Ilya Mechnikov - Mea Hana i o ka ke kelepona hele kumumanaʻo o ka e hoʻonele

I loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX ke kenekulia, kauka a me biologists o ia manawa hoʻokolokolo 'Imi i ke kūlana o pathogens i loko o ka ulu ana o ka infectious maʻi, e like me ka manawa e lilo iʻimi hoʻopunipuni'ōnaehana paleʻea ia ia. Kēia mau haʻawina alakai i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i nā mea e pili ana i ka hoomalu ana maoli o ke kino, mai nā mea palahēhē. Pasteur kaumaha i ka 'epekema kaiāulu i ka manaʻo o ka ai-kapaia "depleted poe ikaika no lakou." E like me ia i kēia kumumanaʻo, mea hoʻomaʻi e hoʻonele i ke ano ma i ke kanaka kino, aole ia he nutrient no ka pono infectious konohiki. Naʻe, i kēia manaʻo hiki ole wehewehe ana i ka helu o ka mea hiki loina.

Pahi: ke kelepona hele pähola 'o ka e hoʻonele

Kēia kumumanaʻoʻikeʻia i loko o 1883. Ka mea nāna i hana o ka pähola 'ana o ke kelepona hele e hoʻonele i ka nānā' ana ma luna o nā aʻo o Charles Darwin, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ke ao o ka digestive keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o na holoholona, a i Aia ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka evolution. Kākau o ka lānai hou-ka mineta kumumanaʻo ua loaʻa kekahi mau mea like i loko o ka intracellular digestion o 'ona i loko o ka endoderm keena, amoebae,'aʻaʻa macrophages a me monocytes. Maoli, ke kelepona hele kumumanaʻo o ka e hoʻonele i hanaʻia e ka mea kaulana Lūkini biologist Ilya Mechnikov. Kana hana ma keia wahi he lōʻihi lawa. Kaniak ia hoʻi a hiki i ke kulanakauhale Italia o Messina, ma i microbiologist, e malama i ka hana o ke kaiʻuku lele a me larvae o ke kai hoku.

A pathologist ike i ka hele hewa ia keena malama a pau haole kino ua hoopuniia lakou, a laila ka hoʻokemu ia. Eia hou, e lukuia auanei lakou, a me ka noonoo ana ia mau nā'aʻaʻa i i ole e pono ai ma ke kino hou. He i hoʻoikaika nui i ka hoʻomōhala kona manaʻo. Ka mea nāna i hana o ka pähola 'ana o ke kelepona hele e hoʻonele i wahahee, ma ka mea, o ka manawa "phagocytic aeee" loko o nā hua'ōlelo Helene "fages" mai - a ai "kitos" - aeea. Ia mea he hou manawa literally pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka ai ana keena. Ua hiki mai he iki mamua aku nei nō i ka manaʻo o kēia mau phagocytes nä känaka 'epekema, ka wā au i këia i ka intracellular digestion i loko o nā connective'aʻaʻa keena ma invertebrates: ka huahuakai, amoebas a me ka' ē aʻe.

Na elele o ke kiekie holoholona ao ka loa typical phagocytes i ke kapa keʻokeʻo koko keena, oa leukocytes. Hope, i ka mea nāna i hana o ka pähola 'ana o ke kelepona hele e hoʻonele i kaumaha aku e kaʻana i kēia mau keena i macrophages, a me macrophages. Ka pono Ua hoopaa loaʻa i kēia kaawale ana nä känaka 'epekema P. Ehrlich i differentiate na ano okoa o leukocytes ma i hookohu aku i. I kona Classic hana hoolilo i ka pathology o ka li nui, ua hiki ke hooiaio i ke kūlana o ka phagocytic keena ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopau o pathogens i ka mea nāna i hana o ka ke kelepona hele kumumanaʻo o ka e hoʻonele. Kela manawa, i ka 1901, ua hele mai i loko o ke ao nei o kona mau kumu hana ma e hoʻonele i infectious maʻi. Ma waho aʻeo i ka Ilya Mechnikov, he nui na makana i ke ana a me ka kūkākūkā o ka phagocytic kumumanaʻo o ka e hoʻonele i ma IG Savchenko, FY Chistovich, LA Tarasevich, AM Birch, VI Isayev a me ka helu o nā noiʻi.