Ke aiiay hana o nā polokina. Ke 'ole a me ka hana ana o nā polokina

Nā polokina i ke kumu o nā mea a pau meaola e ola ana. Mau waiwai i ka ke keʻena o ka halepaahao membranes, organelles, cartilage, tendons a me ka ili squamous nā mea loaʻa. Naʻe, i ka aiiay hana o nā polokina - kekahi o ka mea nui.

Nā polokina: mall hiʻona

A me ka lipids, carbohydrates a me nukelea nāʻakika, nā polokina i ke aloha waiwai i lilo i kumu o ke ola kanaka. Ka mea, i nā mea a pau - kūlohelohe biopolymers. Kēia mau mea i haku o repetitive mall naehana. Ka mea, i kapaʻia monomers. No nā polokina ia mall naehana i'amino nāʻakika. Hoopaaia lakou i kahi hookahi, e hana i ka nui macromolecule.

Pae o māhele hui o ke kumuʻiʻo

Lei, oia hoi o ka iwakalua'amino nāʻakika e hana likeʻole nā hale. Mau mea i ka pae o ka māhele hui paha conformation o ke kumuʻiʻo. Ka mea, iniiaiie 'ole ua poe ma ke kaulahao o ka'amino nāʻakika. I ka mea, ua hoʻoluli i loko o kaʻoni iho, ma laila nō nā haumāna. Ke tertiary 'ole ia lŘlŘ ma ke kihi loa mua conformations i loko o ka mea poepoe a globule. Akā,ʻo kēia mau 'ole o ka hardest - ka quaternary. Ua ninoieo o kekahi mau globules.

waiwai o nā polokina

Inā ka quaternary 'ole collapses i iniiaiie,ʻo ia i nā kaula o ka'amino nāʻakika, alaila, he mea kekahi kaʻina i kapaia denaturation. He reversible. Ke kaula o'amino nāʻakika hiki o ka hou, e hana i ka oi luna '' ole. Akā, i ka wa he mea ka make, 'o ia hoʻi, i ka make ana o ka iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo e hoihoi mea hiki ole. Kēia kaʻina He irreversible. Luku lawe mai, kela mea keia mea o mākou, ka wā thermally hoʻokō 'ai oia o ke kumuʻiʻo - hua, ka iʻa a me ka ai.

Oihana o nā polokina: i ka papaʻaina

Kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma i loa mnogobrazny. Kēia ke kumu he ākea pae o nā papaha, a mea aie a hiki i ka'aminoʻakika 'ole. I ka mana o nā polokina (papaʻaina he pili 'ike) mea i pono ana no ke ola ana o ke ola meaola.

Ke aiiay hana o na nā polokina i loko o ka meaola

E like me 'oe ke ike, i ka mana o nā polokina, ua loa like a me ka mea nui i loko o kona manaʻo nui. Akā, ua i i oleloia i kahi o kekahi o ia mau mea. Ke aiiay hana o nā polokina i loko o ke kino o ke pale aku i ka anal o na waiwai, a hiki i nui 'ino i ke kino. Inā keia hana, hana kūikawā nā polokina hiki ke neutralize ia. Mau defenders i kapaʻia nā mea'aʻaʻa paha immunoglobulins.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu i hoʻonele

Me kela hanu i loko o mākou kino komo iloko koʻohune a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi. Ka mea, i kuu mai i loko o ke koko, i kahi e hoʻomaka i ka 'Imi proliferate. Eia naʻe, ma kā lākou mauʻaoʻao kū he nui keʻakeʻa nei. Kēia kumuʻiʻo wai koko - immunoglobulins a me nā mea'aʻaʻa. Ka mea, e hana kūikawā, a i wehewehe aku e ke hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo a neutralize haole waiwai i ke kino a me ka 'ole. Ka mea, i kapaʻia antigens. ka aiiay hana o na nā polokina Pela ikeia. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike mea hiki e hoopomaikai io 'ike e pili ana i interferon. Kēia kumuʻiʻo mea i ka mea laʻa, a huai ae nā mea hoʻomaʻi. Kēia waiwai He hiki i ke kumu o na mea he nui o immunostimulatory ai '.

