Khokhloma - He aha ka mea? Khokhloma: kiʻi, lauana, kiʻi

Khokhloma - He aha ka mea? Mua o nā mea a pau, ia mea he kahiko Lūkini hoolaʻi oihana. Khokhloma pena, Golden Khokhloma, he nui stratum o Lūkini moʻomeheu. Hōʻailona pena i loko o ke kaila o "Khokhloma" mea he ahi Firebird, he Fabulous külana. Ke kapikala o ka lawaia - ke kulanakauhale Semenov, aia a hiki i ka aoao akau o Nizhny Novgorod. Haʻalele Gzhelian ka mea noʻeau, a lawe pu 27 mau kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale e pili pū i loko o ka "laau ooi" Khokhloma i kia ma kekahi wahi. Nolaila, kona ulu hoʻomau lōʻihi lawa. Noʻeau ke keʻena lawaiʻa i ua waiwai like loea Artists i ole, he pono ole, a me ka aʻo, e like me ka mea, ua mai.

Mōʻaukala o ka Golden Khokhloma

Art o kana oihana Khokhloma kona aʻa ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 17th, iloko o ka kokololio flowering o ikona pena. hooponopono au o Novgorod na aina Old i manaoio, ka mea i ole ia i ka ekalesia nā mea hoʻololi o makua'lii Nikon, coincided me ka muli o hou ano o ka papakaukau, icons. Ua mea i loko o ka Nizhny Novgorod māhele 'āina, ua aoia i nā kauhale, e pena icons i loko o ke gula, akā, me ka hoʻohana' ana o ka mea maikai i metala. Laau uku icons pipi kālā Masa i loko o ka lepo, a laila, kapa komo iā ia me ka linseed ka aila, a hoonoho iho la i loko o ka umu. Kala ka penaʻana kupaianaha iaʻi iho i loko o huali gula. i ia manawa i ka 'ike loea hou i i ka hou hoʻi, e kōkua i ke kaʻina hana, na mea a pau i hana hana lima. Kekahi Artists somehow ke hakuloli, invent na mea hana, e kōkua, akā, ma ka mau, Khokhloma pena maopopo e lako pono wale ma ka manuale hana. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo he huli, a noi aku i kekahi palapala hōʻoia. Ka laina i ka mīkini penei: kekahi haku, primed a puhi akula iā lākou i na mea e ae, a me kekahi poe e ae pena. Akā, ma kekahi hihia, he hana pono ka 'Oihana ma waena o nā hualoaʻa he maikai, a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie ulu.

Ka muli o ke kiʻekiʻe nō

No laila, ma o ka Volga ua he gula-pena Khokhloma. Mai icons e koke ua hō'ā i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o tableware i ka lāʻau uhi ia me ke gula kumu. Kala ua i lawa, a me ka mea i UAIAaIN ma ka piuta. Nā oeeo? Ua iʻoi aku, ma ka mea ku ole, pena loaa hanohano, Mātiu, a ma hope o anaiia ana o HW hoʻomaka e alohi mai e like me ka lā. Semenov Artists Ua akoakoa pu mai i loko o ka Free, pena "Khokhloma" Ua lilo ua 'ike nui loa aku ia i ka palena o ka Nizhny Novgorod panalaau. Kekahi ma hope o kekahi i hele mai ka poʻe kālepa, kauoha haku pena laau ipu nunui aoao, a hoomaka ae la lawaia e hoʻomōhala hikiwawe loa.

Ma mua kiʻi kālaiʻia, mai ka linden, a pena Khokhloma lauana puna a me nā ladles. Mahalo mamo i kukulu ia i kia hoʻomanaʻo i Semyon-Lozhkarev like me ka auhau ana i na haku a me Artists o ka manawa. Poe paahana hana tirelessly, i laweia mai Nizhny Novgorod mau kīʻaha, a ana kuai ma ka nui makeke wahi Macarius, ka loa kaulana Lūkini maikaʻi. Ka uku o kona mau kīʻaha, a me Moscow. Ma ka Lūkini paukü, ana mau i hele ma na elele o ke kalepa ka papa, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, franzuzy Englishmen. Ka mea, i kekahi 'koke i ka hana Khokhloma huahana.

Khokhloma - He aha ka mea, mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka lahui kaiāulu?

