahiki o ka huli no ka hou 'ana o ka olelo o kona poetic kanaka (1868-73). Mallarme ma ka pau ana o na 1860s, kakau iho la oia i ka fantastic moʻolelo, a kapa iho la oia "'ēpoka, a Elbenona Mania". Naʻe, ka mea i wale nō paʻi i ka 1926. Eia hou, oia kau e hana i ka "Herodia", he hana keaka i loko o ke kumu holoholomoku. Kēia hana, Eia naʻe, i haʻalele paʻa hapa. A apana nahaha Ua paʻiʻia ma 1871 ma ka lua o ka paiia ana o ka puke "Hoikehonua, Parnassus."

Mallarmé - decadent, hou na hana

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1870 hookaawale Mallarme mai parnassians, a hui i ka decadents. I ka 1872, ua palapala mai "Funeral Toast", hoolaa ai a hiki i ka make ana o T. Gautier. Kēia hana ia ka hoʻololi i nā poetics hou o ka Stefan. Familiarity me Rimbaud pili 1872 me Manet - ma ka makahiki 1873, a me Emile Zola - a hiki i 1874. Stéphane Mallarmé hoomaka i ka neʻepapa hoʻi, me ka Magazine i kapaia "noʻeau a me ka palapala, ai 'hou." Eia, i ka 1874, Setepano paʻi i ka unuhi ana i ka poem Poe o "ka manu koraka lā". Ki io no ka mea, ko Manet. Mallarme hana pū 'ana hoʻi me ka "Magazine o ka honua hou." Eia ka mea paʻi i ka moʻo o ka 'atikala a me ka pepa (essay). Hoʻopuka A. Lemerra i ka 1874 hōʻole, eʻae i ka lehulehu ākea o ka hana o ko Mallarmé ka "auina la o ka Faun." Wale i ka 1876 ka mea i pai ia. I ka hookahi makahiki, ka haku mele, palapala iho la i ka sonnet noa i ka ' "ka hale kupapau o Edgar Allan Poe." A ma ka hope, makahiki 1877, ua he kula puke, i ke kumu o ka a - Mallarmé. Ua Ua kapaia "Ka English hua'ōlelo". Hōʻike aʻo i pili kūpono loa i paʻiʻia ma ka 1880 ( "Makamua Akua"). He he ka hoʻololiʻana o ka puke Du Punk.

"Ka palapala, ai Tuesdays" kaulana

Malarme hoomaka ae la e hoonohonoho i ko lakou mau "ka palapala, ai Tuesdays" i ka 1880. Ka mea, e noho ana i loko o kona keʻena, Aia ma luna o ka Roma alanui. Ka "palapala, ai 'Tuesdays" komo Saint-Paul Roux, Gyustav Kan, Pol Klodel, Anri De Regnier, Andre Zhid, Pol Valeri a me Per Luis. Palani haku mele Stéphane Mallarmé i kapa i loko o ka palapala, ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Keia ua hooluoluia mai he nui P. Verlaine, i hoalii mai ia ia ia i ka ai-i kapaia o "ana o ka poino haku mele" (1884 Verlaine palapala iho la i ka (essay) ma hope mai). Nō hoʻi ka pilina i ka hiʻona o Mallarme J.-C. Huysmans. I kona puke, noa i ka ' "Ma ka mea ku ole", hana i ka 1884, kēia mea kākau i ka piha Ka Ikepili o ka kakahiaka nui poem a Stefan waha Des Essent, kona protagonist.

Mallarmé - ke poo o ka Symbolists

Ma ka hapalua like-80s o ka 19th kenekulia i noʻonoʻo Mallarmé ka luna i waena o ka decadent haku mele, ka mea i loko o 1886 i hoomaka ai e kapaʻia lākou ma "Symbolists". Kona ohi ia "poem Stefana Mallarme" ikea mai i ka makahiki 1887, a me ka mea e hiki mai ana - unuhi o poem ho okumu ia ma Poe. I ka Ia manawa, a me ka "pouli" symbolist poetry, Stephane e pili ana uuku-ka leo a me ka hemahema hoi poem ma luna o nā wā. Ka mea, Ua paʻiʻia wale i ka 1920 ( "ma ka mea o poetry").

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

I ka 1894, ua i hoihoi i loko o ka mea kākau paʻi i ka ohi ana o poem Ka Ana Aina, a me ka poetry. A laila ia i haʻalele i ka hana, ka hoʻoholo 'ana i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i kona ola, e poetry. Mallarme hele mai e hana i ka pono, ao puke, ma a he kū hoʻokahi a me ka hulina hoakaka ana o ke ao nei e e ka haawiia mai. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Verlaine, i mai ai i ka 1896, Setepano i koho "Aliʻi o ka haku mele o". Ka puke o kona mana poem me ke kuleana "Kahalewai loa hoopau i ka hihia" pili ia i ka makahiki 1897. Ke huahana shape mea hoʻokahi lōʻihi olelo,ʻaʻohe punctuation. Ua Ua paiia na anuu, a me ka Font hoʻohanaʻokoʻa nui like 'ole. Ke poem Ua kauʻia ma luna o ka mau-ʻaoʻao hoolaha aku. A laila, i ka 1897, Mallarme paʻi i ka moʻo o ka 'atikala ( "Music, a me Moʻolelo", "ka ulia o ka poetry" a me kekahi poe e ae.). Lākou e like me ka inoa - "nonsense". Ma kēia mau hana a pau, o ka mea kākau i kēlā manaʻo i moʻokalaleo uaʻike piʻi i ka hoole mai oia i ua koi 'ia kona kahiko laa manaʻo nui i ka hoihoi. Mallarme Stefan, Kawaihae a me kona hana koe pili, make ma ka lā 9, 1898 ma Palika. Ke kumu nui loa o kona mau hāʻina o nā haʻawina a me ka palapala i paʻiʻia wale nō ma hope o kona make ana.

Meaning hanaia a me nā hiʻona Mallarm

Ua pono e olelo mai la i ka haku mele Stephane Mallarme, kona kiʻiʻoe e loaʻa i loko o kēia 'atikala iʻikeʻia i loko o ka' ōlelo Palani moʻokalaleo i ka manawa, i ka wa e lilo'ē aʻe i ka pono no ka hou poetic ano a me ka exhaustion o ka wa kahiko. He alakaʻi ka neʻeʻana o ka symbolism ma i hou noʻeau manaʻo i shape kumumanaʻo, a hana e mihi i ka'ōlelo o ka poetry, a wālua i ke ala no ke kālā no moʻokalaleo ma Farani.

Mallarme radically rethought ka ninau e pili ana i ka manao o ka poetry. He manaoio aku ia ia, mai ao aku a me ka wehewehe. Ka mea, e ia kekahi superreality. E like me ia Mallarmé, poetry - o ka hoololiia ana o ka huna manaʻo ma ka mea o kanaka 'ōlelo. Ua kūʻai nō mākou ola authenticity. Ka haku mele o ka intermediary ma waena o ke kanaka ao nei, a me nā mea huna o ka poʻe pio i loko o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ua hiki ke hookiekie i ka pākū e hūnā iā ka transcendental, ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā hua'ōlelo, hōʻailona. He no ka ia koho koke he okoa aku o ka lanakila, a ua ai makemake e haawi mai Stéphane Mallarmé. Konaʻike hoʻokumu paipai ia ia i pomaikai ae.