Education o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina: i ka lā a me ka mōʻaukala. I ka wa aʻu i hana Ukraine like me ka moku'āina?

Ukraine - ka nui aupuni maʻEulopa. Oiai kekahi moʻolelo i ua kūkākūkāʻia i ke aupuni o ka aina hanau o Europa moʻomeheu, a ua ola no na kenekulia, ia mea ole. Education o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina maoli i hiki mai ai 23 makahiki aku nei. He He aina opiopio i ua pololei aʻo e noho ma luna o lākou iho, me kekahi kākoʻo. O ka holo ana, Ukraine ua he lōʻihi mōʻaukala, akā, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe iki o ka aina me ka piha-fledged moku'āina. Ma keia wahi i kekahi manawa i noho ai Scythians, Sarmatians, Turkic kanaka, kahiko Lūkini, Cossacks. Ka mea, i nā mea a pau somehow loli i ke kūpono 'ana o ke aupuni.

kahiko moʻolelo

I hoʻomaka me, i ka hua'ōlelo "Ukraine" ua unuhi ia mai ka mea kahiko Lūkiniʻano "suburb", i mea i loko o kekahi kanaka i ka aina palena. Mau wahi i kapa ia "Wild Field". Ka mua hoohiki o ka Black Sea steppes i hana ia VII kenekulia BC, ka mea, ua laila i ka Scythians noho ma laila. Ma ke kauoha kahiko, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka mea like merciless a me ka lokoʻino nomadic kanaka. I ka 339 BC. e ka. Ua hee Scythians i loko o ke kaua me Filippom Makedonskim, ka mea, ua i ka hoomaka ana o ko lākou hopena.

No ka eha kenekulia, ke Black Sea māhele 'āina i loko o ka loaʻa o ka Sarmatian. O Ua pili nomadic ohana i neʻe i ka Lower Volga māhele 'āina. Ma ka II kenekulia BC. e ka. Sarmatian, kipaku ka Turkic kanaka. Ma ka VII kenekulia ma luna o nā kapa o ke Dnieper Slavs hoomaka ae la e noho, a ma ia mau lā, ua kapaia o Rusich. Ia mea ke kumu o ka aina, ka mea e ku i kapaʻia Kievan Rus. Kekahi noiʻi hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ke kahua o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina i loko o 1187. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole loa oiaio. I ia manawa, Ikea wale i ka makahiki 'Ukraine', ka mea, ua manaoia i ole'ē aʻe ma mua o nā outskirts Kiev Rusia.

Tatar e poipu

I ka manawa, i koiia mai e kaua i ka aina o kēia Ukraine o Crimean Tatars. Rusichi ho'āʻo i ke kumu o ka mea waiwai, momona ka lepo o ka hehi Nui, akā, i ka ikaika robberies a me ka pepehi kanaka i i ae e lawe mai i ko kakou mau manao i ka hopena. No ka nui kenekulia, ka Tatars poe he nui hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ka Slavs. Nui wahi noho unoccupied no ka manao wale no e ka mea eʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao a me ka Crimea. Tatar e poipu lawe mai, no ka mea, ua i somehow kōkua ma muli o kā lākou hoʻokele waiwai iho. Ka mea i komo i loko o nā holoholona? Aneii, akā, ka mea i haawi nui e pono ai. Tatars hao hoalauna o ka Slavs, i lawe pio ia e ka poe opiopio, a ola kanaka, āina kauwa laila, hoomakaukau iho la laua i ka Turkish huahana. Ma ka hapanui o ka Tatar kaua i ae Volyn, Kyiv māhele 'āina a me Galicia.

