Mekala 'åkilikai metala i huiʻia a me kā lākou hoʻohana

Mai a pau o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana o na kumu mua, ua nui pae o ke hooheheeia. Mekala 'åkilikai,'ākilikai honua, amphoteric, transient, radioactive - he wahi lihi iki o ka ia. hoʻohālike me nā mea a pau i eliiaʻi a Mānoa ano nui i ole wale ma ke ano maoli, a liluwelo kanaka ola, akā, i loko o nā hana. Ole no ka mea i ka XX kenekulia i ua kapaia o ka "hao".

Ke hooheheeia: kekahi mau ano

A pau ke hooheheeia i hui e like Nine Inch a me ka physical ka waiwai, ma a ka mea hiki e hoopuni kaulana mai ka 'ole-mea hao mea. No ka laʻana, ke aniani puka olu oia i 'ole e leie aku ia ia e:

• uilaʻikena conductors;
• maikai wela conductors;
• malleable a me ka ductile;
• mau nō a me ka lā'ī.

O ka holo ana, aia nō oko ao i waena o lākou. Kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia alohi kala kala like 'ole,' ē aʻe - oi matte keʻokeʻo, a me kekahi poe e ae - a pau ula a me ka melemele. Nō hoʻi, ma laila nō oko ao ma ka olelo o thermal a me ka uila conductivity. Akā nō, i kēia mau mea kiko'î a - e, he pono ole i na mea a pau i eliiaʻi, ana ole-ke hooheheeia, ua oi oko ao ma mua o mea like.

E like me ka Nine Inchʻano o nā mea a pau i eliiaʻi - hoemi konohiki. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka naoh olelo, a hiki no hoi i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ona hana like oxidizing hope, akā, kākaʻikahi. He 'ona hiki ke ho okumu i. Ke Nine Inch i huiʻia o ke hooheheeia ana maoli ai i loko o kekahi mea nui i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka mea i eliia, a me nā minelala hao, nā minelala hao a me ka' ē aʻe? Ueo. Ke degere o ka'okesaside o ke hooheheeia ka manawa 'oluʻolu, ka mea i e ikaika (Aluminum, paʻakai, kalipuna) a ee iaaanu aey (chromium, hao, keleawe, manganese).

He nui no ia e hoʻomano hoʻohana i kukulu pono hana i hoʻohana 'ia ma kekahi mau kihapai o ka' epekema a me ka 'ike loea.

Nine metala hui

I waena o kēia mau hiki e hoike ia kekahi mau nui papa o ka 'ona a mea na nā huahana o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ke hooheheeia a me nā kumu a me nā hui.

1. Oxides, hydrides, nitrides, silicides, phosphides, ozonides, carbides, sulphides a me kekahi poe e ae - aeaie i huiʻia me ka 'ole-ke hooheheeia, loa pinepine no i ka papa o ka paʻakai (koe nae na oxides).
2. Hydroxides - mau haʻilula Me ^{+ m} (OH) _m.
3. Salt. Metal i huiʻia me kaʻakika residues. Hiki e kekahi mau:

• meakino;
• ʻawaʻawa;
• palua;
• walaʻauʻana;
• eiiieaena.

4. ka'ōlinolino i huiʻia me ke aloha waiwai - organometallic 'ole.

5. ka'ōlinolino i huiʻia ai i kēlā me kēia 'ē aʻe - oka a i i loaa ma naʻano likeʻole.

Nā kinolau metala hui

'Ona i loko o i nāʻokoʻa ke hooheheeia paha e nā hou, subdivided like penei:

• oka a;
• palua paʻakai;
• eiiieaena i huiʻia;
• intermetallic i huiʻia.

Nā Papahana metala hui pu no hoi ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. No ka laʻana, e hoʻohana oka a heheʻe ano o hoʻohuihui a solidifying ka kūpono huahana.

Intermetallics i hanaʻia ma muli o ke kauoha Nine Inch reactions ma waena o ke hooheheeia, pinepine 'ia me ka Naita me ia (e like me kiniki a me ka nikala). No kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana Pono kūikawā rula: ka mahana ka loa kiʻekiʻe, puʻe, holo, muli o ka oxygen a me na mea e ae.

Kaulua paʻakai a me ka luna 'i huiʻia hiki ke hanaʻia ka wā ninini pāʻoihana o ka hoʻomaka pono hana, e like me kā lākou mau kuʻi nukeliu.

Manufacturing o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia no hoi hoʻohuʻu i ka pili ma waena o lākou. E hana i kēia, e hana epekema e like me:

• kuʻihao (kinoea, uila, a no laila, ma luna o);
• brazingʻano o nā solders;
• ka pae;
• riveting.

Na ka papa kuhikuhiE ano - mea e ho okumu i kekahi huahana e hiki e hoʻopale ai i ka popopo, a ma a ma laila e e nakaka, a impurities, mawae.

Mekala 'åkilikai metala i huiʻia a me kā lākou hoʻohana

Hea mekala 'åkilikai nā kumumea i loko o ka subgroup mua o ka papa kuhikuhiE pae o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu. Aia mau wale 6, a ua hamama ka mea, ua aneane pau loa i ka mea ia manawa me ka uuku manawa wā mawaena. Ma ke ano o ka poe noonoo ole 'ona i loko o maoli kēia mau kumu e ole ana.

Aie i ka reactivity kiʻekiʻe hana loa paʻakikī a me ka weliweli ia ia. No laila mākou i ka hana oolea, e hana mai ia lakou e ku mai ana ma ka palapala maemae. Lōʻihi ma mua hoomaka kanaka e hoʻohana likeʻole mekala 'åkilikai metala i huiʻia. Kekahi o ia i ua ike hope kahiko, aʻaʻole i lilo nui a me ka pilina i keia la. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana' enekinia, e kukulu, lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai hana, Nine Inch hana, metallurgy, ma paʻi 'enekinia, mahiʻai, a ua nui nā māhele o ka hoʻokele waiwai. I ka papa kuhikuhiE poʻe e kokoke nānā.

Ano o ka hui o ka mekala 'åkilikai i eliiaʻi a me nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia no a hiki i ka hui.

• intermetallic i huiʻia;
• eiiieaena i huiʻia;
• kaulua paʻakai.

oxides

O nā mea a pau i ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia ma maʻamau'ā ma o oxygen, e haawi aku i ka'okesaside hiki o likiuma wale. Ke koe hōʻike nō ia o excessive haʻawina, no ia mea, hana peroxides Me ₂ O _2. O na peroxides pono ai i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia'okesaside hiki ke loaa palapala ka maʻamau Me ₂ O. ka oxygen i huiʻia o ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia iʻokoʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu.

1. 'okesaside o likiuma, potasiuma a me ka paʻakai - keʻokeʻo mea pōaka ka pauka.
2. Rubidium - yellow 'ia nā pōpō'okesaside.
3. Cesium -ʻalani.

O ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ke noi - ka Nine Inch oihana puolo. Mekala 'åkilikai metala oxides pane koke me ka wai, e lilo nui i huiʻia - mekala' åkilikai. Keia waiwai, a me ka manawa ku pono i ka inoa o keia pae o ka oihana mua. I huiʻia o ka mekala 'åkilikai - metala oxides - wale kekahi hapa o ka huina kaumaha nui a me ka nui' ona, i pihaʻi me keia mau kumu.

Hydroxide (mekala 'åkilikai)

Ka huiʻia o ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia gidroksogrupp hea mekala' åkilikai paha hydroxides. A pau o ia - he loa caustic waiwai i hiki oluolu luku aneane kekahi mea. He oi loa oiaio o ka holoholona nā'aʻaʻa. No laila, e hana ana me ka alkalis e e loa akahele, hohonu Nine Inch'ā ke'ākoʻakoʻa ma ka welau o ka hui 'ana me ka ili.

Ka maikai i waena o mekala 'åkilikai waiwai mea caustic soda, a me ka paʻakai hydroxide. Kēia hui ua, ua hoikeia mai ka wā kahiko, ma ka mea, ua loko mai o ka lehu o nā mea kanu a me ka hoʻohana 'ia no ke kopa hana a me ka holoi lole. Nine haʻilula - NaOH. I kēia mau lā caustic soda produces he alahula mau dala ma kela a me keia aina, mai me kona komo 'aʻole e hana kokoke i kekahi lālā o? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia:

• i loko o kaʻaila kā hana;
• ma na nā mea hoʻonani a me ka perfumery;
• Nine Inch hoʻololi kemikala;
• no ka mea? iecaianoaaiiie o detergents, a, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe konohiki, abrasives;
• i loko o kaʻili a me ka lole hana, a me ka mahinaʻai.

Other ke hooheheeia, mai ka pae ana o kona'ākilikai palapala mea,ʻaʻole no ka nui a me ka pono ole mekala 'åkilikai. More a emi nui mea wale potasiuma hydroxide - KOH, a uaʻikeʻia me caustic potash.

paʻakai

Oia i huiʻia nā mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia, e like me ka paʻakai, i ole waleʻaneʻane koi i huiʻia, akā, i kēia manawa i loko o ke kino o ke ola kanaka, ka malama ana i ko lakou maʻamau vitality.

Salt mea mea nui, o ka papa, paʻakai koloriside. Kēia mea he mau papaʻaina paakai, i mea i loaʻa i loko o nā hale a me ka mea 'aʻole i paʻa mau nui ku i ka prevalence kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, ina ua manao ia oia koke nalo, mau kanaka makemake eʻoliʻoli hopena. Unsalted ai i pilikia, he okoa ka mea, e hookomo ana irreparable ino, mai ka kino hiki ole ke komo i ka paʻakai Ion e pono ai no na moku naau a me ke koko.

