Russian rocket "Rokot": ano, 'ano a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Ka rocket "Rokot", - i ka Lūkini lawe rocket, i mea hiki ke haawi i ka ka Astronomical o ka malamalama, a me ka meakino payload. Ma ka luna ke kahua "Breeze-KM ', ia IeEeAUUXAAaO i ka 2150 kg o ka payload i ka kiʻekiʻena o 200 ei.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

He aha mea he lawe rocket "Rokot"? Ua Ua nānā 'ana i Melia ballistic Kao lele lako kaua A Hawaiian-100N, iʻikeʻia me SS-19 Stiletto. A Hawaiian-100N ulu hoomaka i ka makahiki 1970 a me ka AIM o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ICBMs A Hawaiian-100, a hana i kekahi nui mokulele i hiki hookiekie kaumaha ma wahie.

Holo ana e ho'āʻo ai i alakaʻi i ka manawa mai ka 1973 a hiki i 1975, a me ka'ōnaehana i hana ana i ka 1974. ka makahiki 1978, ua hanaʻo ia i ka huina Moʻolako o 190 Kao lele lako kaua. Ka holomua mana, i kapaʻia A Hawaiian-100UTTH, Ua Komikina'Āina i ka 1979, a auou caiaiai nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike kahiko, ae hiki aku i ka i kā mākou pua paha o ka 360 huahelu.

Ka nukelea pale kaua

A Hawaiian-100 Kao lele lako kaua ke lawe mai i ka eono kuokoa kū kaʻawale targetable warheads me ka laulā o ka 10,000 ei. Ka mea hiki ke makaukau e holo no 25 minuke ma kekahi 22-makahiki holopapa ola. Melia ballistic Kao lele lako kaua A Hawaiian-100, a nō ka hana.

Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ka Hawaii Kaua ma ka Khrunichev Khrunichev mea kaua i redesigned a hoʻolako pono me ke kālā no avionics a me ka hoaka o ke kahua "Breeze-KM ', i ae la ia ia i ka hoʻohana' ana i ka lewa Launch kaa. NGOs " 'enekinia," kekahi revolutionized ka A Hawaiian-100 Launch kaa, akā, me ka nui ka hoʻololi' ana, e pili ana i ka'ōlewa emi mai, akā, emi pipiʻi i hoʻomākaukauʻia no ka wehe uuku payloads i loko o haʻahaʻa Honua ka Astronomical. Ma keia hoʻonohonohoʻia, ka mea, ua ikeia e like me "pua".

Mai ka Baikonur cosmodrome ma Plesetsk

Ka mua Launch o "Rokot" Launch Ua paʻa November 20, 1990, mai ka Baikonur Cosmodrome, aneea oneiaey. Ka mua orbital holo i wahi ma December 26, 1994. A ma ka 1995, o ka poe Eurockot, a me ke kōkua o i ka Lūkini lawe rocket "Rokot" Ua hana i kau aku ma luna o ka makeke no kalepa OOOXO.

Ka poe i loaa ia lakou 45 spacecraft. I ka 2000, ua kuai Astrium he 51% ua lü Eurockot. Ka i koe, 49% waiwai Khrunichev. Ma May 2000, mai ka cosmodrome "Plesetsk" "Rokot" i ee ole, mai ka koʻu, i hiki mai ai i ka "Baikonur", a me ka aina amo ipu.

Ka rocket "Rokot": Features

Ke spacecraft mea he mau-kahua "Breeze KM" Zhidkotoplivnyy booster ua ana i hoʻolako pono i ka hope ke kahua, i mea hiki ke hoopakele i ka payload no i ka 2140 kg haʻahaʻa honua ka Astronomical a me 1200 kg la-synchronous.

Hiʻona o ka lawe rocket "Rokot" e like penei:

• kiekie o 29,15 m,
• ka nui anawaena o 2,5 m,
• e hoʻomaka ana kaupaona ana o ka 107 000 kg,
• Wahie - unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) a me ka naikokene tetroxide.

mua ke kahua

Ka mua ke kahua o ka lawe rocket malamalama papa "rumble" He 17,2 m + lōʻihi, a 2,5 ka m ma ka anawaena. Pahu me ka naikokene tetroxide ua aia ma luna o ka moku me ka unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. Elua, he pono ole pahu hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma ka paku. Hookiekie ana ke kaupaona - 77.200 kg, 5700 kg inertnaya-.

Ka mea mua ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao e hoʻohana RD-0233, a RD-0234 wale. Lakou mau manao, ua like, akā, i ka RD-0234 i ka wela poe kuai i pau ai'opihia kinoea i ka wahie poʻina nalu, e hoopaa iho ia lakou ma ke koi 'ia puʻe ma ka pae mua o ka holo.

All kiko'ī - mīkini peahi uila EII ni me ka paʻa loop. Kēlā me kēia i nā 470 kn hoʻokulaʻi iho kekahi iā ia me ka huina o ka 1.870 kn a 190.700 kg. Holo Rod mua ke kahua - 2070 kn (211.100 kg) engine 520 kn.