Ka hooponopono o ka momona aina

Growers a me landowners poe mea ia e pōmaikaʻi ai hiki ke loko mai o ka momona noa pāhili. I loko nō o ka mea i loaʻa i ke hoʻoweliweli, e hoouka aku i ka Tatars, waiwai appropriated hehi, kukulu noho, no laila, alluring i kana mau kauwa. Ma landowners i kā lākou mau poʻe kaua, no laila, i ka mea, ka pololei a me ka hoʻoponopono i loko o nā panalāʻau e noho ma lalo o kā lākou mau malama. Ka mea, i nā mahiʻai ma o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka aina, a me ka hoʻi ninau aku i ka uku o Ka Waiho'. O ka hua liilii i lawe untold waiwai i ka Polish magnates. Ka loa kaulana o Koretsky, Potocki, Vishnevetskaya, Konetspolskogo. Oiai ka Slavs popopo i loko o ka mahinaʻai, i kaʻauamo noho ma ka'āina hoʻohiwahiwa hale aliʻi, o 'Amelika i ka waiwai.

Cossacks manawa

Ma ke ku okoa ana-puni Cossacks hoomaka ae la e noho i loko o ka noa steppes ma ka pau 'ana o ke kenekulia XV, i kekahi manawa pahee ma ka manao o ka hanaia'na o ka moku'āina. Ukraine hiki e kekahi awa o nä pöä a me ka poe kuewa mahiki daimonio, no ka mea, ka mea muaʻia i ka wahi. Ma ka mehameha outskirts o ka hele mai kanaka i makemake e e noa, no laila, i ka bulk o ka Cossacks poe paahana, holo mai ka gentry o ka hoʻoluhi. Nō hoʻi, 'aneʻi e hele mai na kanaka a me na kahuna defrocked, ma ka huli ana i ke ola maikaʻi. Mawaena o ka Cossacks poe kanaka o ka hanohano ka molekumu o, ka mea iʻano nui huli i hoike ia, a, o ka papa, waiwai.

Nā koa i oia o Rus, auamo, Belarusians a hiki Tatars i loa a pau. Initially, ka mea, ua ka loa maʻamau powa la nā koa i hao aku ai ia i ka Tatars a me Kauai, a aihue ola. Over manawa, hoomaka ae la lakou e kūkulu i ka hoʻoweliweli - ka pa e hoʻomoana ai, i mea mau ma ka hana koa ka pā kaua. Aia ka mea, i kona hoi ana mai patrol.

Kekahi mau moʻolelo manaʻo i ka 1552-la - o ka makahiki o ke kahua o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina. I ka mea, i keia manawa ua i ke kaulana Zaporizhzhya Sich, i mea ai haʻaheo o ka Ukrainians. Akā,ʻo ia ua i ka prototype o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia moku'āina. I ka 1552, ua hui pu ka Cossacks nā koa, akā, i kūkuluʻia kā lākou mau pāpū ma ka mokupuni o Little Khortytsya. A pau keia i Vishnevetskii.

Oiai initially ka Cossacks ua ano powa, hao aku au i Kauai no lākou iho pomaikai, ma manawa, hoomaka ae la lakou e hoomalu aku i ka hooponopono ana o ka Slavs, mai ka poipu ana o ka Tatars, hookuu compatriots mai ka noho pio ana. Tureke, ua ku okoa ana-puni hoahanau, i ko kilokilo hoopai. Cossacks ma luna o lākou gulls (lōʻihi, puka waapa) malieʻau i na kapakai o kaʻenemi aina, a anapu koke pepehi i ka pakaua ikaika.

State Ukraine makemake e hana i kekahi o ka loa kaulana hetmans - Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Kēia chieftain alakaʻi i ka a no ka maluhiluhi paio me ka poe koa Polish, eia aʻe o ke kuokoa a me ka noho kauwa ole ana o nā mea a pau i ke kanaka hoʻokahi. Khmelnitsky hoʻomaopopo i wale ia i mea e hiki ke Makuakane me ka Western hoa paio, no laila, loaʻaʻo ia i ka haipule i loko o ke kino o ka Moscow tsar. O ka papa, ma hope o ke koko i loko o Ukraine mea ma luna, akā, ka mea i lilo kuokoa.

