Innervation o ka naau. Lapaʻau'anatomia o ka naau

Innervation o ka naau a me kona physiological ano - 'ike, me ka a ka mea makemake e paakiki i ka pono ike a pau facets o ka hana ana o keia nui hui, i loko o ke kanaka kino. hoihoi lawa i ka ike e pili ana i ka lolo hōʻike ana i ka piko o ka circulatory'ōnaehana i loko o mākou kino. Eia hou, i kekahi i ka 'ole a me nā loina o functioning o ka naau noteworthy.

naau hana

Most nui, kekahi paha oia e olelo aku nei, o ka kikowaena hui, o ka circulatory'ōnaehana o ke kanaka kino o ka naau. He puha, i ka conical shape a ua aia i loko o ka pahu lua. Inā e kakau kona kuleana pili i, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka loa na mea ala, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka naʻau hana e like me ka EII ni, no laila, i loko o ka luna' nenoaiie o arteries, aa koko a me nā ipu koko o ke kākoʻo mau pono no ka piha functioning o ke kino o ka koko.

Mea o ka mea ia o ka naau mea hiki ke paka kona mau uila haʻawina. Hooponoponoia ia mea, ma keia mea e like ai, e like ka automaton. Kēia hiʻona apono 'i ka noho kaʻawaleʻana aeea o ka naau Muscle e aelike iho. Kēia mea e like ai ka nui no ka paa ana o ke kino.

mall hiʻona

Initially, i ke ano kumu o ka naau, e hoʻolohe ana i kahi o keia kino. Ua Ua Aia, i oleloia ma luna, ma ka pahu lua, a no laila, i ka uuku loa ua IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE ona ma ka akau, a me ka nui e like - haʻalele. A e manaʻo i ka naau a pau o loko o ka hapa hema o ka pahu, ka hewa.

Akā, e e oi kūlike loa, ke kahi o Nyos i ka naau - o ka mediastinum, ma laila nō mau ai-kapaia kahua - lalo a me luna.

Heart Size ma ka awelika like buke palaki i clenched. He waiwai ka ike i ua maheleia ka naau kūikawā paku i loko o nā halves - ma ka hema a me ka pololei. I ka huli, kēlā o kēia mau wahi i na huahelu i ventricle a me ka atrium, ma waena o i mea ka puka. Ua Ua pani ma ka huʻa kiwikā. A hiʻona o keia nohona kiwikā o kona 'ole: ma konaʻaoʻao'ākau ka mea, he ekolu leaflets, a me ka hema - elua.

pono ventricle

Ma keia hihia, ia mea he lua ma luna o ka loko o i mea he hailona o ke Muscle mau kaola. Aia mau no hoi papillary nāʻiʻo. He mai ia ia e haalele tendon ka pae ana i ka nohona kiwikā a pani i ka puka ma waena o ka ventricle akau, a me ka atrium'ākau.

Me ka mahalo i ka olelo mai kiwikā o, kona 'ole ka loaʻa o ekolu leaflets, kūkulu o ka endocardium. Once ka ventricle akau ua hoemi, keia nohona kiwikā e pani i ka puka i loko o ka hopena ālai 'ka aʻe pele o ke koko. Ma ke alanui, ia mea, mai kēiaʻaoʻao o ka naau hele pulmonary kumu, e hele ana i ka ÷ naehana hanu nā loko. E like me ia mea, neʻe maila venous koko.

Ka hema ventricle

Inā 'oe e hoohalike ai ia i ka pono, ka mea e e kaulana ia i loko o keia hihia i ka pā mea me ka nui loa pūhaka. Kokoke noonoo ana i ka mea maloko ili o kona pa, i kekahi ke ike i ka Muscle crossbar a me papillary nāʻiʻo. Ua Ua neʻe aku, mai o lakou, a me ka tendon kaula makalii, a i paa ma na kihi o ka hema atrioventricular kiwikā.

