Pharmaceuticals - He aha ka keia?

Pharmaceuticals - kēia lālā o ka hana, a imi i ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ana hōʻike laau. He ka mōʻaukala mau nō lā hoʻi o ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma waena o ka manaÿo elua a me kāu kiʻina hana o loaa ai 'mea he nui okoa.

Hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka Pharmaceutics: ka mea ke unuhi?

Hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau ua, ua hoikeia mai ka wā kahiko, ka wā e lilo ai ka mua ua hanaʻia ai '. I ka lā, hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau - he 'epekema ka hoʻopaʻi ma ka laulā o i ka loaʻa o ka hanaia ana o lapaʻauʻia, ka study o ko lākou mau pono, noiʻi ma o ka hoʻololi kemikala a? Iecaianoaaiiie o ai', ka study o keʻano papa hana o ka hana o ka ai 'ma luna o kānaka a me nā mea' ē aʻe. Nō hoʻi i ke kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i mea e huli no a me ka hoao ana i maoli lāʻau lapaʻau kumu waiwai. Hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau hookahi - ka mea, o ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiie o ai ', ka kekahi kahua o ka? Acaeoey o ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, e halawai me ka pono o ka nuipa makeke.

Pharmaceuticals like hapa o ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻauʻikeʻia i loko o ka 19th kenekulia, ka wā e lilo akaka i ka lōʻihi-ike hana no ka hana o ka ai 'hiki ole i ka nuipa market, a me ke kūpono nā huahana i artisanal ano o ka manufacturing. Ke no o ka kanaka lāʻau hana, he pinepine complications i loko o nā mea maʻi, kela mea keia mea i ka hoʻomalu - "pharmacist" - i kona beauty iho o ka lāʻau,ʻaʻole loa he mau hoʻomanaʻo a me ka kūlanaʻano o na laau.

Mai ka 19th kenekulia ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ke au o ke kūlanaʻano a me ka muli o ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau kaulahao, hoomaka ae la i ka neʻeʻana i loko o ka United States, ma hope o ka hoʻomaopopo i ka ka puka waiwai o ka hanaia'na o ka' inikua kuai. Ai 'hoomaka ae la e e hua mai la i ka nui loa ma hope o ka mea mua nui-unahiʻole, i hana. Penei, pharmaceuticals - kēiaʻanoʻenehana? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ai 'a me nā mea a pau kona kahu pono o kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana oihana puolo.

He aha ke ano o Pharmaceuticals

I keia la o ka honua o pharmaceuticals - o ka wahi o kaʻike, a me ka hana pono i ka pono o ka hanalima, nuipa a me ka waiwai e lilo aku o ka hemolele? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ai 'a me ka' ona. Ua haʻawina a pau, ao ke ano o ka nuipa a-hua huahana. Ma kona mākaukau.

• A like no ka laulā o ka ai 'a me ko lakou mau waiwai ma luna o nā kanaka kino.
• Ka like o Nine Inch constituents Medicine (laʻau heluna, lehulehu, a pela aku.).
• Ano o ka laʻau heluna ano, ki ina hana like o ka aaieieno? I? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me kuai ana.
• Ke physical Hawaii o ka lāʻau lapaʻau 'ona (nui, kinona, a no laila, ma luna o. D.).
• I ka 'ike loea hou a nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo, machines a me ka pono no ka hana, lako a? Iecaianoaaiiuo laina.
• Excipients lapaau a me kā lākou mau keiki ma luna o ka huina hoonui hope, a me ka kanaka kino.

ulu o pharmaceuticals

Ka mea lāʻau lapaʻau hana i waho i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia. I loko o kēia wā, he mau ka mua hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau kahi ai 'e ole i, akā, wale kuai. Ma ka manaʻo o ka Palapala Sila Nui ai 'haule iho. Nā paionia 'o ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiie o ai' i ua mau poe: o ka poe hua ammonia Bohm a me Pelletier - quinine. Ua hahai lākou mau kumu hoohalike ma na mea nona o kalepa keʻena kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, ma ke kumu o ka a ka nui? iecaianoaaiiie ala ma hope.

I ka wā o ka enterprising pharmacists ike i pharmaceuticals - ia ka loa waiwai, hoomaka ae la lakou e kukulu iho i ko lakou mau pāʻoihana. I ka 1827, he pharmacist Merck hoomaka ae la e paka ai 'nānā' ana i nā mea hoʻohui maoli (Morphine, quinine, a pela aku.), O na kanawai hea hou alakaʻi iā ia i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ka poʻe nui. Ke kumu o na mea he nui loa-ike mea lāʻau lapaʻau lama ua lilo i regular hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka laʻana, "Schering" (Kelemania) a me ka "Park-Davis" (USA).

