He aha ka materialism? Materialist - owai la keia?

ʻO wai ka mea o ka materialist? Mua mākou e hana i kēia manaʻo, e pono e i ka hoomaopopo ana o ka ho'ākāka 'ana o ka materialism. Kuhikuhi, i kēia palapala no philosophical monism, i hākālia nō i ke kumu o ka waiwai o ka waiwai i loko o ke ano maoli, a me ka mea a pau (me ike a me ka psychic) o ka hopena o ke kino ai 'hana kūleʻa. Alaila, o ka materialist - he kākoʻo iā ia, no ka manaʻo o ke materialism a me kona hope.

Pilina me nā philosophical Outlook

Materialism ua pili loa i pili me ka physicalism. Kēia philosophical kuhikuhi iienuaaaony i ke ao nei i loko o a pau, he poe hookumuia ma ke kālaikūlohea a me kona kānāwai. Philosophical physicalism loa Hawaiʻi mai ka materialism no kona dogma pili me physical nā haʻina.

Materialism ua kaupalena i ka kiko'ī sciences, i loko o kona manaʻo hoʻopiʻi he mea wale nō wa-manawa, physical ikehu, pouli mea, ka lalau wale, a me nā generalized mea hypothetical mea. Ke'ī mai, ai ka pono AIM o kēia mau mea kū i, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka mea, e like, akā, mai e hoʻohana i kēia mau hua'ōlelo interchangeably.

Aia i mau papa kuhikuhiE waeʻano o philosophical paialewa

Materialist - he follower o ka philosophical ao nei, no a hiki i ka papa o monist ontology, kona kumu hoole aku paha i idealism, dualism a me ka pluralism. Mākou ke paa aku nei au ia materialism - mea he piha hahana o ka idealism. Materialists koi ia mea mea iniiaiie a me ka ike paka i mea kiʻekiʻe. A me nā mea a pau idealists hoʻopaʻapaʻa like ke ku pono.

I loko nō o ka helu nui o nā kula o ka manaʻo a me ka maalea nuances ma waena o ke kumu nui waeʻano elua o ka kālaiʻike ia mea nō materialism a me ka idealism. Mai kēia mau pūʻulu originate a pau'ē aʻe honua? Ueo i ulana a puni ke kumu manao o ka aoao dogma.

Aia ka hoi he aupuni kūʻokoʻa philosophical kumumanaʻo - he dualism: i ka nānā i ia mea a me ka ike paka i hoʻomōhala i ia laua kūʻokoʻa o kekahi i kekahi he nui.

Ka materialist poe akeakamai

Ma ka 19th kenekulia, Karl Marx, a Friedrich Engels i hoʻonui i ka manaʻo o ka materialism, ulu ka hou philosophical kuhikuhi "dialectical materialism" (40th makahiki). Naʻe, ka mea, i ole hana i loko o ia o ka makahiki. Kēia inoa i mua hoʻolauna Iosif Ditsgen i ka makahiki 1887.

Pōkole i loko o nā aʻo o Marx, a Engels mea i ka hookumu ana o ke ao nei - ka mea, a me ka ike paka i - kona waiwai. Ka hele a me ka ulu ana o ke ao nei, e like me ka mea dialectical materialism, nō i ka hopena o ka uhaneʻokoʻa. Hoʻomāka kānāwai "dialectical materialism" (abbreviated) He - pono, a me ka confrontation o ku pono ana, i ka sublimation o ka laupaʻi e qualitative loli, i ke kānāwai o ka "negation o negation."

ʻimi naʻauao kumu o dialectical materialism ua manaoia e e loi e hooponopono hou i ka idealistic dialectic o Hegel a me philosophical ana o ka materialism o Feuerbach.

Famous Lūkini materialists - nei:

• Varfolomey Zaytsev (noho 1842-1878) - he luawai-ike palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nihilist 60s o ka 19th kenekulia.
• Nikolai Kareev (noho 1850-1931) - sociologist, poe akeakamai. Bestʻikeʻia no kāna hana: "ke akeakamai o ka moʻomeheu a me ka nohona mōʻaukala o kēia manawa", "Old a hou haʻawina ma aneiai materialism".
• Matvey Troitsky (noho 1835-1899) - 'elele o ka empirical akeakamai i loko o Rusia. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka mua "Moscow manaʻoʻike Society." Ka loa kupaianaha hana, e hōʻike ana i nā kumu o ke o ka materialism - ka "(essay)ʻikepili ma metaphysics Kumu Lotze."
• Dmitri Pisarev (noho 1840-1868) - he kaulana hoʻokahuli aupuni Democrat, essayist a me ka palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Kekahi o na elele koʻikoʻi loa, o ka "sixties".
• Nikolay Dobrolyubov (noho 1836-1861) - i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni democrat, haku mele a me ka essayist. A follower o materialism, empiricism a me ka naauao egoism. He ua kūkākūkāʻia ana kekahi i kekahi priori mana o ka nā kaʻao, a me ka primacy o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa - ka mea.

He aha ka ka Buke Helu-materialist?

Ua 'oe a mau loa aku lohe no ia i ka hooiaio? Owai keia? Kēia Buke Helu hoʻomalu o ke kiekie makahiki paha kiʻekiʻe o nā helu mahina oihana ma ka huakai. Kēia wahi ponoi He kuleana no kela mau mea o ka helu mahina hana, no ka i ka mea, ua i pili, e like me ke kuleana kanaka.

Ka inoa o kēiaʻoihana ka mea, e hana me ka philosophies, a kū i ke au. "Buke Helu materialist" - keia mea pono i mau inoa no ka oihana helu mahina kookoo o kona mau dute e like likeʻole eiiiiiaiou, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka laulā o ka hana o ka hana.