Shredinger Ervin: hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo, Kawaihae, Kaka, kiʻi, nā kaha puana'ī. Schrödinger ka popoki

Erwin Schrödinger (makahiki o ke ola - 1887-1961) -'Aukekulia physicist, ka mea iʻikeʻia e like me kekahi o na Mamua o ka quantum mechanics. I ka makahiki 1933, ua loaa i ka Nobel makana i loko o ke kālaikūlohea. Shredinger Ervin helu kaulike o ke kumu o ka papa ma keia pauku like 'ole-relativistic quantum mechanics. Ua Ua ike i keia la, e like me ka Schrödinger helu kaulike.

Ke me Kinohi, i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Vienna - i kekahi kulanakauhale ma i i hanau mākou, he nui poʻokela kanaka, a me ka nui physicist Erwin Schrödinger. Pōkole Kawaihae o kona a me ka manawa o ka nui hoihoi,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o 'epekema koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Kona makua kāne i Rudolf Schrödinger, industrialist a me ka botanist. Kona makuwahine i ke kaikamahine o ka kūloko Kumu o kemika, Kulanui o Vienna. Ua ua hapalua ka Englishwoman. E like me ke keiki Ervin Shredinger, he Hawaii photo o ka a au e loaʻa i loko o kēia 'atikala, ua aʻo English, ua ike oia, a me ka Kelemānia. Kona makuahine i kekahi Lutheran, a me kona makua kāne - he Roma Hui.

Ma 1906-1910 GG., Ma hope o ua noho mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe,ʻo ia aʻo ma ka Shredinger Ervin Gazenerlya F. a me F. S. Eksnera. I ka manawa'ōpio wale nō ka mea, ua hoihoi i loko o nā hana o Schopenhauer. Ua wehewehe i kona kuleana i loko o kālaiʻike, a me hikina, waihoʻoluʻu kumumanaʻo a me ka pokole, Vedanta.

Service, mare, hana Kumu

Shredinger Ervin i mālama ai e like me ka mea kaua ma luna i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1914 a hiki i 1918. I ka 1920, Erwin mare. Kana wahine lilo A. Bertel. Kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine, loaa iho la ia ma Zeemahe kauwela o 1913, ho okolohua i lawe mai ka wā, e pili ana i ka lewa uila. A laila, i ka makahiki 1920, lilo 'o ia i ka haumana o M. Wine, ka poe i hana ma ke Kulanui o Jena. A makahiki ma hope, Shredinger Ervin hoomaka ae la e hana i loko o Stuttgart, kahi ona e waiho ana he ÷ ino Kumu. A iki ma hope, ma ka ia 1921, ua neʻe akula i Breslau, kahi ona e waiho ana, ua he piha Kumu. I ke kauwela o Erwin Schrödinger neʻeʻo ia i Zurich.

Life ma Zurich

Life i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i ua loa pono no ke nä känaka 'epekema. Ka mea e ole wale no ka 'epekema o ke aloha, e hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i ko lakou manawa Ervin Shredinger. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ke nä känaka 'epekema ka ola nā i kona aloha no ka iaoeo e huakaʻi a me ka mauna piʻi akula nō hoʻi. A me na mauna kokoke, hoomakaukau aku la ia ia i ka manawa pono e noho i loko o Zurich. Eia hou kekahi, Schrodinger ho'ākāka akula ia me kona mau nā hoapili Paulem Sherrerom, Peterom Debaem a me Germanom Veylem, ka mea i hana ma ka Zurich Polytechnic. A pau i kēia ka pilina i ka 'epekema hana.

Naʻe, i ka manawa i Erwin lilo ma Zurich, i hoomaluia e ka nui maʻi i loko o 1921-22. Ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka maʻi me ka pulmonary tuberculosis, no laila hoʻopaʻaʻia 9 mahina i loko o ka Hawaiian Alpino, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale e akoakoa ai o Arosa. I loko nō o kēia, i ka Zurich makahiki no Turtle lilo iho la i ka loa hua no Erwin. Ua uaʻaneʻi i palapala iho la oia i kana mau hana ma luna o mechanics nalu, a ua lilo i Classic. Ua ua ikeia e loa Weil kokua aku la ia ia, e lanakila i ka makemakika pilikia pilikia e Erwin Schrödinger.