I ka haule ana o ka tsarist

Ka muli o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina makemake e hiki koke ma hope o ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ka noho aliʻi o ka Romanov aliʻi. Eia naʻe, i ole i kūloko nā loea kālai'āina o ka ikaika o ka naau, a me ka hapanui importantly - kūpaʻa, e lawe mai i ko kakou mau manao i ka hopena, a hana hoi i kona aupuni kuokoa. Ma ka haule ana o ka tsarist Kiev aʻo March 13, 1917. Ua hana wale no i kekahi mau lā Ukrainian nā loea kālai'āina o ka Central Rada, akā, mālama i ka mana i loko o ko lakou mau lima, e hooki ia lakou ideological nā palena a me inexperience i loko o ia mau mea.

E like me kekahi hoike, ma 22 Nowemapa 1917 i ke kahua o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina i ekemu ae. Ia ia lā, i ka Central Council hoolahaia ka Apana Universal, hoike ana ia ia iho i ka Kiekie mana. Naʻe, ina ka mea, i ole i hoʻoholo, e hookaawale lakou a pau ano laulea me Rusia, Ukraine ka ke kumu no ka manawa i lilo ai i hana nona iho repubalika. Paha ia he kulekele ua excessive mālama nui. Mau mahina ma hope, i ka Central Council manao ma ke kahua o ka moku'āina. Ua kukala Ukraine kuokoa, a oo kuokoa aupuni ma Rusia.

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka Austrians a me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia

A manawa ia malaila ua he Ukraine like me ka moku'āina i ua ole maʻalahi. No keia kumu, ke Central Rada i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e noi aku i kākoʻo a me ka palekana i loko oʻEulopa'āina. February 18, 1918 Ua kakauinoa ka Brest-Litovsk kuikahi, e like me a Ukraine ua haliia mai la mawaho ma Europe, o ka papakaukau lako ana o ka ai, a me ka hoʻi loaa i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ke kuokoa a me ka koa kākoʻo.

Austrians a kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma ka pōkole au o ka manawa i ka poʻe hao wale komo i ka aina o ka moku'āina. Eia naʻe, Ukraine hiki ole hoʻokō kona hapa o ka aelike hua'ōlelo, no laila, ma ka hope o Aperila 1918, i mea hoʻoheheʻe ka Central Rada. April 29 i ka hooponopono ana o ka aina, i lilo ai Pavlo Skoropadsky. Education o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina, e haawi aku i ke kanaka me ka pilikia nui ma. Ka pilikia o ia mea, aohe mea maikai luna i loko o ke aupuni, i makemake e hiki ke hoomalu aku i ka Kuokoa o nā panalāʻau e noho lāʻau. Skoropadskyi ole mau ma ka mana a me ka makahiki. Kela manawa, December 14, 1918,ʻo ia ignominiously holo aku la me ka Ally Kelemānia kaua. Ukraine ua, ua kiola ia na na ilio hihiu hae, ua i ike i nā'āinaʻEulopa kona kuokoa, a i i i kekahi kākoʻo.

I ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks

Ka hoʻomaka o ka 20s o ka iwakalua kenekulia lawe mai i kekahi lihi iki o ke kaumaha i loko o ka Ukrainian House. Ka Bolsheviks i hana mai i kekahi ano o ka austerity, e somehow hooki i ka'opi o ka hoʻokele waiwai, a ho'ōla i ka hou moku'āina. Ukraine, mai ka ai-kapaia "kaua communism" Ua waiho wale aku no i ka loa, no ka mea, kona mokuna i ke kumu o ka mahiʻai huahana. Pu ma ka mākaukau i nā pūʻulu luna aupuni o hele i na kauhale a me ka ikaika i koho ai, mai ko na kauwa. Ua loaa i ka wahi i i ohi ia mai na home o freshly pulehu berena. Maoli ai, e like me ka lewa mea ole conducive i ka mahuahua ma ka mahiʻai-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, mahiʻai wale hoole i ka hana.

