Australia (aupuni). I ka loaʻa o Australia. Map o Australia. 'Aukekulelia hōʻailona

Australia - he aina e pili ana a mākou i heluhelu me ka oluolu i ke keiki, a kupu ae la, ho'āʻo ana e imi i kekahi mea hiki - nā kumuhana, a hana hiki ole - aoao i ma ka liʻiliʻi koke i loko o lākou ola, e kipa i kēia māhele 'āina. Waleʻaneʻiʻoe ke loaʻaʻoleʻia hoʻi holoholona e ku ana ma na laau he kūoʻo, au i loko o ke kai, e kiai ana i ka haukamumu o ka anuenue kai iʻa.

A me ka aha e mākou i e pili ana i keia'āinapuniʻole, kona aniau, mōʻaukala, hōʻailona, loina a me ka moʻomeheu? Inā 'oe e nana, e huli mai ia,ʻaʻole no ka nui loa. School puke ma ka hana kemika hōʻike iā mākou mua o nā mea a pau i Australia - i ka aina i hiki e ole kekahi pilikia i loaʻa i loko o ka southeastern hapa o ka palapala 'āina. He nui no laila, ua pilikia me ka 'ike ai i ka pono ilaila. Akā, i kēia, e ike, ai uuku no ka nui'āinapuniʻole.

Kēia 'atikala mea ole wale e familiarize i ka mea heluhelu a me ka mea nui' ike, ka mea, e hoʻolilo au i aloha aku i ke aupuni lawa e hoʻomaka e hoola i ke kala no ka huakaʻi.

Pauku 1. General hōʻike:

E koho i ka poepoe honua, a nana ole akahele. E like me oe i ike, Australia - ka'āinapuniʻole, Aia ma ka haʻahaʻa o ka ainaʻia, ka hola hema-hikina o ka Lūkini kulanakauhale alii. Ma nāʻaoʻao ka mea, ua holoi ma ka mehana wai i ka lokomaikai e loli ai o ka waiwai a me ka? Aneie kulana home 'ole i loko o ke aupuni. Ma ke ala,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka mea ana i kou honua a puni Australia ua ole wale i malama, ua UOAN ia ia ma kela hiki ala, e mahuahua, e pili ana i kaʻaneʻane kū hoʻokahi rula no ka mea i nā flora a? Aaoa.

Ma wale i kekahi mau makahiki o kona kuokoa ola o ka moku'āina, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku nei, perk, a me ka nui i kūlana i loko o ke ao nei manawa ia Radio. I ka hae o ka noho ana ma ka aina ua manaoia kekahi o ka mea kiekie loa i loko o ke ao nei, a me ka hoomaikai, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe lewa, a me nā muliwai o ka poʻe 'aneʻi kākaʻikahi hooleiiaʻi mawaho bronchial maʻi.

Ka Pauku 2 o ka'Aukekulelia Open

I ka lā, me ka nānā 'ana ma mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo, ka mea, he pomaikai, e olelo aku i na kānaka mua iʻikeʻia ma luna o ka'āinapuniʻole 40-60 tausani makahiki aku nei, i mea. E. I ka manawa ia Tasmania a me New Guinea, mea no kekahi hapa o ka pelapela a.

Ka oihana e komo ai i wahi ma ka Australia i ka 1606, ka wā o kaʻImi Loa kaulana Willem Janszoon hele mai i kona kai ma luna o kona moku i kapaia o "Dayfken". I ka Ia manawa, Australia i loaa mai i ka inoa o New Holland, a no kekahi manawa ua hala ma lalo o ka Netherlands. I mea, o ka Hōlani kēia mau panalāʻau e noho loa E ke Kumu.

Hope, o ka'āinapuniʻole kiki i ka pau kui o ka noiʻi. Iwaena o lakou i ka loa kaulana i manaoia Luis Vaz de Ka Torres (1606), penei wale Hartog (1616), Frederick de Ka Houtman (1619), Abel Tasman (1644), a Dzheyms Kuk (1770. E like me ka hopena o kēia mau paipai aʻo kai eʻe'āina piha palapala i ua huki mai, a wehe i kekahi mau mokupuni Australia.