Ka hema ventricle o ka naau Ua mea no hoi i ka wahi mai a ka nui arterial kumu, i kapaʻia ka aorta. Ia mea ma luna o kēia barela kiwikā o ke aupuni 'i ka weheʻana i ka coronary arteries e hānai i ka naau.

He nui i ka ike i ka mea a pau arterial koko komo ka atrium hema, a ua 'aneʻi hina i loko o ka ventricle hema, i i kūkākūkā ma luna. E like me 'oe ke ike, nā kumu a pau o ka naau i pili loa, a ina he mea kekahi malfunction i loko o kekahi o ia mau mea, ka mea e loli i ke kino a pau.

na moku

Olelo ana mai o ka moku ma i ke koko lako i ka naau, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ia mea, e ana ma ka waho o ke kino i loko o kūikawā Groove. A, aia no kekahi mea e hele ana i ka naʻau, a me ka poe i hele mai mai o ia.

Aia mau no hoi interventricular lonikū Groove ma ka underside, a me ka alo ventricular ili honua. Total o mau hewa elua - kua a me ke alo, akā, ka mea, i nā kauoha i ka luna o ke kino.

Mai poina e pili ana i ka coronal sulcus, i ua aia ma waena o ka lalo a me keʻena ma luna. Ka akau a me ka hema coronary arteries o ka naau, e aho, e waiho e like me ka mea, i ko lakou mau lala. Lākou nuʻukia mea, e hooluolu iho i ke koko ma ke kino. Ia mea ke kumu, ina ke kiʻi o ka plaque a me ke koko clot i loaʻa ma laila, ua hooweliweli kanaka ola i loko o kēia wahi.

I ka Ia manawa, aia nō i nā nui arteries o ka naʻau, e like me ka venous nui ilpko o i hele mai mai o keia kino.

nohona kiwikā o

Mau kumu i lele aku ma luna o ka ai-i kapaia iwi o ka naau, a he mau fibrous apo. Ka poe, ma ka huli, e aia ma waena o ka luna, a malalo keʻena.

Ma ke kanaka naʻau ma laila nō o ka nohona kiwikā wale 4.

Me Kinohi (conventionally) ua kapaia ka'ākau atrioventricular paha tricuspid. Kona papa kuhikuhiE papa - e aeie i ka manawa kūpono o ka hoi ana mai o ke koko mai ka ventricle akau.

Next, ka nohona kiwikā hema i elua wale puapua, no ke aha la, a ua loaa he kūpono inoa - hahai. Ua hiki nō ke kapa i ka mitral kiwikā. He mea pono ke hana i ka huʻa i ua ālai 'koko mai ka atrium hema i loko o ka ventricle hema o ka naau.

Ekolu kiwikā - me ka weheʻana pulmonary kia makemake koe hamama. Kēia makemake alakai e kahe ana o ka koko hoʻi i loko o ka ventricle.

Heart huakai kaapuni a ka loaʻa o ka ha o ka nohona kiwikā i ua aia ma ka wahi, kahi o ka auoiaea o ka aorta. He 'aʻole i e i ke koko ua kuhikuhi hoʻi i ka naʻau.

Mea e ike e pili ana i ka conduction'ōnaehana

Koko lako i ka naau - keia mea i ka wale hana o i hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pilina paʻa hana o keia kino. He aliʻi nui, a me ke kahua o ka Kal. He aie i ka conduction'ōnaehana hana he contraction o ka muscular, ahu iho, a lawelawe 'ana me ka hoʻomaka' ana o ka papa kuhikuhiE hui, o ka circulatory nenoaiu.

He nui, e hoailona oukou i ka mea i ka sinoatrial wahi o ka wahi, kahi a ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale ua ua loaʻa, a haawi i ke kauoha e emi i ka naau Muscle. Like no kona wahi, ka mea, o ka mea, ma ka atrium akau komo puha Vienna.