Pharmaceutics a me kemika

'Aʻole wale nō keʻena kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau kaupalena' ana i kēia hana. Mea lāʻau lapaʻau 'ana e pili pū ana me ka Nine Inch oihana puolo. Nine neoneo huahana ua ke ho omaka i ka helu o ka poʻe koa hao wale, no kekahi laʻana, e like me "Bayer". i ka pilina State pilikino E pili ana i patenting laau lapaau kuleana i ke kūpono 'ana o ka hana.

Kekahi Hookah hiki ke hele mai me kou mau inoa lāʻau, a kūʻai lilo aku ia ma lalo o kona mau momoku ahi, a i ole pale 'ē aʻe hoʻomaopopo ai i ka ia huahana ma lalo o kekahi mau inoa. ʻana hoʻolaha a me ke kūʻai akuʻana paipai aʻo kai eʻe ua i ka lāʻau "aspirin" He 24 mau manawa oi pipiʻi ma mua o aspirin, i aku la ia, ma ka mea, ua.

Wehewehe nui loa aku ke kaua ma waena o Prussia a me Austria i ka 1866, e hoʻoulu i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o pharmaceuticals. Ka hope koa kāna hana e lawelawe ma Europe, i malama ia e like me ka impetus i ka kokololio ulu o ka nui-unahiʻole, i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka Palapala Sila Nui laau. Mamua o World War I ka luna o ka mea lāʻau lapaʻau hana i Hawaii, kona market kaʻana like i 20% o ka huina huli o ka lāʻau. Ma hope, ua laweʻia ka mea alakaʻi i ka 'Amelika poʻe lā.

Lūkini pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceuticals ma Rusia, hoomaka ae la kona kūpono 'ana me nā monasteries, kahi o ka ehaeha a pau i loaa ole wale kaʻaiʻuhane akā, i kōkua i ka hoola maʻi puʻuwai, lehulehu kōkua healers. I ka 1091 i loko o Rusia, o ka mua haukapila, ka initiator ua Pereyaslav kahuna Eperaima i hoʻokumu. Ua malamaia moʻolelo na inoa o na mea he nui monastic healers, a me ka mea e pono o nā kenekulia o ka veneration kekahi o lakou, no ka laʻana, Pimen Postnik a me Dimian Tselebnik.

Mongol-Tatar kaua, a me kekahi mau kenekulia o ka noho kauā kuapaʻa, i papani ai hoi i ka ulu ana o ka 'epekema i loko o nā hana o ke lapaau i kokoke oki e nei. Ka ukupanee i ka mea i ola ae la ia i loko o kaʻohana aliʻi i loko o 1547, ka wā i ke aloaliʻi mai Europe i lawe mai ai kekahi mau mākaukau.

Ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau muaʻikeʻia i loko o Moscow i ka noho alii ana o Ivan ka weliweli, ke kuleana o ke kookoo ua, e hana i kaʻohana aliʻi. Ua lilo i ke kumu no ka honua nei, hana Aptekarskaya keena. Ka mua ike loea ikepili ma luna o ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau i ole ola. Ua Ua manaoio aku ia ia i ke aupuni 'ia ma mua o ka Chudov hoailona ma ka Kremlin. All hana Ua ikaika hooponopono, na nā mea hoʻohui hoʻohana ma o ka kūikawā? Aaeno?, Noonoo iho la ua hanaʻia lapaau lako penei, i Hōʻike ka maʻiʻo o kēlā me kēia ke keʻena, a me ka helu a me ka inoa o ka mea nana i hana pharmacist lapaau. Ka puke Ua mālama i ka luna Aptekarskaya keena pu me nā lāʻau.

Peter mau nā mea hoʻololi

I ka 1654, he kula no ke aʻo ana o kauka a me pharmacists ua hamama. Public hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻauʻikeʻia ma Moscow i ka 1672, aʻaʻole ka mea, ua loihi ia mai ka Red Square, ua hāʻawiʻia ka inoa o ka mea hou,ʻaʻole e e hookahuli ai i ke aliʻi. Holomua ma kēia wahi i lawe mai i ka papa kuhikuhiE reformer o Rusia - Peter I. I ka 1701, e like me kona kanawai, ma Moscow eʻewalu mau pōʻeleʻele loa, he hamama. Ka nui a me ka loa holomua hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau i ia manawa ke aupuni 'ma Butcher Street i ka 1706. I ka hana ana o keia kula kikowaena ole wale ai 'hawaii laulā huahelu o nā kānaka kūʻai mai, akā, i ka lako hou i ka laau koa huahelu.

I ka 1714 Petr Veliky malaila i ka aʻe mihi o Medicine a Kapa hou i mea kaʻawili lāʻau hanai, i loko o ka Lapaʻau o Office. New kulanui i noho mana ana ma ke koa a me ka 'inikua hana, hooponopono o pharmacists. Ma ka hapalua like-18th kenekulia, i hoʻokumu 'ia i ka paukü 14 keʻena kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, a ikea mai la ka mea, i loko o na nui kulanakauhale.