Ma ka hapalua like-19th kenekulia Khokhloma pena ma luna o kona mau kīʻaha, hele mai la lako a me kaʻaʻahu e e hoolaha aku la lakou. World Exhibition ma Paris, a i wahi i ka 1889, wālua i ke ala no ka Gula Khokhloma nā hualoaʻa a. Khokhloma pena hele aku ma luna o ka mea hoʻolilo o ke ākea kahawai. Wahi kanaka i loko o Western Europe, Hikina Hema Asia, India, Kina, a ma hope o ka 'Amelika' Ākau'āinapuniʻole kuai waiwai Lūkini poʻe akamai.

High koi no ka huina hoonui ma kela aoao o ka Volga haku lilo i stimulus no ka hou 'ana o Golden Khokhloma. ? iecaianoaaiiuo huahelu o ala na manawa he nui, ma ka hou i ka puna i mau kīʻaha a me nā papa, barela, Krynki no ka mea ala, ka paakai shakers, likeʻole postavtsa, makaaniani a me Nā Pola. No mahalo i loko o ka West, ka ai-kapaia Bratina - nunui crockery i loko o ka palapala o ka moku me ke kakini bakeke. Ka inoa olelo no ka iho, keia ipu manao no fraternalʻahaʻaina. Aha lealea theme like mau pu Khokhloma huahana. A me ka inexhaustible kumu o ke kanaka a me ka Halaman no ia - ka mea, o ka pau ana o Rusia. Khokhloma ua inseparably ua hoʻopili i ka loa kumu, a me kona mōʻaukala.

Mau kīʻaha, aʻaʻole wale

Aʻo kekahi hoʻi, e cookware, nui batches hua mai la i ka hale 'ikamu: poho,'ūpā koli poho, uuku lako' ikamu, attics, cupboards, papa a mau papa noho. Golden Khokhloma hiki e kauoha aku, ia mea kumukuai nui aku pipiʻi, akā, i ke kumu kūʻai, aole ia i bother kekahi. Ma ka pau ana o ka 19th kenekulia Khokhloma e oi pipiʻi, no ka mea, i ko lakou? Iecaianoaaiiie nunui hou huikau. Aia he Floral mau manao, a hoomau iho la oia i ka kūpuna loina, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, ua lawe i ka hana ma kona ano maoli noʻeau kaila o ke kākau 'ana, i kekahi Khokhloma. Pictures ia i loko o ia mau lā Artists, enthusiasts, kauōʻia mai a me sketches kākoʻo i ka hooulu ana o ka hou LIKE i loko o oe Khokhloma pena.

Khokhloma huahana me ka nui loa ho'ākeaʻia kā lākou ua pena i loko o ke ano o ka "Kudrin", a me ke gula lau a me ka pua i loko o ke kaila o ka huahelu o ka wahine headscarf, ka wā kāhiko ua haku o kekahi mau hakina i merge i loko o kekahi kiʻi. Kekahi o ka loa koʻi kaua i na kii Kokhloma ua "he laauikiai a pau," a ma ka hapa mua o ka 20th kenekulia, Artists i hana i ka "Hohloma lei". No laila, he Classic kaila. Ka 'ia nā pōpō kumu pela no hoi complicate, i ka hahau ana ae lilo thinner, a me ka'āina loaa na hoailona pono. Art kaila i kapaia "Khokhloma", nā kiʻi a me nā sketches a ia keʻae i kona kākoʻo mau 'ulu. I ka Ia manawa i loko o Central Rusia, hoomaka ae la e hōʻike ano o ke akamai, e like Khokhloma pena, Fedoskino'āhihi a me Zhostov ahi. A liʻuliʻu ma hope hoʻolimalima i Gzhel nā hale hana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka pālolo tableware, a koke lilo i mahalo me Khokhloma laau. Russian noʻeau House ua ulu ana, Gzhel, Khokhloma, Zhostovo, Fedoskino - keia mea,ʻaʻole he i ka papa inoa o nā akamai e hiki ke hoohalikeia ia i ka oe kiʻekiʻe.

lako a

Khokhloma oe - ia mea hala loa i luna 'kaʻina e komo ai na mea he nui oaoieei-subtleties. Ua mea,ʻaʻole i lawa ke pena i ka pololei huahana - no hoi i kona helehelena, a kiko'î e e hemolele. Inā ka haku manao eʻoki i ka lāʻau i loko o ka palapala o ka noketura Bratina, a pena hoʻi ia i loko o ke kaila o ka Khokhloma gula, ka mea, ua kuhikuhi loaa palapala pono 'oe i ka hiehie o ke aliʻi manu, a me kona'ā'ī pono io no ia i ka "noketura" hoʻohei, a mākou i mālama i ka ano.

