Kēlā me kēia hehee ai mea hiki ke ho okumu i ka mea waiwai i loko o ka noa moku'āina. Ma keia wahi, i ka neʻeʻana o nā'ātoma i na ia, ka mea i symmetrical. I ka luna 'waiwai i ke kulana mea nui aku huikau. Ke Nine Inch paa ma keia hihia, asymmetric, luna 'nā lātoma ma luna' hui i hana covalent paa.
He aha ka mea i manaoia ma ka'okesaside
Aia ka poe hana pela i huiʻia ma a na electrons i unevenly haawi i hiki, a laila i ke kahua o ka luna 'waiwai valence electrons neʻe mai'Ātoma e'Ātoma. He kēia haoʻa i ka makana o ka luna 'waiwai kapa'okesaside paha'okesaside. I hanaʻia me ka malama ana o ka'Ātoma i loko o ka lātoma i kapaia ka degere o ka'okesaside o na kumu mua. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka huina'ine hoolilo mai kekahi'Ātoma e maopopo ma waena o ka hopena maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa. Ma kekahi hihia i ka hoʻi olelo hooholo hehee ai'Ātoma kekahi mau electrons ua loaʻa niioaaonoaaiii maikaʻi a me ka io'okesaside moku'āina Nine Inch oihana mua (E E + a -). No ka laʻana, hoʻokahi mooolelo K 'o ia hoʻi ka potasiuma'Ātoma e hoouna ae i kekahi huina'ine. Ma kekahi ke aloha hui Central noho kalapona nā'ātoma. Ke valency o ka hehee ai hoʻopili like i 4-ka m i loko o kekahi hui, akā, i loko o kekahi kalapona i huiʻia me ka'okesaside degere e e okoa, ka mea, e like me -2, +2, ± 4. Kēia 'ano o kekahi valence waiwai a me ke degere o ka'okesaside ua malamaia ma ka aneane kekahi ami.
Hoomaopopo ana i ke degere o ka'okesaside
E hoʻoholo i ka degere o ka'okesaside, ia mea e pono ke ike i ka nā paepae postulates. Ke hooheheeia mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka hua degere, akā, ma laila nō pohihihi 'ia ka wā o ka metalaʻano he huina lakou me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana pūʻulu helu o nā'ātoma hoʻopili like i ka lani kiekie loa e hiki'okesaside moku'āina: kalapona, oxygen, hydrogen, a me kekahi 'ē aʻe lālā. Electronegative'Ātoma me ka pohupani hale i kekahi i kekahi'Ātoma huina'ine hookipa mai i ke kauoha no -1, -2, etc. mau electrons Keia rula i mea e kū ana i ka mea ia nā'ātoma. No ka laʻana, kamailio HH mea e e like me 0. palapala C-H = -1. Ke degere o ka'okesaside o ka kalapona ma o ka C-D = + 2. Kekahi, a me ka ia waiwai o na mea hiki ke hooheheeia e ka mea mua a me ka lua o ka pūʻulu o (-1) i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana a me ka fluoro. Ma keia pae ana o hydrogen i aneane a pau i huiʻia mea +1 wale hydrides ma i ia mea -1. No ka oihana mua me ka pili-mau loa, ka mea i hiki, e hoʻomaulia, e ike ana i ka haʻilula hui. Ke kumu o rula, i hākālia nō i ka huina o na degere i loko o kekahi lātoma mea 0.
An laʻana o ka helu ana i ka degere o ka'okesaside
E noonoo i kekahi i ka ho omaulia ana o ka degere o ka'okesaside e kalapona ma Laʻana CH3CL hui. E kumukahuaʻikepili: ke degere o ka hydrogen mea +1, y me -1 chlorine. No ka pono, ua e lawe m helu ana i ka degere o ka'okesaside o ke kalapona. A laila, no ka mea, CH3CL, e hana helu kaulike m + 3 * (+ 1) + (- 1) = 0. Ae hana i na mea makemakika ana, ka mea hiki ke nānā 'ia ka degere o ka'okesaside o ke kalapona e e +2. Ua ala 'oe hiki e hoʻomaulia no kēlā me kēia hehee ai i loko o ka luna' hui.