Nā hale i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna i ia ka hopena ma luna o ka naʻau, a ua i hiki ai i ke aloha a hiki i ka hope o keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

- ōhumu o atrial a me ka ventricular contractions;

- hoʻomakaʻia rhythmical impulses;

- synchronous komo o ka ventricular Muscle aeea, ahu iho i loko o ka contractile kaʻina (me keia ka hoʻokōʻana i kela makemake i ua paʻakikī loa).

cardiac innervation

Initially, ka mea, e kokua i ka ike i keia terminology hoʻohuʻu. No laila, innervation - he mea ole ia e like me ka saturation o kekahi mau hapa o ke kino o nā aʻalolo i ka paa a me ka piha kamaʻilio me ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, keia neural mea ulana pukapuka, ma a ka lolo hoʻi na nāʻiʻo a me nā loko. Oia ka hiʻona o ka meaola hiki ole ke käpae 'ia e këia i ke kumuhana e like me ka' ole a me ka hana ana o ka naau.

A oi piha study o keia kumuhana, e hiki hoʻomakaʻaneʻi me ka mea: ua e hoʻomalu aku i ke kaʻina hana o ka contraction o ka naau Muscle ma nā ka endocrine a me ko mākou hopohopo nenoai. I ka Ia manawa EUIAaIN ka pāpana oʻoki loa pono loli ana ma ka autonomic innervation o ka naau. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kōkua aloha a me ka parasympathetic stimulation. First maoli i ke alapine (frequency) o contraction, a me ka lua, niioaaonoaaiii, ia emi.

General ha awina o ke kino ua hoi malalo o cardiac ioauoa o na pons , a me ka medulla oblongata. Mai kēia mau-oaio? A me ke kōkua o kōkua aloha a me ka parasympathetic nā aʻalolo olona, ke hoʻouna i impulses e ho ololi i ka ikaika o na contractions, kā lākou alapine (frequency) a me ka mämä holo o ka trioventrikulyarnogo. Me ka pili ana i ka EYI o nā aʻalolo wahi i puhi ai 'ole ma luna o ka naʻau, a laila, i kēia kūlana' aneʻi, e like me ia ma kekahi'ē aʻe nā loko lawe uao. Ke aloha o'ōnaehana ka norepinephrine, a me ka acetylcholine i loko o ka parasympathetic niioaaonoaaiii.

Ano hiʻona o ka cardiac innervation

Intraorganic ko mākou hopohopo i hoʻomākaukauʻia o ka naau i hoʻonohonoho ai he paʻakikī. He ua poe ma na nā aʻalolo e hoʻomaka mai mai thoracic aortic plexus a wale laila, komo i ka papa kuhikuhiE hui, o ka circulatory'ōnaehana a me ka ganglia. Hope - mea,ʻaʻole i kekahi mea, aka, i ka hono o na keena aia ma ka waena konu o ka luna-i oleloia i hoʻomākaukauʻia. Nā aʻalolo olona, i kekahi hapa o keia kahua. Kona Kinohi lawe ka mea, mai ka cardiac ganglia. Ke hoʻokō 'ia kēia' ole mea effectors a me receptors.

innervation o ka naau i hoʻohuʻu ke alo o sensory olona. Ka mea, he poe spinal huahelu, a me ka vagus nā aʻalolo. Kēia pūʻulu pū mai nā 'autonomic Hawaii olona.

kōkua aloha o olona,

No laila, ina oe e lohe i na facets o ke kumuhana, e like me ka mea aloha o innervation o ka naau, laila, initially ia mea waiwai ka uku noonoo ana i ke kumu o kēia mau olona. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, e hooholo pehea lākou e hoʻokokoke mai ke kikowaena mana o ka circulatory nenoaiu. Ke pane Ua puni hoʻi: ka kīloi paʻewa pepeiaohao o ke keena thoracic spinal kaula Hoʻohana.

Ua hoemiia ke pā like ana o ke kanawai o ke aloha o stimulation a hiki i ka hopena o ka ikaika o ka ventricular a me atrial contraction, i ka lewa i loko o kona mea ulu. I mea, ia mea he maikaʻi inotropic hopena. Akā, i ka i a pau - māhuahua naau kōmi. Ma keia hihia, ka mea i pono, e kamailio e pili ana i ka maikaʻi chronotropic keiki. Ka hope kanawai o ke aloha o innervation, a e hoʻolohe - keia dromotropic 'ole - o, ka hopena ma luna o ka wā mawaena ma waena o ka atrial a me ka ventricular contractions.

Ke parasympathetic hapa o ka'ōnaehana

Innervation o ka naau i ka loaʻa o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Kēiaʻano o ka puluniu mea pono i ka naʻau, e like me kekahi hapa o ka vagus nā aʻalolo, a ma na aoao elua.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka "pono" olona, i ko lakou kuleana pili i mea e innervation, niioaaonoaaiii, e like me ka atrium akau. Ma ka māhele o ka sinoatrial wahi, ka mea hana i ka anuanu plexus. Me ka pili ana i ka hema vagus nā aʻalolo, na olona, e holo ana i loko o kekahi hapa o ia ia, e hele mai ana i ka atrioventricular wahi.

Olelo ana e pili ana i ke kanawai e produces ka parasympathetic innervation o ka naau, ka mea, o kona waiwai i olelo ia ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka mana o ka atrial contraction a me ka emi ana i loko o ka naʻau kōmi. Akā, atrioventricular kali hou aku, piʻi pū. Ia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke manao nei makou i ka hana o nā aʻalolo olona, pāʻani i ke kūlana oi nui ma mua i loko o ka circulatory nenoaiu.

Kāohi

E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o ka malama o hiki mai luna 'ike e pili ana i mea i ka naʻau, ka mea i pono, e uku i kekahi wahi noonoo i na mea hana i e kōkua i malama ia i loko o ka hana pono no na makahiki.

No laila, hāʻawiʻia mai i nā hiʻona i ka 'ole a me ka hana ana o ka naau, ka mea hiki e manao ia ka ola o ke kino hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka kēia ekolu hehee wale: Muscle'aʻaʻa, ipu koko a me ke koko pele.

E hōʻoia 'ia ai ua pono a pau me ka naau Muscle, e pono e haawi ia i kupono e haawe. Kēia nuʻukia e akakaʻi hoʻokōʻana jogging (me fanaticism) ole e hele ana. Oia kino hoopaakiki i ka papa kuhikuhiE hui, o ka circulatory nenoaiu.

Ano, he iki e pili ana i na moku. No laila, i ka mea e noho ana i loko o ka palapala ia oe pono eʻai'ākau. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi ia oe i ka olelo aku a hui hou i ka nui a me ka hale lio momoma palaoa wale i kaʻai a me ka pono kūkulu i kāuʻai. Ka meaola E loaa no i ka mea e pono ai māhuaola a me nā wikamina, laila, e e pono a pau.

A me ka hope hooiaio ana o ka hana lōʻihi o ka naau, a me ke kino a pau - ia mea he maikai koko pele. Here hele mai i ke kōkua o ka poe noonoo ole huna: a pau na kanaka i loko o ke ahiahi, i ke koko thickens. A inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i na elele o ka wati waena makahiki pae, pela kona hana mau, ma kekahi hihia, e lilo ia i pilikia, a me ka pilikia o ka naau hoouka a me ka hahau ana. E kōkua i ka hemahema i ke kulana ahiahi hele i loko o ke ano. Kahi loaʻa nā lāʻau, ic ??, kai, mauna a me waterfalls - he lehulehu kiʻekiʻe o ionized ea, a me ka nui loa hoonui ae i ka fluidity o ke koko.

ka hopena

Ma muli o nā mea a pau o ka luna 'ike, e hiki ke hele i ke ahuwale huina: innervation o ka naau, i ka physiology o ke kino, a me kona mau hana me ka a pau, e mau e nui kumuhana apau loa,' aʻole e lilo kona pilina. Ua, me keia ike, i ka nui o ka i mea mau deepens, ia mea paakiki i ka pono kaʻike, a me ke akamai lapaau o ka naau.