Fatalities cosmonauts: inoa, biographies

I ka moolelo o ka lewaʻimi loa i ka lewa, Eia naʻe, Ua piha oʻaʻole wale ka meteoric ala hou mai, akā, he haule weliweli. Make astronauts,ʻaʻole soaring a unexploded Kao lele lako kaua, lono kaumaha ulia - a pau i kēia mea mākou'āina hoʻoili no hoi, a ua hoʻopoina e pili ana ia - laila holoiia mai ka mōʻaukala o ka poe a pau i consciously aa ai mamua aku i kona ola no ka pono o ka holomua, 'epekema a me ka maikaʻi wā e hiki mai. O e pili ana i ka haule koa o ka USSR Space ke kamaʻilio i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Space i loko o ka USSR

A hiki i ka 20th kenekulia spaceflight hooku iho la ia mea kokoke fantastic. Akā, ua i ka 1903, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky i aku i ka manaʻo o ka lele i ka lewa ma luna o ka rocket. Mai ia manawa, i ka pukaʻana wa polokalamu i loko o ka palapala i a ua ike ia i keia la.

Ma ka Soviet Union i ka makahiki 1933, ma muli Keldysh Research Center (RNII) no ke ao o ka mokulele hēkī propulsion. A ma ka MH 1946 i lilo ai hana pili i rocket.

Naʻe, ma mua ke kanaka lanakila mua Honua ka umekaumaha, a uaʻikeʻia i loko o nā cosmos, ka mea, i kekahi mau makahiki a me nā makahiki. Mai poina e pili ana i na hewa i loaʻa i ke ola o verifiers. Ka mua o ka poe make cosmonauts. E like me ka oihana ike, aia no elime wale no ia, a me Yuri Gagarin, ka mea, pololei olelo ana, i ole e make i ka makahiki, a ma hope hoi i ka Honua. Aka hoi astronaut maliu make like i loko o ka ho'āʻo ai i like me ka oihana koa ke kahu moku, a leie mai ia e ia a hiki i ka papa inoa, a hōʻike mai iā ia maʻaneʻi.

Komarov

Soviet cosmonauts mea i make i loko o ka lewa, i me ka mea luaʻole na makana no ka hooulu ana i ko lakou aina. Oia kekahi kanaka ua Vladimir Komarov - cosmonaut a me ka lunaʻenehana-colonel, ka mea i hookoia ma ka inoa o Hero o ka Soviet Union. Hânau 'ia i loko o Moscow ma 14 April 1927. He ua he lâlâ 'o ia ka mea mua i loko o ke ao nei mōʻaukala o ka makahiki moku, a ua kona luna koa. Palua i loko o ka makahiki.

I ka 1943, wā e hiki mai astronaut puka 'o ia iʻehiku makahiki, a laila, komo aku la i ka Air Max kūikawā kula, makemake e aʻo i ka ʻoihana o ke kahu moku. He pau ia i ka makahiki 1945, a laila, hele aku la i na haumana o Sasovo maunakea Kula. A i loko o ka ia makahiki āna i hoʻokomo ai i ka Borisoglebsk Higher Koa maunakea Kula.

Ma hope o ka puka i ka 1949, Komarov hoʻolālā i loko o ka Air Max, a lilo iho la ia i kinai ke kahu moku. Kona papa i ke aupuni 'o Grozny. Here ia i hālāwai me Valentina, he kula kumu a lilo ia i wahine nana. Soon, Vladimir lilo i ka papa kiʻekiʻe ke kahu moku, a me ka 1959, ua puka 'o ia mai ka Air Max Academy, a loaa i ka haawi aku i loko o ka Air Max Institute. Ua iʻaneʻi i ka mea i koho ia no ka pae mua o cosmonauts.

Lele ana ma ka lewa

E pane i ka nīnau, ehia na astronauts i make, e pono mua kahińuli i ka loa theme like o ka holo.

No laila, ka mea mua holo ana iloko o ka lewa Komarova i wahi ma kekahi spaceship "Voskhod" October 12, 1964. Ka mea, ua ka mua nunui huakaʻi i loko o ke ao nei: o ka luina i pū kauka a me nā kānakaʻenehana. Ka holo ana 24 hola, a ua pau i ka holomua awa.

