Ka ho'onohonoho'ana a me ka ho'ohui'ana o nā'ōpala. 'O nā'ano o nā'ōpala: "flax kukuki", ka moss "phoenix"

'O nā kānaka mua ma ka'āina e ulu nei i kēia lā, he mau nalu. He wehewehe ko Biology kahi e a'o ai i kēia hui - bryology. Hō'ike nā kānaka'epekema e ola ke ola ma ka wai. Ma hope o ka manawa, ua loa'a i nā algae nā hō'ailona i kōkua iā lākou e ola ma nā'ano malo'o. 'O ka ho'omohala'ē a'e i alaka'i i ka puka'ana o nā mea kanu honua.

Nā hi'ohi'ona o ka hale

'O nā lā'au Bryophytes ka mea kanu ki'eki'e. Loa'a iā lākou nā mea kanu mua loa - nā hui o nā pūnaewele hi'ona. 'O kēia ka mea nui a me nā ki'i photosynthetic. No ka mea lawelawe, a me mechanical'aʻaʻa ma kahi e, mosses kino ua poe thallus e like ka līoho. Eia na'e, he hale kūkulu hale. 'O ka hana o ka pilina i ke substrate a me ka absorption o ka wai me nā mea'ai e mālama'ia e nā rhizoids. Mai ke kumu maoli i'ike'ia ai lākou ma muli o ka nele o nā'ōpala.

'O nā lālā kūlapa o kēia pū'ulu o nā mea kanu,'o ia ka moss "phoenix", "flax kukuki", sphagnum, ka hele.

'O ke ola holo'oko'a

Hiki i nā Bryophytes ke ho'oholo i nā mea ma'amau a me nā wāhine. No laila, i loko o ko lākou ola holo'oko'a, aia ke'ano o nā hanauna - ka moekino (gametophyte) a me ka asexual (sporophyte).

'O ka gametophyte mammalian he'ōma'iku'i li'ili'i me nā lau, kahi e ulu ai nā pūmene germ - ke kau'ana. I ka wā o ka ho'olālā'ana, ua ho'opili'ia nā hua me ka spermatozoa. No kēia, he wai e pono ai. 'O ia ke kumu e ulu mau ai nā'ōpala ma kahi lepo lepo. 'O ka hopena, ua ho'okumu'ia kahi'ōpiopio, kahi e ulu ai i ka hanauna hanauna'ole. Ke ulu nei ka sporophyte ma ka gametophyte a he filiform, kahi malo'o me kahi pahu. Aia i loko o laila he mau pūnaewele spores o ka ho'opili pinepine. Ua lawa lākou i ka hiamoe mai ka capsule, e ulu a hana hou i kahi lau haemophyte. Ia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī e koho ia i loko o ke ola kalapona o mosses ua Kīwala'ō e moe hanauna. No ka mea, ho'ohana'ia nā mea a pau i ka mea e like me ke kāpena'ōma'oma'o māliki.

Nā papa o Mosses

'O ke kūlana'ana o nā'ōpala e pili ana i ka'oko'a ma nā hi'ohi'ona anatomical a morphological o ka hanana o kēia mau meaola.

'O nā'ōpala'ōpala he mau mea kanu like'ole. No laila, ka limu , "Kukushkin olonā" Ua hiki e ka hoʻokemu ka wai 4 manawa kona iho nui. 'O ka'ōma'oma'o he'ōma'oma'o ke'oke'o, ka nui o nā mea kanu ulu. Kūle'a koke lākou, e uhi ana me kahi pale'ōma'oma'o pa'a ma luna o kēlā me kēia lepo - lepo,'epa, hale. 'O kahi wale nō ka mea e ho'omau mau ai i ka ma'ema'e. Ma muli o ka wai'ole e hiki'ole ai i kēia mau lā'au ke huaha hou.

'O kekahi o lākou, e like paha,'o ka moss "phoenix", hiki iā lākou ke ola i ka wai. Ua nani mea kanu la kona inoa, no ka aʻo Kīwala'ō me ka huelo o ka mea kaulana mythological manu Phoenix. He kūpono'ole'o ia, e ola ana i loko o ke kai'ele'ele me ka nui o ka mālamalama. 'Oiai ua lawe'ia mai'o'Amelika mai,'o ka maika'i o ka mahana o ka wai'a'ole ia he mea nui a he mau laina mai 18 a 30 mau ki'i. 'O "Moseni" phoenix "e like me kahi puna puna'ōma'oma'o," e ninini ana "mai nā'āpana ho'onaninani o ka aquarium.

Loa'a ka pa'alina a me ka peat mosses i nā kauhoe. 'O ka mea hō'ailona o kēia hui o nā mosses he sphagnum. He kūlike kona'ano o nā lau, a'elua mau'ano o nā pūnaewele. 'O ka mua i kahi'ano like'ole a loa'a i loko o nā'ōmole'ōma'oma'o o nā chloroplasts, e ho'okō ana i ke ki'i. 'O ka lua, he nui, make,'ike. Aia lākou ma waena o nā pūnaewele chlorophyll-bearing. He mea nui ia no ka mea kanu. I ka pau'ana o ka wai nui, hiki iā lākou ke ho'opa'a i loko o ko lākou mau hale no ka wā lō'ihi, inā pono, e hā'awi iā lākou i nā pūnaewele ola. Ma kahi e waiho ai ka sphagnum, e ho'omaka koke ka lepo e lele.

'O ka waiwai o ka moss

'O nā'ōma'a'ōma'oma'o, me nā hui like'ole o ka moss, he mau pu'upu'u ikaika lākou. Hō'ike'ia ko lākou hi'ohi'ona he hō'ailona ko'iko'i o ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kaomi wai. Ma kekahi'ao'ao,'o kēia hana e ho'ēmi ana i kahi o nā'āina arable free. I kekahi'ao'ao, he hana ia no ke kūkulu'ana i ka peat. Ho'ohana'ia kēia mineral waiwai e like me ka mea'ai, mea'ai, nā mea lawai'a no nā'oihana hanahana. Nui nā'ano o nā'ōlehu o kēia pū'ulu ulu. No laila, ua ho'ohana'ia ka pūmole "phoenix" no ka ho'olālā'ana i nā aquarium. Hiki i nā Mosses ke ho'oulu i nā mea kūikawā -'o nā mea'aila. Hiki iā lākou ke ho'opau i ka pōhaku pa'akikī, me ka hā'awi'ana i ka hana lepo.