Ua kaulana loa nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone

Ma hope o kela hale kumu kūʻai o ia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. He kākaʻikahi hoʻomanaʻo hiki ana kipa kaulana no kona maikai a me ka originality o ka hale. Ia manawa, ua pono-ikeia nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone ho ololi i ka hooulu ana o ka moʻomeheu i emi ma mua o kākau moʻolelo a me nā Artists. Hoʻokemu ka manaʻo lana ana i loko o ka lewa, a me ka haawi ia lakou i mea palapala. Nā hale noonoo i ka pā o ke au, i kona naʻau i loko, a me ka Hoʻohaku akeakamai, e masterpieces. About na kanaka, ka hōʻike iā lākou i ke ao nei, a e e kūkā mai ma lalo nei.

inspirer o ke ano akamai

Ka loa kaulana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka hala immortalized lākou mau inoa, e pili ana i ka nani hale, kaulana no ka nani a me ka nui kenekulia ma hope. Kekahi o ia mau mea - Giotto di Aloha Bondone. Italian pena a me kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, i hānauʻia ma ka 1267. He lilo i paionia i loko o ka pilikia makapō akamai, waiho iho la i ka hoʻokumu o ke kula Italian o ka pena. Giotto frescoes a me icons ka mahalo o Leonardo ka Vinci a me Michelangelo.

I kekahi manawa, ua ua aie me kilo o ka Capella del Arena ma Padua, akā, i nā mea a pau noiʻi ana. Aia mea i kanalua i Giotto i hana mai i na murals e decorate i ka Hale Pule Nui. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kuhikuhipuʻuone hanaia'na kupua - ka bele hale kiaʻi o Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence ka Hale Pule Nui. noho ole Giotto i i ke hoʻokō i ka hana - i ka 1337, ka wā i make ai, i kūkulu wale i ka pae mua o ka 'ole.

nui thinker

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) pinepine poʻo i ka papa inoa o "pepeiaohao nui nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ko ke ao nei." Ke kaulana Ikalia ua he sculptor, poe akeakamai, artist a me ka haku mele. I waena o kona mau kuhikuhipuʻuone hana hou i Medici Chapel, Laurentian Library, mea helehelena o ka ekalesia o St. Lorenzo. I kona pāhana kūkulu i ka Roma Palace o na nā kenekoa a me ka Palace o ka Conservatives. Ma ka manao o keia mau hale Michelangelo hoʻohana i ka nui o ka papa, a me kona lima mālamalama, a laila, komo akula i loko o vogue. Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hana ma luna o ke kumumanao o ka St. Petero ka kaulana Hale Pule Nui ma Roma. I kēia Michelangelo ua pono kapaia kekahi o na haku nui loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Kaulana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o Italy, aole ia e pau ma laila. Michelangelo noʻonoʻo i ka hakahaka o Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680). He ua,ʻaʻole wale nō he kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone akā, i ka sculptor a me ka pena. Bernini kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka hiki, e hui pu iho la a pau ekolu ano o ke akamai, e pili ana i ka hookahi pilikia makapō pokole. A me Francesco Borromini a me Pietro ka Cortona, la oia i na kumu o ka Baroque kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Kekahi o ka mea nui hana o Bernini - Sana Petero ka Square papahana. Colonnade ma ke alo o kona kaulana Hale Pule Nui - i ka brainchild o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. He hana ma luna o ka naita ma a me ka hoʻomana hale. A hiki aku oe e hana i kekahi Bernini hope pinepine au e hoʻohana i ka huna kukui kumu e hōʻoi 'i ka manaʻo hua mai la ma o ka hana. He mea i ke kumu o na mea he nui o ka Roma punawai, me ka i ia mea paakiki e noonoo ai i na i ka loa City.

Palladianets o Adams i nohoaliʻi ai

Ano hoolilo i ka hāpana i Kekokia o ka XVIII kenekulia. Here i ka 1728 i hanau Robert Adamu, kekahi o ka mea nui elele o Beritania classicism. He no e palladiantsevʻana, i kakahiaka nui classicism ukali ma kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ka paa kaila hiʻona ua ikaika lakou symmetry a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o canons, kukulu ai i loko o ka wā o ka hoʻokumu.

Adamu puke i haku ai i ke kupaianaha recognizable a lima. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e he lauwili anei a me ka hiehie, pinepine hanana neogothic hehee wale. Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hoʻoili i ka ai-i kapaia o Adamu ka kaila. He ua hiki i ka hui pu iho i ka walaʻauʻana kumu o ka classicism me ka nanea ana, me he mea la no ka lōʻihi manawa e noho ana i waena o nā hana kahiko a me ka ike ana i ka manaʻo kona haku.

Ua Ua ola i loko o kona palapala ano, wale he mau kuhikuhipuʻuone masterpieces o Adamu. I waena o ia mau waiwai ka hale o Kedleston Hall kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Derby. Ma nā makahiki, ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hanaʻano nui i loko o Edinburgh. I kona pāhana i kukulu kulanui hale i loko o ke kūlanakauhale.

Famous Lūkini nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone

A ma ko makou aina, no ka mea ia manawa hana Vasily Bazhenov. Kuhikuhipuʻuone theorist, kumu a me ka artist,ʻo ia ke nānā aku classicism, a waiho iho la i ke kumu o ka Lūkini feria. Bazhenov i hana mai i kekahi kilakila hale ma Moscow a me St. Petersburg. Kekahi o na hale kaulana i loko o ke kapikala i keia la - Pashkov House - kūkuluʻia e like me kona mea i manao. A hiki i kēia lā kokoke i ole e ia hana Bazhenov.

A mua kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o St. Petersburg lilo Domenico Trezzini. He hanu hou ke ola i loko o ka Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone, e lawe mai ana me ia i ka Europa i waha. Trezzini o ke kumu o ka helu nui o nā hale e ho okumu i ka ninau helehelena o St. Petersburg iā mākou. O nā ka Summer Palace o Petero ka Nui, o Petero, a me Paul Hale Pule Nui, He umikumamalua Prema Oka hale kahi i ke kulanui ua noho ai i keia la.

Ma St. Petersburg, i loko o kekahi mau makahiki hana, a me ka kaulana Lūkini nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone Nikolay Aleksandrovich Lvov, Alexander Glebovich Uspensky, Mihail Grigorevich Zemtsov a me na mea e ae. I ka hope o kēia mau mea i ka haumāna Trezzini. Zemtsov lilo ka mua Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva. I waena o kona mau puke i haku ai ma ka kakahiaka Baroque no Church o St. Simeona a me Anna, me ka cascade "Gold Mountain" ma Lower Peterhof Park, Anichkov Palace pāhana a me ka loa hou ma hope o ka hoopahaohaoia'na Hale Pule Nui ke ahi.

Soviet nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone

He nui koʻikoʻi nō nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o na Hana Lima a me ka USSR. I wahi o na rationalists, alai ae e Nikolai Ladovsky, hooikaika e loaʻa ai objectivity i ka shaping a me nā mele i hele mai constructivists ka poe i manao o functionally nui aesthetization. Poʻokela ka poeikohoia o ka hope, he Vecino hoahanau. A nui mark i loko o ka palapala o Moscow haʻalele Mihail Vasilevich Posohin, mua luna kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ke kulanakauhale alii mai 60 ka a hiki i ka wanaʻao i 80 ka. Mahalo iā ia,ʻikeʻia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Palace o Congresses, CMEA hale, haʻuki luna ' "' Olumepika" a no laila, ma luna o.

initiators o ke kaila

Home o kaulana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ko mākou manawa e okoa, mai na hana o ka hope eclectic. Inā i ke kaila o ke kua iwilei o ka pakebona a me kēia manawa, e hooholo loa ai wale, i keia la i ka hale pinepine hui pu iho nā kumumea mai kekahiʻaoʻao. Naʻe, eclecticism i i hānau i loko o ka holo: ka mea, ua hoohui hiʻona o styles, ka hapanui o ka a i hoʻomohala i loko o ka hope kenekulia.

Kekahi o ka loa hanohanoʻaoʻao ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone - kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana. Paionia kaila pinepine i kapaia o Norman Foster (b. 1935), a me kona mau "Buro o ka eha." He papahana i ka international airport ma Hong Kong, "Ka Wā Kaukani" alahaka, a me ka Gherkin ma Lākana. Iloko o ka hana o ka hope pono ai-kapa retina hoʻomohalaʻia Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov (1853-1939), ka mea a Foster, ma kona mau komo, E hoomanao i kona kiʻi. Shukhov i hana i ka mea mua i loko o mākou aina aila pipelines a me refineries. Pili ia ia no ka hana o ka hale, kila hei iwi ma hope o kekahi manawa i kekahi o na punahele hehee wale o na elele o ke kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana. Buro Foster-papahana hale i loko o Rusia: ka? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka mokupuni o New Holland, ka manawa ma lalo o kūkulu o MIBC "Moscow-City".

Ma muli o ke ano maoli

Akä naÿe i ka Hi-ʻenehana, me ka hoonani aku i ka nui loa o keʻanoʻenehana holomua, ke kaila o ka Bio-ʻenehana kaumaha ai oukou ia e ho okumu ana i na hale, e paio ana me ke ano maoli, a me ka hoʻomau ia. He nui loa-ike nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o kēia uku auhau i kēia manaʻo. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā Ua manaoia e ia i ke kaila Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926). Ka hapa nui o nā hana o ke kaulana Sepania kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ke aupuni 'o Pakelona. Kana hana - Güell Palace, Hale Mila, Hale Batllo - he mea hiki ole ia i hookahuli ai i kekahi mea. Ka mea, ua manao e ola a me ka neʻe. Ke ulu no ka haku ua ano. Nolaila, kūikawā fluidity o na hale, no ka nele o ka pololei laina, hana kinona a me nā kiʻi. I kona papahana mea nō kukulu i ka luakini o ka Uhane Family, nae ko waho ua like no me ke one hale kākela.

Ka makemake no ke kuikahi me maoli - i kāna moʻolelo i characterizes nā papahana o kaulana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone ka poe i manaoia e hoohalike ana o Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). He ua manaoia kekahi o ka loa influential huahelu i loko o ka haole kuhikuhipuʻuone. Reith i hana i ka manaʻo o "ke aloha kuhikuhipuʻuone." Ka Central manaÿo o ke kumumanaʻo ua i ka pono a me ke kuʻikahi, me ka ano. Hale ma Wright, mea i ka hoomau ana o ka 'āina, ka mea i wehewehe aku ma ka hamama-manao, ka hoʻohana' ana o maoli mea, i manao ai hiʻona aie mai kahiko Japanese luakini.

Modernism a me ka functionalism

No emi nui huahelu o ka Le Korbyuze (1887-1965). I. a me na hana o ka Palani kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i ke ao nei modernist kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka functionalism. Hale i kūkulu Le Korbyuze mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke aʻo. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e volumetric naehana, ho'ālaʻia ma luna o ka honua, i lalo puhi, i alapiʻi, nānā akula au i elevations, no laila,-kapaia noa palapala. Ua lilo koke i kēia mau hiʻona i integral hapa o kēia kuhikuhipuʻuone.

O ka holo ana, ka mea ma luna o ka papa inoa mea ole a pau pono-ikeia nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ke narration Ua loa lōʻihi, a me ka papa ua mau hōʻano. Kaulana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka manawa i loko o kākou e ola nei, pinepine hōʻike hanaia 'na o ka haku o ka hala, kekeʻe malama ole.