Ka lua, a me ka hopeʻauheʻe Komarova i wahi ma luna o ka pō mai ka 23 a hiki i 24 April 1967. Ke cosmonaut Ua make i ka manawa o ka pau 'ana o kaʻauheʻe: ma ke kaolo o ka papa kuhikuhiE parachute i ole e hana, a iāʻoe kaula pii ma muli o ke kaumaha kuapo o ka noonoo o kanaka. Ka moku ku i ka honua, a lele aku i loko o ka lapalapa ahi. Pela i make ai no ka mea, o ka ona e ulia Vladimir Komarov. He ua ka mua cosmonaut make. I kona hanohano i kukulu ia he kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o Nizhny Novgorod a me ke keleawe bust ma Moscow.

Gagarin

O ka poe a pau i ka make astronauts mua Gagarin, e like me kūhelu kumu. Ia mea, ma ka mea, i wale kekahi astronaut Gagarin make i loko o ka Soviet Union. Eia naʻe, Gagarin o ka loa kaulana Soviet cosmonaut.

, Ua hanau Yuri A., Soviet cosmonaut ma March 9, makahiki 1934. He lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi ma ke kauhale o Kashino. He hele aku i ke kula i ka 1941, akā, i ke kulanakauhale ma ka Kelemānia poʻe hao wale, a me nā haʻawina i keʻakeʻa. A i loko o ka Gagarin ohana home o SS o ke kahua Workshop mea nona kipaku aku i loko o ke alanui. Wale i ka 1943 i ke kauhale i hookuu, a me ka study o Yuri Hoomau iho la lakou.

Gagarin laila, e komo i loko o 1951 ma Saratov kulanui, kahi āna i hoomaka ai e hele i ka Aero Club. I ka 1955, ua koho 'i loko o ka poe koa, a hoouna aku la i ka maunakea Kula. Ma hope o ka puka, ia i malamaia ma ka Air Max, a ma ka 1959 lele ma kahi o 265 hola. He loaa i ka inoa o ke koa ke kahu moku kolu o ka papa, a me ka ano o ka lutanela.

First holo a me ka make

Fatalities astronauts - kanaka, ua maopopo nö iä ia o ka pilikia e hahai, akā, nonetheless ia i hooki ia. A me Gagarin, ke kanaka i loko o makahiki mua, aa ai mamua aku i kona ola ma mua o kona lilo i astronaut.

Naʻe, i ka manawa e lilo i ka mea mua oia iʻaʻole hoʻi e hala. 12 ma 'Apelila 1961, Gagarin lele i loko o ka rocket "Vostok" makahiki Airfield Baikonur. Ka holo ana 108 minuke a pau me ka holomua pae kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Engels (Saratov māhele 'āina). A o keia ua i ka lā no ka mea a pau aupuni ma luna o ka Cosmonautics Day, i ua hookahakaha i keia la.

No ka mea, a pau i ka honua ka mua auhee ai hoi i na mea hiki ole kekahi hanana, a me ka ke kahu moku, ka mea i hana ia, koke lilo kaulana. Gagarin kipa ma ke kono a oi aku mamua o kanakolu'āina. Ua kaha maha nā kēia mau makahiki ma ka lāʻau kū-ʻauheʻe astronaut no kaʻeleu nohona a me ka mau hana.

Akā koke Gagarin ua hoʻi ma ka helm o ka mokulele. Keia olelo hooholo huli mai e e lono kaumaha no ia. A i ka makahiki 1968, March 27, oia i pepehi i ka aʻo holo ana i loko o ka cockpit o ka MiG-15 UTI. Kumu o ka ulia i nō IKE OLE IA.

Aka hoi, i ka astronauts i make, e loa e poina ma ko lakou aina. Ma ka lā o Gagarin ka make ma ka aina i kanikau. A me ka hope i loko o kekahi aina, ua hoʻokūpaʻa mākou i ka helu o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i hiki i ka cosmonaut mua.

Volkov

Vladislav Nikolaevich Volkov - Soviet cosmonaut. Hânau 'ia i loko o Moscow i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli, ma ka 23 November.

Wā e hiki mai astronaut puka 'o ia mai ka Moscow kula helu 201 i ka 1953, ma hope i kona komo ana i ka Moscow maunakea Institute, a loaa hana kūikawā electromechanical lunaʻenehana ma ka malama o rockets. He hele aku i ka hana i loko o ka CB Queen, a kōkua ma ka hanaiia'na mai o ka 'ike loea hou lewa. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i hoʻomaka e hele papa haʻuki pailota lele ka laau ma Kolomna.