Na Makuahine ua hoʻolako 'ia e kekahi kanaka gimbal ka wehe ana o kela a me keia o na kiko'ī eha. Hours - 121.

Ke kaawale Ua lawe mai i ka wela ana. Vernier Hawaii o ka lua o ke kahua ua ignited mua o ka hookaawale ana ka anu u. Hatches hoouna eha mokulele hēkī nozzles mai. Ma hope o hoʻomakaʻano papa hana pyrotechnic vernier a no ka maluhiluhi pushes ka pau keia la mua ke kahua. Eia hou, ka mea, ua lako pono me eha paa rocket Hawaii i ignited ma hope o kaawale, e lawe ia i ka loihi palekana.

Ka lua o ke kahua

Ka lua o ke kahua, he 3,9 lōʻihi ka m, a 2,5 ka m ma ka anawaena. Kona kaumaha, he 1,500 kg hua hoʻohui 10.700 kg o ka wahie. Pahu me ka oxidant, a me ka wahie pahu ke aupuni 'ma luna, a kaawale mai ia ma na paku.

Ke kahua Ua lako pono me ka turbo kiko'ī o ka paʻa kalapona: o ka luna o ka RD-0235 a me ka RD-eha-o ke keʻena o vernier 0236, e kū i ka olelo o ka holo.

RD-0235 i ka palena iki holo hou o 240 kn (24,470 kg), no ka hoʻolako i ka lāʻau ikiʻai o 320 p.

RD-0236 hoʻolako traction 15,76 kn (1,607 kg) a me ka 293 hana. hiki ke hoʻoneʻe kēlā me kēia o nā nozzles eha o ka engine ma ka gimbal ma kekahi (axis), ka hoʻolako 'i ka hooponopono ana Kao lele lako kaua kohoʻia i ka lua o ka pae o ka lele. Aia ua hoi hoʻohana i ka'ōnaehana wela kinoea, e hana i ka pono puʻe i loko o ka pahu poʻina nalu.

luna ke kahua

"Rumble" ka rocket ua lako pono ia me ka luna ke kahua, a he ekolu ka papa kuhikuhi pauku - Hawaii, encapsulation o ka ukana pahu, a me ka palapala pahu, ua hui me ka lua o ke kahua.

"Breeze KM" He 2,6 m + ka lōʻihi, 2,5 ka m ma ka anawaena a me ka nuipa o 1320 kg. Heptyl pahu aia ma luna o ka ipu me ka oxidant. Ka hope i ka conical palapala, a me ka recess e lawa i ka papa kuhikuhiE engine. "Breeze KM" hiki lawa 1665 kg a me 3310 kg UDMH oxidant. E malama i ke koi 'ia puʻe i loko o ka pahu poʻina nalu, a pneumatic e hooponopono me ka hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe puʻe helium.

Ke kikowaena hapa o ka aeie ninoieo o ka ipu me ka oxidant, hoolilo ma luna o ka wahie pahu. He mau pahu poʻina nalu i hoʻolako pono me ka neaa a me ka pneumatic nenoai, a me na baffles e pale wai hitting i ka pa o ke 'ole. Ka mea, i ka toroidal ÿano me ka recess ma ka lalo no ka papa kuhikuhiE propulsion'ōnaehana, hiki e kń i ka lōʻihi o ke kahua. Lalo o ka pahu a me ka papa kuhikuhiE propulsion kiko'ī a me ka noaaeeecaoee, a kohoʻia, a me ka spherical poʻina nalu me ka helium a me ka wahie ia lakou. uhi lako a me ka thermal'īpale pale excessive anuanu maila 'o ka wahie a lakou aloha ia kona (viscosity), a me ka hiki ke alakai i ke kūpaleʻana mai o na ohe a me ka pahu poʻina nalu.

lako a kai kūʻono

I ka luna o ka hihia i loko o ka hulu truncatedʻohana ke aupuni '? Ieaoa pahu iloko olaila o nā mōlina, ina o ka mea hoʻonoho o kekahi luna, telemetry modules, iuo aaoa? A me ka launa pu, nenoai. Hana maʻalahi adapters i 2,49 ka m ma ka anawaena.

Ma ka lalo o 60 knm mea hoʻopili ai pili aku "Breeze KM" a hiki i ka lua o ke kahua, e like me ka hoʻolako 'ka piʻiʻana i nā fairings.

I ka hoʻonui mokuna mau wahie nenoai i hoʻokō: he haʻahaʻa puʻe no ka papa kuhikuhiE engine, a me ka kiʻekiʻe puʻe engine noaaeeecaoee, a kohoʻia. Ma nā hoʻohana chetyrohokis unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine a me ka naikokene, a i ignited koke ma hope o hele mai ana i loko o hui 'ana me kekahi i kekahi.

kiko'ī booster

heluia, e hooponopono kiko'ī hoʻohana i ka "makani KM" i 17D58E inoa, a i ka palena iki hou o 13,3 N. kēlā aeie i ka lōʻihi o 14 knm, a kaupaona 550 g. kū'ē micromotor ua hoʻohana i ka hoʻohuihui lākiō o 1: 1,85 a me ka palena iki hoʻokomo o puʻe 14,7 hookolokolo, akā, e mea hiki ke hoole aku i ke kiʻekiʻe a paÿa ka ÷ 7,8 i 34,3 bar. No ka heluia, e hooponopono propulsion nenoai hoʻohana i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale pololei me ka pae'ōnaehana manawa palena iki o 0,03 mau, akā, 17D58E i hooiaioia e hana noke no i ke 10,000 kekona. Ke engine ku 450.000 pōʻaiapuni.

Ka mana lako'ōnaehana booster

"Breeze knm" Ua hoʻolako pono a me kona mau mana lako'ōnaehana oia hoi o kekahi o na pu ki a me ka mana o ka makana nenoai i hoomakaukau mai ai i 7 hola o ka hana ke kahua, e ka Astronomical. Mea hana pahu nā telemetry manaʻo me transmitters a me antennas, a me ka leki no nāʻikepili pūnaewele a me ka EYI. alakaʻi, hoʻokele a me ka hooponopono mea kuleana no ka holo ana i nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ua ninoieo o ka pola me ka inertial alakaʻi oia hoi o ka 3-axis gyroscope me onboard kamepiula 'ē aʻe. I ka'ōnaehana i Triple redundancy me ka nui hooholo ana-ana. He piha hana nona iho, aʻaʻole hiki ke noho mana ana mai o ka waho.

cowling

"Rokot" Kao lele lako kaua ua lako pono me ka fairing, i ka papahana manaʻoi no ka mea kalepa mana o ka spacecraft. Ua Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka mea kani pahu mauka ke kahua. Ua he o nā'āpana poʻohiwiʻelua o ka 7,8 ka m ma ka lōʻihi, a pu i ka elliptical palapala o 2,5 e 2,62 ka m ma ka anawaena. E kau i ka payload mea 5,9 ka m i loko o kona kiʻekiʻe.

Ke fairing i malama i ka spacecraft mai aerodynamic, thermal a me ka acoustic ololi ka lawe 'ana ma luna ona i ka holo i loko o ka lewa. A hiki aku ka mea, haʻalele ka rocket fairing ua hookuu ma ka weheʻana i ke paʻi laka, me ka Haka elua hapa-leho ma ka laina vertical o ke kaawale ana ma ke pyrotechnic mea kau i ka ihu o ka fairing. A laila, ma ka laina ana papamoe, o ke kaawale ana e pana aku ai kekahi mau pahū hoʻopaʻa i, hiki i ka fairing, e lūlū aku laterally ma koʻokoʻo waipuna. Loop ma ke kumu o ke kuapo i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o ke kaa a me ka mōakāka kaawale ana.

Pūnaewele a me ka Launch kahua

Like o ka SS-19, a e hoʻomaka mai na mines, ua hua mai Launch o ka lawe rocket "Rokot" mai ka amo a me ka Launch ipu ma ke cosmodrome Plesetsk, Rusia. Ke Kao lele lako kaua i waiho ai no ka lōʻihi manawa, e pono ai i ka mana o climatic rula a me ka malama ana i ka naikokene lewa. Halihali a me ka mea hoʻonoho ma ka Launch pale i hua mai la i loko o ka ipu. Eia kekahi, o ka ipu maupaʻa loa no ka mālama '-Launch hoomakaukau ana a me ka? Aneie palekana.

Mamua o hoʻomaka ka mea, ua hoʻonui, a ma ka booster i ka payload, ka luna ke kahua a me ka fairing. E hoʻohui i kekahi ipu no ka refueling Library e like me ka mana a me kaʻikepili uwea. Ma ka pololei kulana rocket "rumble"ʻanuʻu ma ke apo ma ka lalo o ka ipu. Ma takeoff discontinuous uwea i disconnected me mechanical nenoai. Iloko o ka Launch o ka mea ua alakaʻiʻia e nā mawah. Ka ipu i malama i ka Launch pale o ka engine hoʻomehana honua, a ua hoʻohana hookahi.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Ka holo aku o rockets "Rokot" E, aole kahe i ka 2017 ma hope o ka hoʻokō 'ana o ka lokoʻino a pekelala a me ka kālepa OOOXO.

Ka inoa SS-19 Stiletto - NATO o ka inoa no kēia 'ano o ka ICBM. SS aia no ka'ōnaehana "lepo-honua" a me ka helu 19 a me ka inoa "Stiletto" häʻawi mai ai iä ia 'ano o ka Melia ballistic Kao lele lako kaua. Ma Rusia, ka kūhelu inoa o ka SS-19 - RS-18 a me ka A Hawaiian-100N.

Ka mea maikaʻi e pili ana i ka lewa rocket "Rokot" wahi a kona pono, a ua hookupaa iho la ia ma ka 27ʻana OOOXO mai o 29. A o ka 150 OOOXO SS-19 3 wale, ua pomaikai ole oe i ka mua o ka hana i ka makahiki 1970. e paa makahiki ho'āʻo OOOXO o SS-19, a "Rokot" me hapa o kéu hoʻomaopopo i ka pono o ka spacecraft, a me nā aʻo o ka cosmic koa.