Mai 1788 a hiki i 1901 i ka'āinapuniʻole ua kokoke loa e kaukaʻi ma ka Beritania Aupuni. O ka poʻeʻEulopa hana he panalaau ia, kukulu i mau hale, ho'āʻo e kūkulu i? Iecaianoaaiiie, i ma o ka hana ana o ke alahao ma ka pau'āinapuniʻole. Inā maikaʻi nā loli i maopopo, ola, a e hauʻoli, a me ka hoʻomau i ka lāhui 'ōiwi kanaka e make, a loa hoemiia i loko o ka huina. Ke kumu nui, he mau. Mua o nā mea a pau, o ka papa, ka mea i hiki mai ai ma muli o keʻano o ka maʻi'ōkuʻu, anapu koke lua ma ka'āinapuniʻole no ka mea, o ka mea o ka poʻeʻEulopa laweia mai i ka i hoʻonele mai i nā noho, niioaaonoaaiii, ua ole.

Naʻe, i loko o kekahi mau wahi o ka aina ka mea, ua hiki i ka malama aku i kēia manawa hiki wawe ka haule hiki ma lalo o ka waeʻano o genocide o ka kūloko heluna. I ka mea i hele mai la ia i Australia keʻokeʻo pinepine puʻe anei i na keiki i kohoʻia i waena o na kamaaina. Nā Pahuhopu alualu me ka mea okoa: kekahi ho'āʻo i, ma e like me ke ano o ka manawa, ka poe i hoohana i kekahiʻeleʻele keiki i laila, lawe aku la ia ia me ia, i kona'āina. Kekahi wale hoʻomaʻamaʻa mai kamaliʻi keiki a pau i nā paena o ka hale'ōnaehana, ma ka mea, haliu ae la ia i na kauwa, a me ka 'auʻa' i ka piha ola.

Hope Kuokoa, mai ka UK'Aukekulelia e hoʻokele e komo wale i loko o ka 20th kenekulia.

Pauku 3. Australia i keia la

I ka lā, i ka moku'āina e hoʻomōhala ai mai ka makahiki i ka makahiki, ka malama ana a me ka e kukulu ana i nā kalaiaina, a? Aneiai pili i nā aina o ko ke ao nei, nō haawi makakoho i ka'āina o ka Pacific māhele.

Ka'ōlelo kūhelu o Australia - English, apparently, no laila, pilikia me ka 'ōlelo ma ka pae ana o ka mea' ē ma o ka na kamaaina pono e ole e ala mai oe. Ua mālama 'ia ka hea ka hana pili i ka US, New Zealand a me ka Hikina Hema Asia. Australia i hana i ka hoʻolako 'kōkua i ulu'āina.

Pauku 4. Na moku'āina hōʻailona o ka aina

Kekahi i kekahi hōʻailona o ka Australia, e koho, o ka papa, ole i ke Akua. Like ma ko makou aina, ma laila nō ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ekolu: i ka hae, a me ka höʻailona o mele. Kēlā me kēia no ia, e ho'āʻo e kamaʻilio ma ka nui au mamuli.

I ka hae o he mau huinahń panel. Na Hoʻohaku kala like 'ole - pouli uliuli. I mea ike i ka mau o ka'Aukekulelia hōʻailona ninoieo o ka papa kuhikuhiE oihana mua ekolu, i aponoia ma ka Ahaolelo pae, - ka United Kingdom hae, ka mokuaina Star, a me ka Hawaiian kea huihui.

Hoku i mea kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka helu ana o Hawaii i e i ka moku'āina. Eia nō eono o lakou: Victoria, Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania a me Hema Australia.

Kapa o na mea kaua - ia mea heʻano o ka pale kaua, i alternately hōʻike hōʻailona o kela a me keia o na Hawaii. Mākou kau pono ma lalo o ka mokuaina hoku. Ka pale kaua ua kākoʻo 'ia e nā holoholona typical o ka'āinapuniʻole - ka kangaroo a me ka emu.