I ka 1966, Volkov lilo i lâlâ o ka cosmonaut mau pūʻali, a me nā makahikiʻekolu ma hope i kona mua holo ana ma luna o "Soyuz-7" i loko o ka kūlana o ka holo lunaʻenehana. Ka holo ana 4 lā, 22 hola a me 40 minuke. I ka makahiki 1971, ua ka lua a me ka hopeʻauheʻe Volkova, ma kahi āna i mālama ai i ka lunaʻenehana. Ma waho Vladislav Nikolaevich Ka hui ninoieo Patsaev a me Dobrovolsky, a mākou kūkākūkā ma lalo nei. I ka Hanai i ka moku ana depressurization, a make iho la i holo aku i komo. Ua cremated make cosmonauts a me kā lākou lehu kau ma ka Kremlin paia.

Dobrowolski

Georgiy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky, o ka a mākou i olelo ai mamua, i hānauʻia ma Odessa i ka 1928, ma ka 1 June. I ka ke kahu moku, a me ka astronaut Air Max colonel, i posthumously i hookoia ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union.

Iloko o ke kaua ka mea, ua ma luna o ka mea e ku ?? eoi? O ka Lomānia Aupuni, a ua hopu ia no ka'āina hoʻoili o nā mea kaua. No ka hewa ka mea, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka makahiki 25 i loko o ka halepaahao, aka, na na kamaaina e hoʻokele e hoʻola pānaʻi aku. A ma hope o ka pau ana o ka Apana World War Georgy Dobrovolsky komo ka Odessa kula Air Max. Ma ia manawa oia i ike i ka hoʻopaʻi hoomakaukauiaʻi ia ia. Eia naʻe, astronauts, poho ma ka makahiki, e like me ka pono me pailota, ma ka mua, e hoomakaukau no ka make.

I ka 1948 Dobrowolski i kekahi haumāna ma ke kula koa o Chuguev, a me nā makahiki ma hope, hoomaka ae la e lawelawe i loko o ka Soviet Air Max. Iloko o ka hana,ʻo ia, ua puka 'o ia mai ka Academy o ka Air Max. A i ka makahiki 1963, ua lilo i lâlâ o ka cosmonaut mau pūʻali.

Kona mua a me ka hope iaʻauheʻeʻana i June 6, 1971 ma ka moku o ka "Soyuz-11" ma ke kūlana o ka luna koa. Ua kipa nā astronauts ka makahiki "Solutia-1" wahi i ku ai, kahi e hoolilo i ka wahi o ka noiʻi. Akā, i ka manawa o ka hoi ana a hiki i ka Honua ia i wahi, e like me ka ua i haiia ae maluna, o ka depressurization.

Launa Male kūlana haʻahaʻa a me ka uku

Make astronauts mea ole wale meʻe o ka aina, nana i haawi mai i kona ola no ia, akā, kekahi mau keiki, na kane a me na makua. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Georgy Dobrovolsky keiki makua i kana mau kaikamahine, Marina (1960 p.) A Natalia (1967 p.). Kekahi hema a me ka wahine kāne make o ka meʻe, Lyudmila Stebleva, kiʻekiʻe kula kumu. A ina e kauoha aku, e hoomanao i ke kaikamahine hanau mua o kona makua kāne, i ka muli loa, ka mea i wale 4 makahiki i ka manawa o ka'opi o ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, aole ia i ike ia.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union Dobrovolsky la oia i i hookoia i ka Papa Hanohano o Lenin (posthumously), "Gold Star" kâlâ keʻokeʻo "No ka Service i loko o ke Kaua". Eia hou, i ka inoa o ka cosmonaut Honua helu 1789 i inoa, wehe i ka makahiki 1977, ka Helu lua a me ka noiʻi moku.

No hoi i kēia lā, mai ka makahiki 1972, aia no he moolelo e pāʻani Dobrovolsky Cup, a ua hookoia no ka mea maikaʻi loa Lele ma ka trampoline.