Aie i ke alo o aiiay kumuʻiʻo kino mea hiki ia lakou ke ku imua pathogenic (particles), a laila oia i hana i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu. Ua hiki e congenital a loaa. Ka mua a pau meaola hāʻawi me ka mea, mai ka manawa o ka hanau ana, a pela ke ola me ke kūʻokoʻa. A kuai iho la ia ikeia ma hope o undergoing likeʻole infectious maʻi.

mechanical e hoomalu

Nā polokina hookauwa he aiiay papa, hikiʻole i na keena ponoi, a me ka meaola e ku e me mechanical ciia. No ka laʻana, Radio ka exoskeleton o crustaceans iwi he kūlana, reliably maluhia a pau i nā mea. Iwi, cartilage, Muscle, a lilo i kumu o ke kino, aʻaʻole wale ole poino iʻaeʻae nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko, akā, i hōʻoia 'kona holo i loko o ka lewa.

koko clots

Ka clotting kaʻina hana - ia mea i ka aiiay hana o na nā polokina. He hiki no i ke alo o ka hana kūikawā keena - platelets. Inā poino kīʻaha koko e luku iho la lakou. E like me ka hopena, wai koko wailana kumuʻiʻo fibrinogen ua hoohuliia i kona insoluble ano - fibrin. Kēia mea he luna 'enzymatic kaʻina hana, ma a ka fibrin filaments pinepine intertwine, a hana i kekahi anuanu ulana pukapuka, a ua ālai' kulu o ke koko. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka mea i hanaʻia i ke koko clot paha thrombus. He He aiiay pane o ke kino. A hiki aku ka mea maʻamau ke ola ana o ke kaʻina hana mau i ka i kā mākou o umi minuke. Akā, incoagulability koko maʻi - hemophilia, i loli ai ka hapanui na kanaka, e make ke kanaka, e like me ka hōʻemi iki eha.

Eia naʻe, inā e hanaʻia ke koko clots i loko o ka ipu koko, ka mea hiki e weliweli loa. Ma kekahi mau hihia, ka mea, a hikiʻo ia i ka 'aʻe ana i kona pono, a me na kahe ana ke koko. Ma keia hihia, no ka paipaiʻia ai ', ma ka mea ku ole, koko thinning.

Nine hoomalu ana

Ke aiiay hana o na nā polokina akaka no ka puka i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i pathogenic Nine Inch konohiki. A e hoomaka i loko o ka waha. Once i loko o ka mea, i kaʻai reflex ke kumu salivation. Ke kumu o keia waiwai o ka wai, nā'ūhū e pili aku polysaccharides a me lysozyme. He ka hope waiwai neutralize nā palapala nā lātoma, i ke kino hoʻomalu mai lākou hou waiū. Na loko ia, a me ka mucous membranes o ka gastrointestinal'āpana, a me ka waimaka loli, a bathes ka cornea. Ma ka hailonaʻana o ka lysozyme mea i loko o ka umauma o ka waiu, mucus, nasal a me kumuʻiʻo o ka moa hua.

Penei, ka aiiay hana o ke kumuʻiʻo ua hoikeia kuhikuhi ma ka neutralizing mea koʻohune a me ka mea hoʻomaʻi (particles) i loko o ke koko o ka meaola. E like me ka hopena,ʻo ia i hana i ka hiki i ka oukou pale ana i maʻi-mai ana i konohiki. A ka mea, ua kapaʻia e hoʻonele. Nā polokina e nā lala o ka mawaho a me na iwi, mālama i ka na Contents mai me mechanical poino. A proteinaceous waiwai makana i loko o ka tuha a me nā hana kūpono, pale aku i ka hana o Nine Inch Luna ma luna o ke kino. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka aiiay hana o ke kumuʻiʻo mea e hoʻolako i ka mea e pono ai keia no ka mea a pau nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana.