Noiʻi ma Africa a me kā lākou mau puka

Ma keia 'atikala, e hoʻomanaʻo mākou i ka makana i hiki i ke kūpono' ana o ka hana kemika noiʻi Africa. Lākou mau discoveries Ua hoʻololi loa i ka manaʻo o ka Dark'āinapuniʻole.

Ka mua haʻawina ma Africa

Ka mua ike kaapuni a puni kaʻApelika Waena'āinapuniʻole ua, ua lawe mai i kakahiaka nui me 600 BC. e ka. noiʻi a kahikoʻAigupita ma luna o nā kauoha o Parao Neko. ʻApelika Waena paionia 'hele aku a puni o ka'āinapuniʻole, a loaa ole i keia aina.

A i loko o ka Middle Ages, keia hapa o ka honua, hoomaka ae la e i hopohopo nui ma Europa, a alakai aku i kaʻeleu kuai me ka o Tureke, resold ma ka nui o na lilo Pākē a me ka Mauna waiwai. Keia ua paipaiʻia nā hoʻokele Europa, e ho'āʻo i ka 'imi i ko lakou mau ala, e India, a China i mea e pale aku i ka' uao 'ana Turkish.

ʻApelika Waena noiʻi ikeia'ku, a me kā lākou loaʻa i alakaʻi ai nui i ka mōʻaukala o ko ke ao nei. Ka mua huakaʻi i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ke Pukiki, wahi Genri. Iloko o ka holo mua luina ike Boyador lae, a ua aia ma ka komohana o Africa. Noiʻi Ua manao i keia mea i ka southernmost wahi o ka pelapela a. Hoikehonua, haumana manaoio i na Pukiki wale makau oʻeleʻele kamaaina. O ka poʻeʻEulopa manaoio aku i ka la i kau ai haʻahaʻa ma ka aina hou, na na kamaaina puhi i ka eleele.

Pukiki, Korol Huan II e iai? Oaiaaiiua he hou huakaʻi, alakaʻiʻia Bartolomeo Diaz, a ua ike i ka Cape o Good Hope i ka 1487 - ka maoli southernmost wahi o ka pelapela a. Kēia loaʻa kōkua i ke ala a hiki i ka hikina'āina o ka poʻeʻEulopa alakai. I 1497-1499 Vasco Da Gama mua ma India, a hoi aku la i Portugal.

Systematize i ka ike i loaaʻi, e kōkua papaaina "noiʻi ma Africa", ma lalo nei.

Ma hope iho o kēia Kaka, o ka poʻeʻEulopa ninini i loko o Africa. Ma ka 16th kenekulia ka mea, hoomaka ae la ka hoʻokuapaʻa ', a ua hopuia na 17th loa mau mea o kaʻeleʻele'āinapuniʻole a me ka panalāʻau. Noho kauwa ole ana la i ka malamaia Liberia, a Ethiopia wale. Ma ka 19th kenekulia hoomakaʻeleu noiʻi ma Africa.

David Livingstone

HawaiianʻImi Loa o Africa David Livingstone i ka mua 'Eulopa nä känaka' epekema i pomaikai ae la lakou i loko o ke kūkulu hema i ke kūkulu'ākau, e kela kapa o ka Kalahari Desert. He ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka kūloko heluna o ka wao nahele panorama, - i ka malihini-Tswana noho a nomadic bushmen. Ma ka akau o ka Kalahari oia loaʻa gale nahele e ulu ma ka muliwai mau kapa, a? Oaony e makaikai i ka nui muliwai o Africa.

No hoi,ʻepekema i? Anoee i ka moana wai Ngami, River Zambezi, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka Bushmen ohana, a me bakalahari Makololo, a loaa Lake Dilolo, komohana runoff a i hanai i ka Kongo a me ka hikina - Zambezi. I ka 1855 ka mea, ua weheia he nui ka wailele, a ua kapaia ma hope o ka Pelekania Queen Victoria. Livingstone lilo loa ka maʻi, a ua hele aku no ka manawa. Ua loaʻa i ka hele Genri Morton Stenli, a me ka pu ka mea, kaupaona i nā Lake Tanganyika.