Khokhloma - He aha ka mea, mai ka oaoieei-wahi o ka Hawaii? I kulike ai me ka rula authenticity o ka huina hoonui, kona kaʻaeʻana me kekahi mau canons o ka nui iliwai, hoʻomalu o JSC "Khokhloma pena" i lawe mai i ka pono o kona-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo haʻilula, i hana i ke kumu no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Kokhloma huahana. Ke'ī mai,ʻo keʻano o ka hanaʻana a pau i loko o ka poʻe e i malama i na pono o ka makeke, noho haumāna kahi nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a me nā kānāwai o ka noʻeau 'ia, Customer-aʻo i kaʻoihana, me kaʻaiʻana. Kēia kulekele alakaʻi i ua hānau i ka hua, hoomaka ae kauoha e hele mai, mai ka souvenir pōʻeleʻele loa, a me ka akamai kia kaulana a me ka salons.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ana no oe mea ma Khokhloma kaila - o ka luna 'kaʻina kaulahao. Wood ua hoʻohana 'ia wale sawmills, me ka makemake haawiia linden, nā kōkua aloha a me ka loa ductile mea. Material hele maoli ka maloʻoʻanaʻanuʻu ke ao o waho no kekahi makahiki, a laila, Moʻomanaʻo ma Comley ua pua i nā laina i, a ma hope o-mīkini kaulaʻi lole no ka hou i nā malamaʻekolu. Mahope, i ka ulu lāʻau ano mea pono no ka machining ma lathes. Mai i nā'āpana mea no ka hana o ka dolls, nui vases i mīkini penei: mai ka paa kualono. No ka puna a me nā ladles kupono laau sapwood kekahi hapa, ia mea 'ano oluolu e oki, a aole e'oāwa.

ka poe i kaheaia kiʻi kālaiʻia, a kua i laina i "ka lole olona" mua pena o "huihui" Ua maloʻo hou i ka wela o ka ma kahi o 100 degere. Mahope, ua primed 'atikala a ukana hou i loko o ka umu i 120 degere. A laila, i ka workpiece i lepo, chipped a me potholes ma luna o kaʻilikai shpaklyuyut, a kapa komo iā ia me ka lahilahi ahu iho la ka varnish. Koke ma mua piha ka maloʻoʻana preform lole komoʻuʻuku nona Aluminum ka pauka, a triturated ia no laila, i ka 'ilikai holoʻokoʻa i uniformly kapa komo iā ia. Eia, i ke kala-aiʻaihueʻia na kiaha, puna, saucers, vases a me nā pā ipu e hele mai i ka Artists no ka hoʻopau - Khokhloma oe pena.

Ma hope o ka pena i ka huina hoonui lacquered ekolu manawa me ka palapala hahana maoli nō kēia i ka 130 degere. Ma keia hihia, ke Aluminum ka penaʻana loaʻa iā ia kekahi i ke gula hue, i ka huina hoonui Ua makaukau no ka'ōpala a me ka ukana.

'ano o ka pena

Ma ka 18th kenekulia Khokhloma pena i kona climax, ke koi no ka nō nā huahana a pau, a mahuahua nui, a me Nizhny Novgorod haku ana ia ma luna o ka luna o konaʻike hoʻokumu. Ua i laila, a ua ulu ka papa kuhikuhi ano mau o ka pena Golden Khokhloma - "lio" a me ka "kāʻei kua".

Khokhloma, kumu hoohalike i i pena i loko o ke ano o ka "Lio" pena, ia mea he unuhi o ka mahinaʻai gula, i loko oʻeleʻele a me ka ulaula waihoʻoluʻu. Ke artist ua kokoke mai i ka maikai hei kumu o ka hahau ana, e hahai ana i ka kekahi i kekahi o na kēia mau styles:

• "Gingerbread" - he stylized kiʻi o ka la, puni iho la ia ma ka geometric shape, heʻahā like, daimana a he oki hoa kanaka. Ka papa hana ma mua maka alodio, akā, mai ka poe a puni, ma ka honua curls-kukuna nana ia i haehae, no laila, organically hui me ka nui luminary puni ponoi.
• "Travnik" - lāʻau lapaʻau kāhiko, kumu hoʻohālike 'ole Hawaiian sedge Meadow mauu.
• "Lau, he berry" - pena me ka hailonaʻana o ka lau a me ka hua, pua, a kumu, intricately ulana pūʻia me kekahi i kekahi.

