China xix B.

Antiinostrannoe ana ma Kina i ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX- ka hoʻomaka o XX kenekulia. mea he luna 'pu ana o nā kumu - i ka hula a me ka xenophobia Anati-capitalist, Anati-imperialist ka hele, a laila, kālele ana i hanau i kaʻiʻo nō o kēiaʻano. Ka mea mua i ili mai kahiko a me ka medieval manawa, i ka lua - i ka hopena o? Anoe? O ke Komohana. He mau eiiiiiaiou i merged i loko o ka hoʻokahi pa alima. Kona muli hiki ke hana ia i ka hana ana o "ka poʻe hao wale Pelekania hoona oia" a me Anati-Pelekāne 'auʻa laulā ma Guangdong i ka mua "Opium" a ma hope o ke kaua 1840-1851 GG.).

A laila, i kēia kaʻina i likeʻole pepa - (70s) 'auʻa laulā hoouku'aʻaʻa luku mua nā hale hana (ka hopena 60 - o ka hoʻomaka o ke 80s), Anati-mikionali ka olelo, i ka paio ku e mai i ke alahao mua (1875-1877) a me ka telegraph. E like me he hoʻokahi wale nō nā loina xenophobia, a hoʻokahi wale nō anticolonialist-me mechanical ea i ka hoʻololi o Kina e hiki ole ma waho o ka manao lokahi kuʻi nukeliu, hui me ka shenshiyskim patriotism tseho-kauä kuapaʻa 'auʻa laulā', hana i koe o ka malu nā kaiapili, stagnation o ka ike paka i o ke kua'āina kipi a me ideological backwardness o ka hanauna mua o na Pake proletariat, ludditskimi Hanalei Moon artisans,ʻauhau a me amo hana. China xix In .....

Me ka ulu ana o ka Pākē bourgeoisie a hiki i keia manawa luna 'papa i hoʻohuiʻia hoʻololi kemikala o ka wa kahiko nui-mana chauvinism a me bourgeois nationalism o nā lāhui kanaka hoʻokaumaha e imperialism, ma keia hihia China, i ka lewa i loko o ka Competition o ka aina kapikala a me ka bourgeoisified shenypi e ku e ia i na kaiaulu ma Kina. Mai 70-ies o XIX kenekulia. Ua hoomaka ka hou pae oʻano pākīkē kaua e ku e ia Kina, ke bourgeois honua - keia manawa, ia kenekoa a koloniala kaua. I ka 1874, Japan ho'āʻo i ka hopu ia, ma Taiwan. Ma 1884-1885 GG. France ua ma ke kaua ana me Vietnam no o Kina.

Ma hope o umi makahiki o ke kaua me Kina, Iapana ma luna o Korea. Sino-Japanese Kaua o 1894-1895. Ua i kekahi ano o ka huli anaʻe i ko wahi - i ka hoʻomaka o ke kāʻili 'ana i ka Pake ?? eoi?. E like me ke Kuikahi o Shimonoseki i ka 1895, Japan hoʻoneʻe i ka Pākē aina o Taiwan a me Penghu. Kēia i ka hōʻailona i ka māhele o ka China i loko o "spheres o ka ole" ma 1897-1898 GG., Ka "oo? O nā pono o ka monopoly" a me ka "hoʻolimalimaʻia mokuna." A luna 'pukapuka o ka ae like ana ma ka aina e loan, ma concessions, kela aha-elele, a kalaiaina e hoohalike ai ia mana China, like me ka mea ulana pukapuka, ma waena o ka imperialist ae like ana ma ka delimitation o ka waiwai a me ka pili pono o aneane formalized pauku o ka Middle Kingdom.

China xix B.