Schrödinger helu kaulike

I ka 1926, Erwin Ua paʻiʻia i loko o ka 'epekema puke mea loa nui' atikala. Ua Ua poe ma ka helu kaulike, ua ike like me ka Schrödinger helu kaulike. Ma kēia 'atikala (Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem) ka mea, ua hoʻohana i pili i ka pilikia o ka hydrogen'Ātoma. Me ka mea Schrodinger wehewehe kona pae. He 'atikala o kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o ka ke kālaikūlohea o ka 20th kenekulia. It Schrödinger waiho iho la i ke kumu o ka hou hema ma ka 'epekema - mechanics nalu.

Hana i loko o ka University o Pelelina

i kona hele ana a hiki i ka 'ihiʻihi University o Pelelina Fame, ka poe i hele mai i ke nä känaka' epekema, weheia. Erwin lilo i moho no ka oihana o ke Kumu o kaʻimi naʻauao ke kālaikūlohea. Ua noa kēia lāʻau kū ma hope pono ai na papa kahi hoi ana. Schrodinger, lanakila kanalua, oluolu ke kaumaha. He i oihana October 1, 1927.

Ma Pelelina, Erwin loaʻa kekahi e like-manao hoa i loko o ka maka Alberta Eynshteyna, Max Planck, Max av Laue. Pü ana me ia, o ka papa, hooeueu ae la i nä känaka 'epekema. Schrodinger University o Pelelina alakai haʻi'ōlelo ma ke kālaikūlohea, alakaʻi seminā ke kālaikūlohea Colloquium. Eia hou,ʻo ia komo i loko o nāʻaha hui hana. Aka hoi, i ka mau, Erwin mālama iā ia iho. Kēia Ua hōʻikeʻia Memories o kona wā, e like me kona nele ana o na haumana.

Erwin haʻalele Germany, ka Nobel uku

I ka makahiki 1933, ka wā Hitler i hele mai i ka mana, ia i haʻalele i ke Kulanui o Pelelina Ervin Shredinger. Kona Kawaihae, e like me kou ike, ua hoailono aku la ka lehulehu e holo. I keia manawa i ke nä känaka 'epekema hiki ole ke hana pela. I ke kauwela o 1937 waenakonu-elemakule Schrödinger, ka poe i makemake ole e waiho i ka mea hou? Eia aʻu i manao e neʻe. It E e kaulana i kona rejection o Nazism Schrodinger aole hōʻike akea. He i makemake ole e ālai ia 'aʻe i loko o kālai'āina. Aka hoi, ma ka Kelemania mau makahiki, koe wale apolitical ua aneane hiki ole i.

Anna i keia manawa, Frederick Lindemann, he physicist Pelekāne, kipa Germany., He kono Schrödinger, e kiʻi i kekahi 'oihana ma ke Kulanui o Oxford. Nä känaka 'epekema, e hele ana ma South Tyrol no ke kauwela aiiia, i ole hoi ia Pelelina. Together me kana wahine, ua hele mai i Oxford ma October 1933, i ka hōʻeaʻana mai o Erwin aʻo koke ma hope e pili ana i ka hoʻolilo 'ana o ka Nobel Pilimehana makana (pu me Paul Dirac).

Jobs ma Oxford

Schrödinger ma Oxford i kekahi lālā o Magedala College. i aʻo hana He ua. Together me nā emigrantsʻepekema loaa lako polokalamu mai imperial Nine hana mau hoa a pau. Aka hoi, ua hiki ole e hoʻohana 'ia ka malihini nā wahi o ke kulanui. Kekahi o na kumu - nele o ka hoʻonaʻauao kula, aʻo i kaʻoihanaʻano nui ma ka hana kuʻuna theological a me humanities, hoihoi i loko o kēia ke kālaikūlohea. Ua i Schrödinger haha aku i ka mea, i ole pono e like me ke kiʻekiʻe uku a me ka wahi. Kekahi kēia lākiō o ka discomfort o ke nä känaka 'epekema mea pakahi aku la ia nohona ola, a ua piha ka formalities a me ka Aha-elele. Kēia a koi aku i ke ku okoa ana o Schrödinger, like oia wale iho no ke komo. Pau kēia mau mea a me nā hana nui loa ia, e like me kń i ka hoʻolako 'ia o ana o ka polokalamu ma ka 1936 i kipaku Erwin noonoo i ka' oihana kaumaha. Once Schrodinger kipa Edinburgh, ua hoʻoholo e hoʻi i ka hale.