Ka hapa nui o kona ola hoʻolaʻa kanaka noiʻi o Aferika, ua he misionari a me ka humanist, ho'āʻo e hooki i ka hoʻokuapaʻa. Nä känaka 'epekema make i kekahi o kona poe kaua kiʻi e kaua.

Mungo Park

Mungo Park i nā huakaʻi kaua, a hiki i ka Black'āinapuniʻole. Ke AIM ua e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma West Africa, o ka oi aku kona Kalaiaina, na kumu o na muliwai Gambia a me Sinegal. Ua mea i kupono e hoʻopili e hookupaa nui ae i ka kūlike loa wahi o ke kulanakauhale o Timbuktu, a o ka poʻeʻEulopa mai ai i ua wahi, ua lohe wale mai i ka na kamaaina.

Kākoʻo ana i ka huakaʻi i Dzhozef Benks, ka mea i komo i loko o ka holo mua o James Cook. Ke Bedroom A ua uku - wale 200 paona.

Ka huakaʻi mua i apo akuk ai i ka 1795. Ua hoomaka me ka waha o ka Gambia, kahi i laila, he mau ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia ana. Mai kekahi o ia mau mea, he kanaka noiʻi i nā kānaka kōkua maʻekolu pii aku la i ka Gambia. Ka Pisani la oia i haʻakoi e hooki no elua mahina, like me ka malaria.

Ma hope, hele aku la no hoi i ka Gambia a me kona hoʻokupu NERICA, ma ka hema palena o ka Sahara, kahi āna i pio. A mau mahina ma hope o ka nä känaka 'epekema e hoʻokele i pakele, a hiki i ka muliwai o Nigera. Hereʻo ia i ka loaʻa - o Nigera mea i ke kumu o ka Gambia a me Senegal, naʻe mua ia o ka poʻeʻEulopa manaoio i ka mea, ua maheleia. Kekahi manawa noiʻi holo ÿana i Nigeria, akā, houʻino, a hoi aku la i ka waha o ka Gambia.

Ka lua o ka huakaʻi i iai? Oaiaaiea maikaʻi, 40 kanaka komo i loko o laila. Ke AIM ua e noiʻi ana i ka o Nigera River. Naʻe, i ka heleʻana e hoʻokuʻikahi. No ka mea, o ka mea maʻi, ua hiki ke loaʻa 11 wale poʻe ola a me ka clashes me ka na kamaaina i Bamako. Park hele aku ma luna o ka huakaʻi, akā, ma mua e holo hoouna mai i Hope a pau i ko lakou mau mooolelo. ʻApelika Waena noiʻi e hiki e hoʻi i ka hale, mai pilikia wahi a pau ole. Park Ua pepehi kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Busa, holo mai na na kamaaina.

Genri Morton Stenli

EnglishʻApelika WaenaʻImi Loa Genri Morton Stenli - ka hele kaulana a me ka kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa. He hele aku la ma ka huli ana i ka nalowale Livingstone pu ia e kekahi poe o na kamaaina, a loaʻa iā ia seriously ka maʻi i loko o Ujiji. Stanley i lawe 'inikua lako, a koke hele aku la ia a hiki i Livingston hoʻololi' ia. Together ka mea, kaupaona i nā i ka'ākau kapakai o Tanganyika. I ka 1872, hoi aku la oia i Zanzibar, a palapala iho la i ka puke kaulana, "Pehea au loaʻa Livingstone". I ka 1875, pu ma ka pūʻulu nui o nā kānakaʻepekema i ka Lake Ukereve.