All poino i ua hou a me ka wi. I ka wi o 1921-1922 i na ola o ka haneri o na tausani o Ukrainians. Aupuni i mōakāka loa i ka carrot hana hou hoʻohana impractical. No laila, Ua hala ke kānāwai ma luna o ka NEP (New Economic Policy). Mahalo iā ia i mua ma ka makahiki 1927, ma ka 10%, e hoomahuahua i ka wahi o arable aina. Ma kēia wā ke kahua o ka keia aupuni. Ukraine malie poina e pili ana i ka weliweli o ke kanawai kaua, wī, dispossession. Na Ukrainians hoi aku la i ka luawai-i ma ka hale, no laila, ka mea, ua oi indulgent hoʻomaka e pono i ka Bolsheviks.

Ka naau mai-ka lalau wale, e komo i loko o ka USSR

I ka pau ana o 1922 ma Moscow ua manao o ka hoao ana o Rusia, Belarus a me ka Transcaucasian republics e ho okumu i ka hou lio pili 'o Randy. A hiki i ka manawa, ka wā i hanaʻia Ukraine like me ka moku'āina, ka mea, ua kekahi ehiku makahiki. December 30, 1922 'elele o nā mea a pau Soviet republics i aponoia i kekahi kumumanao i ka merge, pela i hana ai ka USSR.

Ma kumumanaʻo, i kekahi o na republics i ka pono, e hookaawale ia lana mai o ka hoao ana, akā, i ka mea i ai i loaa i ka ae ana o ka Communist Party. I mea, e hoʻokō kuokoa ua loa paʻakikī. Ka 'aoʻao Ua centralized a uumi mai Moscow. Ukraine lua wahi hookūlana lua ma waena o nā mea a pau Hawaii. Ke poʻo, ua koho balota i ke kulanakauhale o Kharkov. Ke paneʻana i ka ninau e pili ana i ka wā i hanaʻia Ukraine like me ka moku'āina, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka-makahiki 20 o ka iwakalua kenekulia, no ka mea, i ka wā o ka aina i loaa ia kenekoa a aaieieno? Aoeaiuo.

Hōʻano hou 'ia a me ka ulu ana o ka aina

Ke mua elima-makahiki papahana i hanu ola i loko o ka Ukraine. I loko o keia manawa, he 400 hou pāʻoihana ma ka aina hoike ia ma kahi o 20% o nā waihona kālā. I ka 1932, ua kūkuluʻia ka ieie-kanu, Dnipropetrovsk, ka mea, lilo iho la i ia manawa i ka nui maʻEulopa. Mahalo i ka hana o ka poe hana iʻikeʻia Kharkov kaʻa kauō Plant, Zaporozhye Iron a me Steel Hana Hou, he wahi lihi iki o nā hale hana Donbass. Ma ka pōkole manawa ia hua he nui nui o oicyenoaaiiie hou '. I mea e hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka hoʻopaʻi' a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka hoʻokōʻana i ua wahahee Competition no kakahiaka hoʻokō' ana i ka manao. Ke Aupuni i hoomakaukau i ka pono hana, a hāʻawi aku i ka inoa o Hero o Socialist na Hana Lima.

Ukraine i ka elua World War

I ka wā o 1941-1945. Ua make miliona o kanaka ma ka aina. Ka hapanui o Ukrainians kaua kaʻaoʻao o ka Soviet Union, akā, ka mea, aole ia e pili i ka Western Ukraine. Ma keia wahi Kīwala'ō ma lalo o kekahi naʻau i loko. E like me ka OUN militants māhele SS "Galicia", Ua manao ia e kuokoa mai Moscow, Ukraine. I ka moolelo o ka ho okumu ana o ka moku'āina makemake e loa okoa ina na kēia kanaka Kelemānia nō eo. Ka mea i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia makemake e hooku iho la ia Ukraine ka kuokoa, paʻakikī i ka manaoio, akā, i ka mea hookahi olelo pomaikai ka mea, e hoʻokele i ka lanakila ma luna o kekahi 220.000 Ukrainians. A hiki ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoomau mau makaukau pūʻulu e nei.