Ohana

Ma ka Akuma ka o 1936, hoomaka ae la ke nä känaka 'epekema e hana i loko o ka Graz University me he Kumu o kaʻimi naʻauao ke kālaikūlohea. Eia naʻe, i kona noho ana i loko o Austria ua pōkole-i noho ai. Ma March 1938, i ka Anschluss i ka aina, a lilo ae la kekahi hapa o Nazi Germany ia. Nä känaka 'epekema a me kōkua mai i ka Rector o ke Kulanui, kakau laua i palapala no hoolaulea, hōʻike i kona makemake, e waiho mai me ke aupuni hou. March 30 ka mea i paʻiʻia, a kauoha ae la i ka io naoh ma ka aoao o expatriate nā hoapili. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau anaʻana i ole kōkua Erwin. No ka mea, o ka pili aupuni unreliability, ia i hoʻokuʻu mai i nā kia e ku e ia ia. Schrodinger kūhelu e hōʻike i loaa i loko o August 1938

Rome, a Dublin

Nä känaka 'epekema hele aku ai i Roma, me Fascist Italy i laila, ka mea wale nō i loko o moku'āina i ke komo papala noi huakaʻi ua i koi' ia (ka mea hiki ole haawi Erwin). Ma keia manawa Schrödinger ua hoʻomaopopo Eamon De Valera, Ipelana Kuhina Nui Kuhina. He ua he mathematician ma ke aʻo a me ka hoʻoholo i kūkulu i luna ia ma Dublin, he hou kula. De Valera i ili mai ai no ka Erwin a me kana wahine, maalo papala noi huakaʻi, wehe e hooholo ia maʻEulopa. A hele mai la lakou i Oxford ma ka Akuma ka o 1938. Like loa me ka hanaʻaha hui no ka puka o ke kula, ma Dublin, Erwin i kekahi? Aiaiiuie lapauila ma Ghent, Pelekiuma. Keia wahi ua hoʻolako 'ia e ke kumu o ka Frank Foundation.

Hereʻepekema, a ike i ka Apana World War. Uao De Valera kōkua Erwin (ka mea, ma hope o ka Anschluss Ua noʻonoʻo i ka German keia, i mea no ka enemi o ke aupuni) e hele ma 'Enelani. He hiki i ke poʻo o Hawaii, Okatoba 7, 1939

Hana ma ka Dublin Institute hope makahiki

Dublin Institute no ka Pae holomua Lālā Haʻawina Ua kauoha aku wehe i loko o June 1940, Erwin i ka mua Kumu o kaʻimi naʻauao ke kālaikūlohea - kekahi o na mau lālā mua. Eia hou kekahi, ua hoonohoia oia i ka luna hoʻokele o ke kula,. I kela kookoo oʻu, ikea mai la hope (i waena o lākou W. Heitler, Yanoshi L. a me C. Lanczos, e like me'ōpio physicists he nui), hiki i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho loa i ka noiʻi.

Erwin alakaʻi i ka'Sophomore', haʻi'ōlelo, i hoʻoili i ke kula kau wela ma ke kula,, ka poe i kipa i ka koʻikoʻi loa, physicists oʻEulopa. I ka papa kuhikuhiE scientific hoihoi i loko o Ipelana Schrödinger makahiki i ka kumumanaʻo o ka umekaumaha, e like me nīnūnē e moe ma ka huina o nā sciences - ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kālaimeaola. Ma 1940-45 GG. a mai ka 1949 a hiki i ka makahiki 1956 i ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka luna hoʻokele o ka Māhele o kaʻimi naʻauao ke kālaikūlohea. A laila, ua hoʻoholo iholaʻo ia e hoʻi i ko lākou'āina, hoomaka ae la oia e hana ma ke Kulanui o Vienna Kumu o kaʻimi naʻauao ke kālaikūlohea. Ma hope o 2 makahiki, ke nä känaka 'epekema, ka mea i ka manawa ua pinepine maʻi, ua hoʻoholo i ka haʻalele.