Ke aupuni mele o ka aina ka loa symbolic inoa - E hana 'Australia Fair, i unuhi' ia i loko o kā mākou'ōlelo Lūkini 'ōlelo' o ia hoʻi "ulu nui, koʻu nani Australia." I ka 1878, i ke mele i kaumaha aku i ka koʻikoʻi nō Peter McCormick. He Ua hookomoia ma ka hoike o ke Aupuni, ma mua o ka kūhelu'Aukekulelia mele i noʻonoʻo i ke mele "E ola ka Moiwahine."

Pauku 5. ke aniau a me ka wahi hiʻona

Australia - ka'āinapuniʻole e nae kaena hiki i ke alo o ka loa okoa aniau. Maanei, e like me ka makou i ike, he mea eiwa nahele no hoi ia. Kekahi o na wahi nahele no hoi driest a me ka nui o ko ke ao nei - Victoria - i no a hiki i keia aoao o ka honua. E noho ai iʻaneʻi Ua paʻakikī - paha i nā mea a pau o ko mākou a pau i loko o ia mau wahi, kahi i loko o ka palapala o ka ua ke kimu ole ma ka ikaika o 10-15 manawa o ka makahiki, a me ka hau, a i ole hana. Hoikehonua, ke kanaka mea io ole ola, akā, i nāʻohana o ka Kupa Maoli poʻe kūloko, pakahi aku la ia Kogarah a me mirning manaoio Victoria lākou mau hale.

Naʻe, i ka Leeuwerikplein ano o Australia 'aʻole e pau i laila. ʻepekema, e olelo aku i ka hau 'aneʻi ma ka'Aukekulelia Alpino, haule iho la ia me ka nui loa aku ma mua o ke ao nei-kaulana Ski hokele ma Kuikilana. I mea no ke aha la i mau mea e like me Queensland, South Wales a me Victoria, ka hooilo haʻuki no na makahiki manaoia kekahi o ka loa mahaloia.

Moana holoi i ka Australia, hoi, he hoʻonui i ke kahua o ka kūloko aniau, ka makahiki e lawe nui ma luna o ka mokuna o ka monsoons a me ka makani Moaʻe.

Pauku 6. kokua, a kumu waiwai

Ma mau, ka mea e e kaulana i ka hapanui o ka aina ka wao nahele, a me nāʻano likeʻole o ke kaumaha. A wale nō ma ka hikina o ka aina , he mau mauna, i, e like me ka poe akamai, hiki ke manao haʻahaʻaʻaʻole wale nō, akā, i dilapidated. Kēia Hercynian pelu ua ike like me ka Great mahele ana laulā. Ua hiki kona i kā mākou 'ilikai ma ka hema, mimiki mauna kuahiwi e like me Kosciuszko a me Townsend,ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi māhunehune aku i 2.200 mika.

Ka haahaa wahi o ka'āinapuniʻole ua manaoia e e Lake Eyre, he mau kenekulia aku nei, aia no ma ka hohonu o ka -15 mika ma ka pili ana i ka ilikai.

Kakaʻikahi e hoole i ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai o ka aina hiki ke manao ia kona mea pōhaku kumu waiwai. I ka mea, like me ka awelika honua anakahi o ka aina i hoakaka ia 20 manawa. Ua ninoaaeyao He alakai kulana i loko o ke ao nei i loko o ka helu ana o Aey? Acaeoey. No ka laʻana, Australia no ka 2nd wahi i loko o ka bauxite a me ka zirconium, 1st - uranium me ke koe. I keia la ua 'Imi hoʻouku manganese, diamonds a me ke gula.

I ko lakou mau aina a me ka hoʻokomo kālā o ke kinoea a me ka aila. O ka holo ana, ka mea e pono ai,ʻaʻole lawa no ka hookupaa kalepa lako hou i loko o nā wahi o ke ao nei, akā, e makemake no hoi ka moku'āina 'aʻole e pono ai.