E piʻi like o Lūkini pharmacists

Wahi lulu Pharmaceuticals ua i he nui na makana i ka honua 'epekema. Ka loa ma ko discoveries i hana 'ia i loko o ka Lapaʻau o-ʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau Academy (St. Petersburg). Ma ke kumu o ke kula, Kumu OV Zabelin hoʻonohonoho i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua kahi ho okolohua e hana pharmacological. Ma na hana o ka A. A. Sokolovskogo ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana e like me pharmacology a me pharmaceutics aʻo ma Moscow University. Na makana no ka hooulu ana o ka ai ', a hoomakaukau i na mea he nuiʻepekema hana ma ka huli ana o 19-20 kenekulia.

mea lāʻau lapaʻau huahana ma ka Soviet wā i puka mai ma hope o ka wā lōʻihi o ke ikea wale, hoʻokūpaʻa i ka hopenaʻoi loa a me ka maluhia o kona hoʻohana. Ke aupuni Ua kau akula ma luna i ka pukapuka o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua a me ka nui hana ma luna o ka hoʻololi kemikala o luna 'ai'. Ua hanaʻia nā huahana he o kiʻekiʻe e like ai. Ma keia manawa i ka Lūkini mea lāʻau lapaʻau hana loa complies me ka lahui hae. Hana he pukapuka o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, a? Iecaianoaaiiie mau e hoʻomōhala e hana hou ai ', ho okolohua me ka noiʻi' ana i mālama.

Russian mea lāʻau lapaʻau nā hale hana paka waiwai i loko o ke koi ma luna o ka wahi lulu popilikia a me ka haole kuai. Five o ka nui mea lāʻau lapaʻau poʻe o ka Russian Hui like penei:

• "AstraZeneca".
• JSC "Vertex".
• STADA Moscow.
• "Microgen".
• JSC "Grindeks".

Hooiaio "pharmacist"

Pharmaceuticals - o ka 'epekema a me ka hana o ke-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, e noi ana mākaukau nā limahana. Lapaʻau kula lńkou hoʻomalu i nāʻoihana kahuna, ai - pharmacists a me pharmacists. Pharmacist - he haukapila, he hana kūikawā hoomakaukauia ma ke kulanui, aʻo mau 4 makahiki. Pharmacistʻoihana haku i loko o kulanui no maluna o 7 makahiki (6 makahiki + 1 ka makahiki o ka internship).

Knowledge kumu pharmacists i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi eha. Ma hope iho o ke kala o ka poe akamai ma ke kula e hana ana i keʻena kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ka mea lāʻau lapaʻau aee, keʻena hoʻokolohua, hana kūikawā noiʻi institutes. nuiʻia a me ka dynamism hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau haumāna i o Laielohelohe. Ke hoʻomalu E ole ke hookuu wale i ka ka lapaʻauʻia, akā, e hāʻawi aʻo ma kekahi papa hana i waeʻia. Eia hou, i ka āpana o ka ike waihona ipu e leie aku e maopopo pehea ai 'i i, ka mea a ko lakou waiwai a me ka contraindications.

Owai la ka mea hiki ke holo hana limahana ha awina i - pharmaceuticals? A laau no kekahi mai ua i ma ka manao ana a me kaʻaeʻana i nā rula o ka ikaika a me ka 'ike loea. No ka mea pharmacist i ka 'oihana i loko o kekahi hapa o ka hana. Mau mea o ka hana ana i ke akamai:

• Ke pharmacist-kuai - hana i kalepa keʻena kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka laulā o nā kuleana ka lolouila pü me nā mea kūʻai mai, moolelo malama,? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kuhikuhi ai ', ka pololei waho pūnaewele o ka laau, restocking.
• Ke pharmacist-kanaka noiʻi hana i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. Nā Pahuhopu o ka noiʻi i këia i ka maʻi, hoola iho la keʻano o ka hanaʻana, i ka hana o ka koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, microflora, etc. ka loa hooikaika ka 'Oihana i komo i ka pilikia mea hoʻomaʻiʻAno (kōkua iā ia,, Ebola, a pela aku ...) No ka mea ulu o ka vaccines e ku e ia mau maʻi ...
• Pharmacists, nā kālepa koi i loko o ka mea lāʻau lapaʻau poʻe komo i loko o ka manaʻo o ko lākou mau lapaʻauʻia a me nā 'elele o ka nui hui.

Pharmaceuticals - he hoʻololi kemikala o ka 'epekema a me ka hana. pūkaʻina? iecaianoaaiiuo hoʻohana Aneane kekahi mea Lapaʻau hoomakaukau. A kupono kokoke i ka hoopau ana o ka laau lapaau kōkua ai i nā ka malama o ke ola a me ke ola mai ka maʻi he nui loa.