Schrodinger malaila i ka makahiki hope o kona ola i loko o Alpbach, Tyrol kauhale. Ke nä känaka 'epekema make ma muli o ka aggravation o tuberculosis i loko o ka haukapila o Vienna. Ka mea, ua January 4, 1961 ma Alpbach i kanu Erwin Schrödinger.

Schrödinger ka popoki

E Nihi Ka paha lohe e pili ana i ke ola ana o keia kŰia. Akā, kanaka mamao mai ka 'epekema, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO uuku ua ike e pili ana ia ia. Mākou E hoi kamailio e pili ana i keia me ka mea nui a me ka hana hoihoi loaʻa ia i Ervin Shredinger.

"Schrödinger ka popoki" - he kaulana manao hoʻokolohua, i paa Erwin. Nä känaka 'epekema hoʻohana' ana i ka mea makemake, e hōʻike i ka quantum mechanics mea kāpili, ka wā subatomic (particles) mai ka hoʻololi i macroscopic nenoai.

Paukū Erwin hōʻike no kēia hoʻokolohua ikea i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia e wehewehe i ka? Eaia e like, kekahi paha oia e olelo aku nei, o ka impersonation. Ke nä känaka 'epekema mai nei ia aia no he popoki, a me ka pahu i loko o a he mea heʻano papa hana ec i ka ipu o ka niho kinoea, a radioactive'ātoma nucleus. Ma ka hoʻokolohua, e wae i nā mea kiko'î a no laila, ua disintegration o ka nucleus me ka pahiki o 50% no hola ana. Inā mea Huila Wai 'Aʻohe, a me ke kinoea ipu, e wehe a me ka popoki make ana. Naʻe, ina keia 'ole e hana, i ka holoholona, e ola ia.

Ka hopena o ka hoʻokolohua

No laila, haʻalele ka holoholona i loko o ka pahu, e kali oe i ka hora, a hoala mai i ka ninau ina ka popoki mea ola paha,ʻaʻole? E like me ke quantum mechanics,'ātoma nucleus (a ma keia hope aku i ka holoholona) o ka poʻe i loko o nā mea a pau Hawaii (quantum superposition). Ka'ōnaehana o "popoki - kāna mau 'ōlelo" ma mua o ka puka ana o ka pahu ua "Ua make popoki, e hina kāna mau' ōlelo" he 50% manawa i loko o ka a me ka pahiki o 50%, "Ua ola ka popoki, ua i uhai aku i ka Kora naʻEsau." Ua huli mai ia i ka holoholona i loko, ma ka ia manawa, a make iho la i.

E like me ka Copenhagen ano, o ka popoki e nō e kekahi e ola ana a make, me kekahi palapala Hawaii. Ka moku'āina o ka hoʻopöʻino 'ia o ka nucleus ua koho, wehe i ka wā o ka pahu ua, a ina e komo ka nucleus i loko o ka mīkini hopu ka mea hewa. Ma hope iho o ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka papa i ka nalu i loko o keia hihia ka mea, ua i pili i ka pahu ma ka kilo (ke kanaka), a me ka Kora naʻEsau luna (mīkini hopu ka mea hewa).

Eia kekahi hana hoihoi hoʻokolohua 'ana i mālama Ervin Shredinger. Wehe ia i impetus i ka hou 'ana o ke kālaikūlohea. Ma ka hopena, au makemake makemake e kuhikuhi aku i nā māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana o i ia mea:

• "He - o ka wale mea i loaʻa i pau."
• "I hele ana wau e ku e ia i ke kahe, akā, i ka pele ao ao hoʻololi."

Ua manao i ka hoike i ke physicist nui nona ka inoa - Erwin Schrödinger. Quotes, luna, ae he iki, e hoike aku i kona pā honua.