World Snow Queen - i ka mea o ka Tundra

He aha mea he tundra? I unuhi 'ia mai Pinilana tunturi o ia hoʻi, "pā aina", "aina o ka enemi," a me "treeless papu" I pōkole, ka wahi uninhabitable. I ka manaʻo nui e pili ana i ka mea, e hoemiia loa kanaka i ka ike i loaa mai i ka laulā maʻamau - mosses, reindeer, permafrost, lichens - a he a pau i loko o laila ma kahi e, a hiki i ke kūkulu'ākau. Information mai kaulana TV papahana, wahi a ka olelo hooweliweli kuhikuhi (hale) i i ua hoʻopili i ka hoʻomehana honua.

Pau ole snowy waonahele no hoi ia

Tundra hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia me ke anu wao akua, ua aia puni ka North Pole. Kekahi kapa aku i kona hema ka palena o ka Arctic, kekahi - Aia kai pono o ka taiga i ?? eoi? Ee. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana pono wehewehe i ka tundra.

Ma Rusia ia mea he loloa o ka 300 ei a hiki i 500 ei hiki mai ka Bering pilikia ma ka hikina o Finland, a hiki i ke komohana. Me ka Artic, a subarctic cii, tundra uhi ma kahi o 10% o ka aina akea o ko mākou'āina. Ka holoʻokoʻa mokuna o ka Arctic Ocean uhi ia e keia poe,ʻololī ma ka Europa hapa o Rusia a me Siberia ma ka nui; i hoopio i ka'ākau hapa o Kamchatka.

Ka oi loa manawa

He aha ka ke tundra i loko o ka hooilo? I keia manawa i ke aniau lilo i oi loa - mahana hiki aku i loko o ka Siberian hapa o -51 degere. Ka mea, i exacerbated e ka makani, a mea aie a hiki i ka nele o nā mauna, a oi a emi kohu kūpono akea o ka puu. Alternating papu a me nā kai ma luna o ka palapala 'ia me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo kala like' ole, a loa uhi i ka mokuna o ka tundra. Ka lā Aʻole i ala i nā mea a pau, i ka lōʻihi Polar po mau 8-9 mahina. 'O kēia ka loa pilikia manawa no ka wildlife māhele' āina.

Mai "ʻeleʻele blizzard" hūnā mea a pau: kanaka, holoholona, a pohihihi keia manu. Ma hope o ka makani ino mai ai kūpikipiki'ōʻana no ka pule, ua'ālualua snowy wao akua, ua like no me ka nānā aku i ke one, e like me ka uhi mea he uuku, a mea i loko o ka hele a noho, i ae kekahi kanaka noiʻi i ka tundra, e kapa ia ka "aina o ka hau ma waena."

Manawa a me ka mosquito? Aneii manu

Comes ke anu'ākau kauwela me kā mākou ana wela, aole e oi aku 10 degere, akā, ua hūnāʻia i ka lā i nā mea a pau - e hele mai i ka keʻokeʻo po, a mau 64 lā. Ka luna, ahu iho o ka hau thaws, ho okumu i pau ole liʻiliʻi hookahe no, iʻoi ma mua o 50-100 knm o ic ?? a ka i nā poʻe me ka wiwoʻole aku i kela kapa ma luna o kona bunk. Thaws, a hele mai i ke ola a pau a puni.

Tundra lepo mea nui i ho'ākāka '- ma permafrost i ka poe liilii, a me ka gley humus lipolipo. Specificity mea no ka mea, o ka wai e ku ana, i ka omoāea o ka meaʻuʻuku, haʻahaʻa mahana mai e ae kanu residues popoʻole a me ka decompose. Ke kimu mea he uuku, i ka 250 mm o no ka makahiki, akā, me ka thawed ka wai ma luna o ka ili o ka lepo, aole ia i i manawa e evaporate. A pau i kēia ka poʻea pau i ke kahua o nā wahi lepo wai, a maʻaneʻi he mana loa helu.

A eia no ka lokomaikai

He aha ka ke tundra i loko o ke kauwela? Ka a pauʻano o kēia māhele mea ku pono i ka lōʻihi o kēia wā - na mea kanu i manawa e ottsvesti, e haawi aku na anoano. 'O kēia ke ao nei o ka reindeer ka limu, a me nā sedges lichens, ma laila nō rosemary a me Keola, dwarf birch a me ka wilou poe ilio. Nā lāʻau i haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, hiki ole i ka aa pakele i loko o ka lepo.

Ma ka haule ana o ka nunui bluish kahua blueberry kalana interspersed me ka alani cloudberry, crowberry nui loa, ma ka olelo, berry paradaiso - i ka mea o ka tundra. Hoʻoholo 'ana o kēia māhele i ka mosquito aupuni mea i hoike no ka mea, o ka lewa ka nui o kēia mau nā mea kolo ma ka tundra mea ole ka aniani moakaka. Ao likeʻole midges a me ka'ākau bumblebee ke hoʻokō 'ia ke kiʻi. An mana loa helu o fungi. 'O kēia ka ai a pau i na manu. Tundra no ia - he aiacayueony wahi.

Miliona o na manu pana aku au i ka pōkole kau 'aneʻi. Aia mau ai na mea he nui ia, e like me kaʻike maka, i ka aieou i ka hau-keʻokeʻo noketura ma, ka pouli o na geese. Here aiacayueony peregrine manu lele, ptarmigan a me ka hau bunting, gulls, terns a me guillemots. Ua hānai ole wale ma ka makika. Northern kai, o ic ?? a me nā wahi lepo wai o ka tundra piha o ka iʻa (sturgeon, Salemona) a me ka pūpū. Mai ka ohana o rodents noho i ka tundra lemmings.

Inā e hoʻopio i ka bluish mahinaʻai a me ka alani hua, pouli, a keʻokeʻo manu ma luna o ka moana wai, e hōʻike i ka tundra, ka Hawaii photo e loa ka hoʻokōʻia. Ia mea,ʻaʻole? Aaoa poe ilihune o ka wahi. Reindeer , a keʻokeʻo alopeke, i ka hōʻailona o ke kūkulu'ākau, i loaʻa 'aneʻi ma kona palena mea. Coast - i ke aupuni o Polar bea a me nā nui holoholona e like me hihihi.

Ka Huliau, a me ka mea, i ke ano, huli hou ae la, mai ka akau i ka hema, a me ka tundra ua puunaueia i ekolu iiaciiie? Cii: Artic, lichen, ka limu a me Hema laau uuku. O na inoa e hōʻike mai ana i ka mea kanu ao nei e like me ka mamao mai ka North Pole.

A maoli palena manawa no ka tundra

A laila, hoʻomaka ka ?? eoi? Ee, loa iki ÿokoÿa mai i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna. He aha ka ka tundra a me ka ulu tundra? Pehea ka mea, oko? Kekahi poe akamai i mai i loaʻa nui o ke koena unuhi, a ua kapaia ka lua o ka subzone mua. Aia hoʻi, ke like mea uuku. Pili i ka iiaciiie-Arctic tundra ciia E ho'ākea i loa hou hema palena tundra, kona laula loli aʻe mai ka 30 a hiki i 300 ei. Ka makahiki wela hereinabove wale ma 8-10 degere, lāʻau haʻahaʻa pohihihi keia islets. Akā, e like me ka tundra ke hele mai a kokoke, i coniferous ululāʻau, a me ka hema māhele ia mea i uhi oi a emi ma ia, ka mea, ua pinepine haawiia i like iiaciiie? Ciia mea ole ka tundra, a me ka taiga.