Life ma hope Stalin

Soviet alakaʻi o ka make ana i lawe mai ai me ia i ka hou ola no miliona o ka poʻe e noho ana i loko o ka Soviet Union. Ua lilo i ka hou luna Nikita Khrushchev, ka mea i pili loa me Ukraine, a, o ka papa, patronized ia. I loko nō o kona noho alii ana, ka mea hiki i ka hou kiʻekiʻe o? Acaeoey. He mahalo i Khrushchev i loko o kona wale nô ka Crimean Peninsula i loko o Ukraine. E like me ka moku'āina ku ae la, o kekahi mea, akā, i kā lākou mau hoʻomalu-ia kenekoa palena, ka mea, ua hanaʻia i loko o ka Soviet Union.

Alaila, hele mai la ia i ka mana Leonid Brezhnev, i kekahi kanaka maoli o Ukraine. Ma hope o ka pōkole noho alii ana o Andropov a me Chernenko ma ka helm ua Mikhail Gorbachev. Ua ua ai ka inoa o ia radically hoʻololi i ka stagnant hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka Soviet nenoaia like me ka a pau. Gorbachev i e lanakila i ka conservatism o ke kaiāulu a me ka 'aoʻao. Gorbachev ua mau kapa no ka mäliko a me ka ho'āʻo ana e e kokoke ana i na kanaka. People hoomaka ae la e haha hou i nanea, akā, aka, a hiki ma lalo o Gorbachev Communists i piha mana o ka poe koa, makai, mahiʻai, hana, KGB ua hoʻonānā Media.

ke kuokoa

uaʻike i nā mea a pau Ka lā o ka ho okumu ana o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina - He 24 August 1991. Akā, i mua o kēia nui kekahi hanana? March 17, 1991 e paa ana ia i kekahi anamanaʻo a i mea hoike: Ukrainians mea i ku ei ka kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana, importantly, i ka mea, ua ole a laila worsened lākou mau aku ana ola. Communists ho'āʻo kela hiki ala, e hoopaa i ka mana i loko o ko lākou mau lima, akā, ka mea, ua inevitably hoʻopöholo mai ia.

August 19, 1991 kaʻawale nā reactionaries Mihaila Gorbacheva i loko o ka Crimea, a me lakou iho ma Moscow ho'āʻo e hopu i ka Initiative, e hai ana i ka moku'āina o ka pilikia a me ka hana i ka pilikia Komite. Akā, i ka mea e hele mai no ka Communists. August 24, 1991, ka wā ua he Ukraine like me ka moku'āina, ka Verkhovna Rada hai mai i ke aupuni o ka kuokoa. Akā, ma hope o 5 mau lā o ka ha awina o ka Communist Party i banned e hale kanawai. 1 Kekemapa o ka ia makahiki, no ka Ukrainians i loko o ka referendum kākoʻo i ke Kanawai o ke Kuokoa, a wae i ko lakou mua pelekikena - Leonid Kravchuk.

Over nā makahiki, ka mea kūpono i loko o ke kahua o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina. Map o ka aina pinepine hoʻololi. No nā hana i hoohui i ka Soviet Union, e pili ana i ke komohana Ukraine, hapa o ka Odessa Oblast a me Crimea. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka mālama 'ana o Ukrainian kēia hoʻomalu-ia kenekoa palena. Eia naʻe, he mea hiki me ka pilikia wale nō. Penei, i ke kolu o ka Peresidena o Ukraine Victor Yushchenko i ka 2009 i ka Lomānia hapa o ka Hawaiian holopapa. A ma ka 2014, ua lilo Ukraine, a me kona mau momi - Peninsula Crimea, ka poe i neʻe i Rusia. E ke aupuni, e malama i ko lakou mokuna kōna a me ka noho kuokoa, wale nō manawa e hai aku.