Patsaev

No laila, ma ka hoomau ana e pane i ka ninau, pehea ka nui astronauts make i loko o ka lewa, ke neʻe ia i ka mea e hiki mai Hero naita ma Union. Viktor Ivanovich Patsaev hānau i loko o Aktobe (oneiaey) i ka makahiki 1933, ma 19 June. Ua uaʻike ke kanaka i ua lilo ka honua ka mua cosmonaut, ka mea i hana i ka Honua i ka lewa ma waho. He make pu me Dobrovolsky a me Volkov kau aʻela ma luna.

ua hina iho la Victor ka makua kāne ma luna o ke kahua kaua iloko o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua. A me ka ohana ma hope o ke kaua, i puʻe wale e neʻe i ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina, ma ka wā e hiki mai mua cosmonaut hele i ke kula. E like me i kākau i loko o ka memoirs o kona kaikuwahine, i ka wa i hoihoi Victor ano - i loaa ka paʻa o ka "Holoʻana a hiki i ka Moon" ma K. Tsiolkovsky.

I ka makahiki 1950 Patsaev hiki ma Penza Lolina Institute, ka mea i puka 'o ia, a ua hoouna aku la i ka Central maluna-ea pele. Here, alaila e kaili i loko o ka hana o ka meteorological rockets hapa.

A ma ka 1958, Viktor Ivanovich Neʻe i CB Queen, ma ka manao Oihana. He 'aneʻi i halawai ai ka haule Soviet cosmonauts (Volkov, Dobrovolsky a me Patsaev). Naʻe, wale ka cosmonaut e e hanaʻia i loko o 10 makahiki, i loko o kona mau kahua, e Patsaev. Kona aʻo e mau makahiki ekolu. Eia naʻe, ka mea mua astronaut nuʻukia i pau ai i ka pōʻino a me ka make ana o ka luina holoʻokoʻa.

Ehia na astronauts make i loko o ka lewa?

hiki ole haawi aku i kēia nīnau i unambiguous pane. Ka nui, e hoike i kekahi o ka 'ike ma luna o ka lewa poe mikanele o ke koe hoʻolaha a hiki i kēia lā. Aia nō i ka hailonaʻana no nā mea mahuʻi a me speculations, akā, pōhaku puna hoike no laila loihi ole kekahi i.

Like i ka oihana ikepili, ka helu o ka make ana o cosmonauts a me astronauts o nā'āina mea ma kahi o 170 kanaka. Ka maikai ike no ia, o ka papa, ka poeikohoia o ka Soviet Union, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Mawaena o ka la mahope, e pono ke kuai i olelo ia Francis Rikeke, Michael Smith, Dzhudit Reznik (kekahi o ka mua wahine astronauts), Ronald McNair.

nā make

Inā 'oe e hoihoi i loko o ka make astronauts Rusia, i ka manawa a lakou e mai nei. I ole manawa mai ka'opi o ka Soviet Union a me ke kahua o Rusia me he kuokoa moku'āina ia i hoike he hookahi hihia o ka'opi o ka spacecraft, a me ka make ana o kona luina.

Ma keia 'atikala, ua kamailio e pili ana i ka poe i make' ana i ka makahiki, akā, ua hiki ole kāpae'ōlelo poe astronauts poe i ole i ka manawa e lawe aku. I make ai ia lakou a hiki ma ka Honua.

Keia ua Valentin Vasilevich Bondarenko, ka mea i waena o ka pae ana o na cosmonauts mua, a make iho la i aʻo. ʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o sudobarokamere kahi o ka astronaut i ia e wale no ma kahi o 10 mau lā,ʻo ia i ke kuhihewa. Hemo wale no ia nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai i ka nui hana o ko lākou mau kino, a hamoʻia me ka pulupulu huluʻona nō ma ka waiʻona, a laila, kiola ia. Pulupulu poepoe ku i ka ula-wela uila'ōwili hao, e kauoha ana i ke ahi. I ka wā o ka pahupaʻiwikiō Ua hamama, ka astronaut wa e ola ana, akā, ma hope 8:00 make ma ka Botkin Halemai Moiwahine. Fatalities astronauts mua Gagarin, no laila, hoʻokomo i loko o kona wale nô hoʻokahi hou kanaka.

Eia naʻe, Bondarenko e noho i loko o ka hoomanao ana o ka wā e hiki mai hanauna a me nā astronauts make.