I ka 1876, a me ka poe o ka 2,000 kanaka, a ua lako pono i ke alii o Uganda, Genri Morton Stenli hele nui, paa palapala o Lake Tanganyika, ike Lake Albert Edward, i Nangve, kaupaona i nā i ka muliwai Lualaba, a pau i ka huakaʻi a hiki i ka waha o ka Kongo muliwai. Penei,ʻo ia aoao i ka'āinapuniʻole mai ka hikina a hiki i komohana. Travel nä känaka 'epekema i ho'ākāka' ia i loko o ka puke "Ma ka Dark'āinapuniʻole."

Vasiliy Yunker

Lūkini noiʻi ma Africa ua i ka makana nui a hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka Black'āinapuniʻole. Vasiliy Yunker Ua manao like kekahi o na alakai noiʻi o ke keena Nile, a me ka'ākau hapa o ka Kongo kīʻaha. Kona hele ana, hoomaka ae la oia ma Tunisia, kahi āna i aʻo Apapika. Eia ke ano o ka noiʻi nä känaka 'epekema koho i ka Kapikoowāea a me ka hikina Africa. Hele ma ka wao nahele Libyan, muliwai Baraka, Sobat, kūlana, Jute, Tonzhi. Mitt kipa aupuni, Kalika.

Junker ua houluulu ae ole wale i ke nānā ohi ana o flora a me? Aaoa. Kona cartographic haʻawina, ua pololei,ʻo ia i ka mua palapala o ka luna ino i o ka muliwai, i nä känaka 'epekema i ho'ākāka' ia i nā flora a? Aaoa, oi loa aku hoi i ke au mamuli nā keko loaa ike holoholona - shestokryla. Waiwai a me ka yoiia? Ikepili, a i ohi ia Juncker. He i houluuluia i ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo o ka Negro ohana, ho'ākoakoa aʻela ia i ka waiwai yoiia? Ohi.

Yegor Kovalevsky

Ke noiʻi i hele mai i ka'āinapuniʻole o Aferika, a ma ke kono ana o kūloko Aupuni. Egor Petrovich Kovalevsky noi e hele mai i Aigupita, i ka kūloko viceroy Muhammad Ali. ʻepekema, ua mālama 'ia ma ka akau-hikina Africa, kela' ā ina study loaa placer gula hoʻokomo kālā. He mea kekahi o ka mea mua, e kuhikuhi mai i ke kulana o ka kumu o ka White Nile,ʻo ia aʻo ma ka au mamuli a kaha palapala he nui wahi o ka Sudan a me Abyssinia, ho'ākāka 'ia ma ke ola ana o na kanaka a pau o Africa.

Alexander Eliseev

Aleksandr Vasilevich Eliseev ma ka'āinapuniʻole, e paa ana no kekahi mau makahiki mai ka makahiki 1881 a hiki i 1893. He kaupaona i nā i ka'ākau, a me ka akau-hikina Africa. He hōʻike i au mamuli o ka ano o ka heluna kanaka a me Tunisia, i ke Kaiula, a me ka haahaa ino i o ka muliwai.

Nikolai Vavilov

Soviet noiʻi pinepine kipa Africa ka Dark'āinapuniʻole, akā, i waena o lākou Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov ku mai i ka loa. I ka 1926ʻo ia i ka nui 'epekema huakaʻi. He kaupaona i nā Algeria, Biskra Oasis i loko o ka wao nahele Sahara, mauna māhele o Kabylia, Morocco, Tunisia, Somalia,ʻAigupita,ʻAitiopa a me Eritrea.

Botany hoihoi kuhikuhiʻekeʻeke o kekahi mea kanu muli. A hailona o ka manawa, ua pau i kaʻAitiopa, i kahi āna i ohi oi aku mamua o eono tausani specimens o ka mahi kanu, a loaʻa ma kahi o 250? Ueo o ka palaoa. Eia hou kekahi, he hailona o ka 'ike e pili ana i na holoholona flora i loaa.

Nikolai Vavilov huakaʻi hele a puni ka honua,ʻimi ana a me kaʻohiʻana mea kanu. mea, ua palapala "Five Nā'Āinapuniʻole" o ka puke e pili ana i kona hele ana.