Pauku 7. Na? Aaoa o ka'āinapuniʻole

Ke kū hoʻokahiʻano - ia mea io no kekahi o na kumu, e kipa i ka aina. Ma mua kilohi, hiki ole i ka manao wale ana ma ka Australia i keia la i ka hale a hiki i kahi o 380ʻokoʻa laha 'o mammals, ma kahi o 830 laha' o nā manu, oi ma mua o 4,000 laha 'o ka iʻa, e like me ka pono me haumana i hōʻike' 140 laha 'o nā nahesa a me kaʻaneʻane 300 laha' o ka hana o ua moo. Ma ke ala, a ua nui no hoi kai holoholona - 50? Ueo.

Paha e pili ana i ke Great koʻa Waikiki i lohe ai kēlā me kēia. A me keia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea, ma ke kula, ua hoomanao ia mea, o ka mea nui loa 'ole o kēiaʻano o nā mea a pau prostroennyh ano ma ka Honua. ke aloha palapala lōʻihi o 2000 ei, a ia ua kahi kokoke i ka mokuna o Queensland ma ka koʻa kai.

He mea hiki ole keia i ole e hoailona oukou i ka mea i 80% o ka? Aaoa,ʻaʻoleʻoe e loaʻa anywhere'ē aʻe ma luna o ka Honua. ʻOiai ua wati koalas, dingoes, kangaroos, impish, platypus, wombats a me wallabies ma ka hihiu mea olelo lealea. Ua noa pili ua? Aeiiaiaoaony e hele aku i kekahi o ka mea nui ano me ke koe, ka loa hanohano o ka a i manaoia he Tropical pāka (Port Douglas) hookoe "Healesville" (Victoria) a me ka wildlife Park "Cleland" (South Australia).

Pauku 8. Animals'āinapuniʻole a me nā hualoaʻa a pilikia

O ka holo ana, o ka hapanui hoihoi i waena o nā malihini i like na marsupials o Australia. No ke aha? Ka mea ka mea e loaʻa ai ka elele o keia? Ueo o na mea e ola ana wale nō ma kēia'āinapuniʻole, a no ia mea, kela mea keia mea o lakou i hiki ke noʻonoʻo hanana.

Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i nā hoʻoikaikaʻana a pau i ma ke Aupuni a me ka pili i ka hoʻolālā, kā lākou helu mai ka makahiki i ka makahiki, no mau i ka nalu p hoole mai oia. Mua o nā mea a pau, i ka hewa o ke kanaka ololi. E like me ka hopena o ka deforestation, lilo o maoli kaianoho koholā, e pepehi i na holoholona ma ke kaʻa a hooukaia mai e Ka Hānai Ā Huhu ilio.

Akā, loaʻa nō nā manawa 'Oihana e hoʻoholo pololei ia i ke kumu o ka make ana o hanana holoholona. No ka laʻana, na koalas e malama i ka pohihihi keia maʻi chlamydia, a ma keia kahua, kńnaka i ole koho akā, e vaccinate na hookahi holoholona. E hana i kēia manawa elua o ka makahiki i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, hoouna haneri o ka manawaleʻai eiiaiaeu.

Australia ulu nunui dala o ka poppy kanu e ho onui ana i loko o nā makahiki a nui loa ka māmā holo. O ka holo ana, i kēiaʻano o ka hana i ka pono ia ma luna o ka hoʻokele waiwai, akā, i ka mea ia manawa ke kumu he nui loa i ka holoholona ao nei. Ka mea i lala kekahi o ka kūloko? Aaoa ma ka literal ano o ka olelo aloha, e ahaaina ma na hua o ka poppy, a, e ho'ōla, hāʻule i loko o piha lākou kaukaʻi, e lilo ana no laila,-kapaia addicts ma ka holoholona lākouʻaʻahu. Like o kēia lā, nā mea a pau ma luna o ka'āina, ka mea i hooholoia i ka 'ohana ka palekana o ka'āina, e kū'ē i ka ingress o kangaroos a me ka' ē aʻe he nui.