Akä naÿe i ka "lio", Khokhloma, a lauana waihoia ke gula ma luna o ke kumu o kaʻulaʻula aole hoi i eleele, Ua noʻonoʻo "kāʻei kua." Ka loa hana hoihoiʻano o ka pena ma ke kāʻei kua o "Kudrin", a mea he stylized kiʻi o ka lau a me ka pua. Hou Kudrevatov curls, haliu ae la ia i loko o pohihihi lauana, pua, foliage, a me kela ano keia ano o ka hua, a me ka mahina ululāʻau. Kēia kaila o ka pena mea kaulana no ka mea, he akea hana i ka unuhi aku la ia i ka contour laina, mea eʻoi aʻe e kau aku i na wahi kanaka.

Catalogs

Mai ka hoomaka ae la i ka hapalua like-20th kenekulia e systematize Khokhloma pena, pai nā palapala kuhikuhi i ka loa hana hoihoi specimens, a me ka maikaʻi i kumu kāki i ka palapala. Na hana o ka haku Artists i loko o ke kaila o "Khokhloma", kiʻi a me nā Nails i i paʻiʻia i loko o ka ahakanaka, i ka i komo ana o kekahi mau Competition a me nā hōʻike. Nā kākauʻoe me nā huahana loaa waiwai pio: a me ka hoʻolilo 'ia' ana no lākouʻike hoʻokumu. Ma ia E hoike mai kela kanaka keia kanaka ke kuai i ka huina hoonui i loko o ka noʻeau kaila i kapaia "Khokhloma". Photo no ka hoomanao i ka Hookah kupua hana koke. No ka lōʻihi manawa ma hope mai o ka nani lacquered mea oluolu i kona haku.

Khokhloma maka o ke keiki

Kindergartens, hoʻoulu nā mahinaʻai, a hiki i ka Soviet manawa, i loaa lako, i loko o ke kaila o Khokhloma pena. A inā paha keia noʻeau kaila i mau, ua noʻonoʻo "makua" keiki io nanea i nā papaʻaina, pena me ka artist. O ka holo ana, ia uaʻaʻole he lima-i, me nā huahana i pena lako hola, ma ka pākū pai. Akā, ua hiki mai i ka manaʻo o ke kiʻekiʻe nō Khokhloma pena, a me ia makemake mau keiki. Together me na keiki hauʻoli makua. Penei, na keiki Khokhloma ua iʻoi aku ma mua o ka "makua".

Theme no ke kula (essay)

Ke aʻo papahana i e lauwili. Khokhloma - He aha ka mea me ke kumu wahi o Hawaii? Ma nā kula o Moscow, a me ka Moscow māhele 'āina, e like me ia ma nā Lūkini kulanakauhale i loko o ka polokalamu aʻo mea ma luna o ka theme like o Lūkini poʻe kānaka akamai, a akamai, ma ka mua wahi o ke akamai o Khokhloma pena. Kona lōʻihi mōʻaukala a me ka honua kaulana ā nā haumāna, e hoike i ko lakou ka manao, ka hoike ia ma luna o ka pepa, a kiʻi i ka olelo. Ua hiki e ka poe (essay) ma luna o ke kumuhana a ka pōkole moʻolelo. Khokhloma me oe mau e hoʻoikaika i ana, ia mea e pono ai ka noonoo ana-kula kiʻekiʻe loa. Naʻe, i ka lalo papa, hoi, ke komo i loko o ka hoopaapaa ana.

Khokhloma i loko o ke mele 'ano moʻokalaleo

Paheona ua pinepine hui me nā waeʻano o kaʻike hoʻokumu. Art Khokhloma pena mea i koe. Ke mele "Khokhloma" eo loa hiʻona. Kona hana mea hoolea mele, mele a me kanaka mele. Beautiful keʻoli, soulful poetry, he, palapala mai o ka naau. Ma ka Eurovision Song "Khokhloma" mea i pono i ka wahi o ka hanohano.