Archimedes ikaika

Ano akamai Archimedes nui i loko o ka ohana o ka makemakika, loaa ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi ma Alexandria, a noho iho la i kona ola i loko o ka Sicilian kūlanakauhale o Syracuse. He lilo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o kaʻimi naʻauao mechanics, ana i hana i ka pilikia o ka loaa i kaʻilikai wahi a me ka leo o kekahi mau kinona a me nā kino. Pinepine ke hoole i kona kaulana hopuna'ōlelo, "E haawi mai iaʻu i wahi e ku a au e neʻe i ka Honua!" A o ka exclamation "Eureka!" A hiki ia i wehe i ke kānāwai, kapa ma hope o kona inoa. Akā, ma ka hou, oia ua he poʻokela nä känaka 'epekema ma ka mahinaʻai o ka anahonua, a mechanics, a me kona' enekinia, e piʻi like, he mea kupaianaha wā ikaika manaʻo a me ka nui hopena. He kukulu iho la i ka catapult me vysokopritselnym e hoolei ana i ka'ōnaehana kona aeie-limaʻano papa hana e leie aku, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ka moku ma luna o ka wai, a me ka mea, invented ka hihia solntseotrazhayuschih aniani keleawe i kuni ai i ka Roma'auwaʻa i ka pua ana o ka Syracuse.

I waena o nā discoveries e hoʻohuiʻia mōʻaukala me ka inoa o keia maikaʻi loa nä känaka 'epekema ma ka ke kālaikūlohea, e noho mau loa ke Archimedes poe ikaika no lakou. Kēia mea i hoʻoholo 'Ua pili me ka mea hiki pono ai: koi' ia e ho oholo i ka jewelers honesty, e hana i ka lei no ke alii Hiero II. He aha ua e kapaʻia ka mea i ho'ākāka 'umekaumaha, i maopopo loa ai i loko o ia mau lā, akā, pehea e ho oholo i ka nui o ka ia i ka luna' huahana, ia ua i akāka. Legend e loulou iho ai i ka paakiki wehe Archimedes 'loina me ka lawe ana i ka auauʻepekema. Ke ae pā o ka loaʻa moe i loko o ka mea ana i ke kino i loko o ka loli hana buoyancy o Archimedes, ka wehewehena o i ka ka mea o ka nānā 'ana o akamai o ka' auʻau 'ana i kūpono, i na mea maalea e hana i loko o ke kinowai, ma lalo o ka wai, e like me ka pono i nä mea aeronautics - balloons, probes, airships, etc. .

Ke Classic hoʻomanaʻo o ke kānāwai hākālia nō i ka buoyancy like me ke kaumaha o ka wai e displaces i ke kino bapetizo i loko o laila. Ma lalo o kēia ho'ākāka 'ana haʻilula hoailona loa ka oluolu: ina ke kuhi ana o ka buke o ke kino bapetizo i loko o ka loli mea like i ka O, a me ka like ana o ka wai a - p, laila lākou huina hoonui o ka makemake Archimedes poe ikaika no lakou. Ua palapala ke haʻilula no kona i ka ho omaulia like penei:

F = P * About

Loa pinepine ka mea, ua hoao ai e pepehi i ka hoao Archimedes 'loina me ka pili ana i ka kinoea - nui loa aku okoa nuʻa o ka wai a me ka kinoea. No ka skeptics i ke 'ano mea hoʻokolohua. Ma mokomoko, a me ke ea ke piʻoloke wahi ma unahi nui poepoe, no kekahi laʻana, aniani, a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia paona, e koe ia.

No laila, i loko o ka lewa o ka poepoe o ka kaumaha ua 'O ke kaulike ma ke kaupaonaʻana o nā paona a me ke kākauʻana i ka helu kaulike PM = PR hoomaona mai la oia, no ka mea, mea 'O ke kaulike. Inā initially kuhi i Archimedes 'rula mea i pololei ia, alaila, i ke kaumaha ma luna o ka poepoe, a me ka ikaika o Archimedes FSH a me FG, a laila, i ke ano o ka equilibrium hiki ke rewritten:

Pm = Rsh1 - FSH a me PR = WG1 - FG kahi Rsh1 WG1 a me ka poepoe ke kaupaonaʻana, a me ka kaumaha i ka holo. A laila mākou ke hoomau aku i ke ao ana ma ka kula: Rsh1 - PN = WG1 - FG, kahi Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + Photoshop = WG1 + (F w, - FG).

Ano, ua pono, e - e pono e hoike aku i nā mea o ka buoyancy koa i ka poepoe, a paona: PN = k * Osh a me FY = k *ʻole.

E hoolilo ana i ka hakahaka aiee o buoyancy kaua i loko o ka olelo no ka Rsh1.

Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + PN = WG1 + (P * Osh - P *ʻole) = WG1 + k * (OSH - oz).

Eia hoi, e hele mākou i ke kaumaha o ka poepoe ma ka puka 'aoʻao a, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka mea i Osh>ʻOga, na lau i kanalua: ke kaumaha o ka poepoe ma ka meaʻole hou kaumaha i ke kaupaonaʻana,ʻoiai i loko o ka lewa a me ka mea, e' O ke kaulike: Rsh1 = WG1 + k * (Osh -ʻOga ).

Ke kumu no keia hopena mea i ka Archimedes ikaika hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea i ho'ākāka 'kaumaha o ka lewa, a me ka buke o ka poepoe. Ma keia hihia, e kaha i kēia hopena o loa mea - ia mea e pono e EII ni i ka lewa mai o ka pahu. Inā e hana keia, e hiki kino eʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kānāwai o ke kānāwai, a me ka mea, ua hana nā manawa like, anywhere - nā i ka wai, a me ka kinoea. Ike maopopo ana i keia ua hōʻike pū 'ana, ka mua' O ke kaulike paona, poepoe.

Kekahi mea i, nona ka loa ola - ana ÷ o Archimedes 'loina i loko o nā mea a pau kona ano apau loa, o ka mokuluu. Rula hooponopono o ke kaupaona moku no ke kō o nā mea a pau i hele aku ai nā koho hoʻohana ballast poʻina nalu - he vivid mamuli o ka pono ma ka hana ka nui kahiko discoveries i loko o kēia kumu.