Ua ho onui ana momentum a me ke kūkuluʻana i ka haukapila no ka holoholona hihiu. Ano, ina e pono ai, ma ke kahea ana i ka kūikawā uku 'ole helu, e hoʻomaopopo' Oihana e pili ana i ka mai a me ka poino. bedolage kōkua e e hāʻawiʻaneʻane koke. Mau nā keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau, nāʻike mau a me ka lawe lima, ua hoʻolako 'ia mai o ka lehulehu ka aa kala ole. A me ka'ōlelo kūhelu o English Australia, kokoke loa i pilikia me ka loaa kākoʻo ana ma a me Kau waihona mai nā mea a pau ma luna o ka poepoe honua.

Pauku 9. O flora o ka hema'āinapuniʻole

Ka'āinapuniʻole ia, a me kaʻiʻo i ka mokupuni o Australia, i kekahiʻano hana flora. I keia wa, he mea aneane oi ma mua o 27 000 laha 'o flora, me loaʻa kumu waiwai a me kekahi mau mea kanu, o ka loa hana hoihoi specimens o i hiki ke kapa i ka wao nahele Sweet Pea Sturt, telopeyu, banksia a me kangaroo wāwae aku.

pinepine malihini i hopohopo ma ka kūloko, he laau, popularly kapaia'Aukekulelia mimosa, eucalyptus, lāʻau kaʻa tidara, kī lāʻau a me nā kukunaokalā.

Naʻe, paha ka loa hana kanu hiki ke kapaia duckbill orchid. Kanaka o ke ano o keia nani loa kanu 'elele papa kohu i ka meaʻuʻuku, a he kūoʻo loa Duck. Akā, kane sawfly ike ia wahine, a no ia mea, hoouna koke ae lele i ka pohihihi malihini. E like me ka hopena, ia mea i loko o ka mea kanu me Padfolio pua kumu a me ka kumu. Oiai ka poe ilihune insect ho'āʻo i ka pakele ana i ka tenacious embrace platypus orchids,ʻo ia, ma ka huli, generously lavishes kona pollen. Pakele ai i ka noho kauwa ole ana, i ke kane a lele i ke kēia mau mea kanu, pollinating ia, a pela ka hoʻopukaʻana i ka mea hou aku.

Pauku 10. Capital o Australia - ka oi hana o ka Honua

Wale i ka loa, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku nei, geographically savvy kanaka hiki koke pane i ka papa kuhikuhiE kūlanakauhale i loko o ka'āina nei,ʻaʻole Sydney a Melbourne, e like me ia olelo i manaoio, a me ka uku Canberra. No ke aha la ka ia?

Ka wehewehe kani nō puni hoʻi: Australians tolerant ai lōʻihi, e haawi aku i ka lāʻau a hiki i kekahi o ka mea nui loa na kulanakauhale elua ma ka aina, i loko o ka hopena ia i manao e hoolilo ia i ke kolu o ka aoao. Ua wae Canberra no hoi ma ka paha, i kekahi manawa, noho ke aupuni 'o ka hola Midway ma waena o nā metropolises elua.

Pauku 10. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE kūlanakauhale o ke aupuni

Australia ... pokole hōʻike i ke aupuni mea olelo lealea, e loaa ia oe, a me kona mau kauhale, a hoi hou aku ai. Kekahi mea mea no kaʻoiaʻiʻo - kela mea keia mea o lakou i hiki ke noʻonoʻo i kekahi hanana kihi o ko mākou Honua.

Sydney - he wahi kahi i ka moʻomeheu pono a me ka ua, malia paha, ua inextricably intertwined me ke akamai a me kia hoʻomanaʻo i ke ano. Nā kūlana o ke kūlanakauhale, nā ma ka rula a me ke aupuni me ka a pau, o ka Sydney Quay, e hele ana ma luna o ka mea, e like me ka na kamaaina, a me ka nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia e mahalo i ka manao o ka Opera House, a Harbor Bridge.

