Sulfides a me hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide a'amoniuma sulfide

Ma sulphides nā ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole Nine Inch i huiʻia, he luaipele'Ātoma i loko o kona lātoma ua hui ia me kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia ai 'ole-ke hooheheeia. No ka'okanikaʻole sulfides typical hui i hydrogen sulfide (H2S), no a hiki i ka papa o nāʻakika a me'amoniuma sulfide (haʻilula (NH4) 2s), no a hiki i ka papa o ka paʻakai. Kekahi sulfides o ke hooheheeia, a nonmetals pela aku mau haʻilula KxSy (kahi K - o ka'ōlinolino a nonmetal cation, a me S -ʻakika hydrogen sulphide koena, xa me y - nui o ka metala cations a me anions o kaʻakika moiety i loko o ka lātoma, niioaaonoaaiii), i kapa i ka papa o ka paʻakai. No ka laʻana, hao sulfide (II) FeS. Ke aloha sulfides - he Nine Inch waiwai, he luaipele'Ātoma i loko o kā lākou lātoma pili me ka hydrocarbon radicals. Keia mercaptides (thioethers) no ka mau haʻilula RSR ', a me R a me R' - hydrocarbon radicals.

All Nine Inch hui nona nā lātoma iloko o ka metala'Ātoma, a me nā'ātoma o kekahi non-i eliiaʻi (boron B, phosphorus P, silikone Si, arsenic E like me), ua hoʻopili i ka luaipele'Ātoma (S) me keʻano o ka'okesaside like i hua 2, nui manaoia paʻakai H2S hydrogen sulphide . 'okanikaʻole sulfides (koe wale H2S), e laʻa me, sulfide,'amoniuma sulfide a boron, ua hilahila ia e ka awelika paʻakai, mahope mai o laua o ka hydrogen sulphideʻakika hydrogen nā'ātoma ua ua UAIAaIN e nā cations. Inā ka hydrogen sulphide i loko o kaʻakika, hoʻokahi wale'Ātoma UAIAaIN ma cations (i mea typical no kona'ākilikai honua a me ka mekala 'åkilikai metala), ka paakai, e e hana ʻakika paakai. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka'okanikaʻole hydrosulfides (bisulfide i ole ia) i e hui e like me'amoniuma hydrosulfide (NH4HS haʻilula) a me ka paʻakai hydrosulfide (NAH). Ma hydrosulfides nā lātoma, ma ka Akä naÿe, e sulfide, a me kaʻakika anion koena o HS-. Ke aloha hydrosulfide nā mercaptans (thiols a me thioalcohols) o ka mau haʻilula RSH, kahi R - hydrocarbon'ano'ē. Mercaptides a me mercaptans i wehewehe aku e nui nomenclature, no laila, ka mea e noi hou noonoo.

Ka hapanui o sulfides i huali 'ia nā pōpō. I ka wai maikaʻi wailana wale'amoniuma sulfide a me sulfides o ka mekala 'åkilikai i eliiaʻi. Kokoke insoluble i loko o ka wai, koe'ōlinolino sulphides, Mai na sulfides i hydrogen sulfide paʻakai o ka nāwaliwali nāʻakika, kā lākou mau wai-wailana 'elele hiki ke hydrolyzed. No ka sulfides i hanaʻia ma ke hooheheeia me ke kiʻekiʻe'okesaside moku'āina 'ole, inā lākou hydroxides e nawaliwali kumu (e laʻa me, Cr2S3, Al2S3, etc.), pinepine hydrolysis i loaa mai irreversibly. Sulfides i mehana hoemi konohiki, pane koke me ka lewa i oxygen ma ke kiekie mahana, e lilo paʻakai, ma a ka luaipele'Ātoma i ka degere oi aku o ka'okesaside, e like me sulfates a me ka sulfur dioxide i. 'amoniuma sulfide ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o For the, i loko o ka lole mau hana mau; Sulfides e hoʻohana i mea uholo uila kumuhana, phosphors, ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ma ka mahiai.

Nā sulfides hiki e hua mai ma kekahi ano. 'amoniuma sulfide (ʻikeʻia me kekahi inoa o keia paʻakai - diammonium sulfide) ua hoomakaukauia e reacting hydrogen sulfide me ka oi o ka ammonia: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2s. More hoʻopaleʻakika paʻakai o ka hydrogen sulfide mea hao sulfide FeS, a hiki wale ke decomposed ma ka hahana maoli nō kēia i loko o vacuo e loaa ia (i kēia mea i kekahi o na mea he nui ikeia ano) ma kekahi irreversible naoh me ka sulfur hao: Fe + S → FeS.

Hakakino kaupaona ana o ke'amoniuma sulfide a me 68,14. .. E ka m loa aku la-haʻilula o ka Hill'ōnaehana hiki ke palapalaia e like me: H8N2S. Ma ka helehelena kohu paakai colorless nā pōaka. 'amoniuma sulfide ma 20 ° C mea hana wailana i loko o ka wai. Wailana ma ka ethanol. Kēia hygroscopic waiwai hiki no o ke kemu ona mau. Ma ka noa moku'āina ua i loaa'amoniuma sulfide. Mai ka (NH4) 2s paakai mea lolelua, laila kona koʻana koko pāʻoihana e kokoke ana a me ka hydrogen sulphide pela i komoʻano nui o ka läÿau, o NH3 a me NH4HS, a me koʻana koko pāʻoihana o (NH4) 2s mea he colorless wai a me ka ala o ka ammonia a me ka hydrogen sulfide. Ke naoh pāʻoihana mea kona'ākilikai me ka pH i 9,3. ʻO nā pōaka o ka paa paakai mea hiki ole ke hoomaopopo, a hiki i ka ikaika anuanu maila 'o ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana. E like me ka hopena o ka'okesaside ma ka lewa o oxygen, a me ka ho okumu ana o polysulfides,'amoniuma sulfide pāʻoihana hikiwawe loa huli yellow. No ia mea, sulfide pāʻoihana e waiho waho i loko o ka alabata, piha i ai i ke pani, a paa i ka wepa.

Ke hakakino kaumaha ka'amoniuma hydrosulfide a me 51,11. .. E ka m loa aku la-haʻilula o ka Hill'ōnaehana hiki ke kākau i: H5NS. Salt ma ka helehelena o ka colorless rhombic nā pōaka. I ka pa apŘ o ka paʻakai like i 0.89 g. / Cm3. Heheʻe wahi 120 ° C (ma lalo o puʻe). I mehana ka omoāea a me sublimation o ka mea kemikala mahu. Kēia hui mea e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie i mehana ea. I ka waiwai o ka haiia wailana ma ka'eto ka waiʻona a me ka wai huihui, wela ka wai a enaena me ka liʻiliʻi kēia mahaeʻana. Reactions koʻana koko mekala 'åkilikai, I ka lewa hiki ia oe'amoniuma hydrosulfide ua oxidized, pela no ia, mai ka colorless pāʻoihana wā waiho waho koke huli yellow no a hiki i ka ho okumu ana o polysulfides, 'amoniuma hydrosulfide hiki e hoomakaukau 'ana ma ka reacting ammonia me ka hydrogen sulfide ma diethyl (luaipele) ole ma ka hele lewa ma 0 ° C ma ka ammonia pāʻoihana o loa hydrogen sulfide ma ka naoh helu kaulike: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.