Melbourne mea kaulana no kona nui a pōʻeleʻele loa, souvenir pōʻeleʻele loa, haleʻaina a me Hawaii. A eia oe ke nanea i ka noho lealea ana hoomakaukauia ma chefs mai aneane kēlā kihi kēia kihi o ka poepoe honua.

Ma Brisbane ma ka wahi mua mea, e hele i nā mea a pau ipo o wildlife, i pakahi Zoo. Ua manao i ka ke kumu, ua ai nui na kaʻahele me nā keiki.

Adelaide - o ke kulanakauhale e akoakoa ai, mai a puni ke ao nei,ʻo iauaeoia oo? Ecia makemake o ka hau-keʻokeʻo kahakai, azure 'ilikai a me ka akahai lā.

Pauku 11. hana kūʻiʻo e pili ana i Australia

• Australia - he aina i loaʻa ka loihi pa i loko o ke ao nei. Ua Ua kūkuluʻia, e hoomalu aku i ka aina momona mai Loaʻaʻia pests, hihiu dingoes. Ka lōʻihi o ke 'ole i loko o ka alahula mau helu o 5614 kilomika. Ke aupuni ka Bedroom mea ia i ka pa a waiwai e lilo aku, o ka papa, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku nei, he hailona o ke kala, akā, i ke ala wale ka mea, ua hiki ke malama i ka holoholona, mai Moana nuiʻaneʻi.
• Anei oe e hele mai ma e like me ka palapala 'āina o Australia? Inā pēlā, e paha i kekahi, Ua ai nunui keia'āinapuniʻole. Aka hoi, i ke aupuni e ho'āʻo ana e hana nā mea a pau e hiki ai, a kekahi manawa hikiʻole, a hiki i ka na kamaainaʻaneʻi, he oluolu a me ka palekana. A mea i ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o ke kukuluia'na o ka ai-kapaia "lele kauka". Ano, ina e pono ai, hoʻomalu ke hele mai no ka kōkua, a hiki i ka loa loihi kihi o ka'āinapuniʻole.
• People ma Australia e loa pinepine like me ka papa kuhikuhi hana koho mahiai. Kēia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea, i loko o ka'āinapuniʻole i keia la, oia ka nui loa Honua kula ma i kela la i keia pū kā ma kahi o 100 miliona hipa, a me ka 16.000 bipi.
• He nui nā makahiki aku nei, Australia lilo i ka wahi o ka hoopaa 160.000 kanaka, mai ka UK. 'Aukekulelia Open i wahi, a aneane koke hukiʻaneʻi moku e lawe ana i convicts. 'Aʻole i pau ka hiki ke hele i ka pelapela, he nui i make ma ke ala, a me ka ole e kali ana i ka aina ma ka moana lipolipo. I mea, i ka lā, ma kahi o 25% o ka i nā kanaka i pono manaʻoʻiʻo i kā lākou poʻe mākua, ua maopopo kona.
• Australia - i ka aina e nona ka nui loa o ka Ant-, laila 'ia i ka UK kokoke 100 makahiki aku nei, i ka makahiki 1933. Kēia wahi mea 5,6 miliona ei ^2.
• Ua huli mai ia i ka mea kaulana kangaroos noho wale ma ka Australia. Ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka hihiu ma Kekokia. Hea i ka mea, i hele mai ia wahi? Ka mea mea i kā lākou poʻe mākua i kekahi manawa, i lawe mai i Europe i manawa no kekahi Zoo, e papa ana, ke aupuni iʻaneʻane kiola mea lahaʻole holoholona ma ke alanui. E hoolaulea, ia meaʻaʻole paha kekahi e hoolimalima amo ana no o ka hoi ana mai o ka kangaroo ma ka aina ponoi. Ua huli mai i ka hapanui o lākou i wale, kuu i loko o ka hihiu.