I nui mekala 'åkilikai metala i huiʻia - ka kalepona. No kalepona a me ka paʻakai bicarbonate, i ua kapaia ma ka like soda. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ke aniani, no ka manufacturing detergents. Soda hiki maluhia hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ipu. He mea maikai disinfecting, disinfecting, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana a me ke loloʻa aʻe ka waiwai. Hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka meaʻai hana, o ka oi aku i loko o ka confectionery pāʻoihana a me ka Hale Puhi Palaoa. Me ka mea i hoolapalapaia kopa ho okumu ana detergents.

Soda, paakai a me ka caustic - i mau mekala 'åkilikai metala i huiʻia ma ke ano. Lakou nei i loko o ka palapala maemae, ho okumu i hoʻokomo kālā a me kekahi hapa o ka'ā huahana o kekahi mau waiwai. I kekahi manawa e loaaʻi keʻena hoʻokolohua hana. Akā, e mau ana kēia mau waiwai, he nui a me ka waiwai, e like me ka hoʻopuni mai he kanaka, a 'ano i kona ola.

Mekala 'åkilikai metala i huiʻia a me kā lākou hana e ole kaupalena i ka paʻakai. Ua mea i pono ole a me ka hanohano i loko o nā kula o ka hoʻokele waiwai, paʻakai e like me:

• potasiuma koloriside;
• Potasiuma nitrate (potasiuma nitrate);
• potasiuma kalepona;
• Sulufahate.

i waiwai mea pōhaku fertilizers hoʻohana ma ka mahiai a pau o ia mau mea.

'ākilikai honua i eliiaʻi - i huiʻia a me kā lākou hoʻohana

Kēia waeʻano nā nā kumu o ka lua o ka pae ana o na kumu nui pūʻulu o Nine Inch hehee wale. Kā lākou mau'okesaside moku'āina o +2. Keia hana hoemi hope, hooholo koke reacts me ka hapa nui o ka poe noonoo ole 'ona a me ka hui. Ho'āʻo a pau ka waiwai typical o ke hooheheeia. Gloss, malleability, thermal a me ka uila conductivity.

Ka mea nui a me na kamalii i makanekiuma a me ka kalipuna. Beryllium hōʻike amphoteric, barium a me ka radium mea pohihihi keia oihana mua. e hiki i ka paha i ka hahai ana i ke ano o ka pili 'o Randy a pau o lakou:

• intermetallic;
• oxides;
• hydrides;
• aeaie paʻakai (i huiʻia me ka nonmetals);
• hydroxides;
• paakai (palua, eiiieaen,ʻakika, walaʻauʻana, meakino).

E noonoo oe i ka mea nui i huiʻia, mai ka mea hiki wahi o Hawaii a me kā lākou palapala noi.

makanekiuma a me ka kalipuna paʻakai

Mau'ākilikai honua metala i huiʻia, e like me ka paʻakai, e nui no ka noho ana meaola. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ke kalipuna paʻakai i ke kumu o keia hehee ai i loko o ke kino. A me ka mea hiki ole e maʻamau ho okumu ana o ka iwi, niho, pepeiao, holoholona, hooves, ka lauoho a me ke kapa, a no laila, ma luna o.

Penei, o ka loa e like me ka paʻakai, he'ākilikai honua metala mea paʻapuna. Kona 'ē aʻe:

• chalk;
• kinikini;
• limestone;
• dolomite.

Ua hoʻohana 'ole wale me he wale mai ana o ke kalipuna Ion i loko o ka meaola ola, akā, me he haleʻia, heʻiʻo maka nō mea no Nine Inch hana, i loko o nā nā mea hoʻonani hana, aniani, a no laila, ma luna o.

Na hui o kona'ākilikai honua ke hooheheeia e like me sulfates, i mea nui. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana 'barium sulufahate (ka' inikua inoa "barite porridge") ma ka radiology. kalipuna sulufahate i loko o ka palapala o ka mea pōaka - ka gypsum, a ua loaʻa i loko o maoli. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka oihana lapaau, e kukulu, hahi ka hopena he.

Phosphors o kona'ākilikai honua i eliiaʻi

Mau waiwai i ike mai ka Middle Ages. Mua, ua kapaia ka mea, phosphors. Keia inoa ua loaʻa i kēia lā. Ma ko lakou ano, kēia hui - ka makanekiuma sulfide, strontium, barium, kalipuna.

Ma ka kekahi lapaʻau, e hiki ke hōʻike phosphorescent ka waiwai, a me ka maikai loa glow maiʻulaʻula i ka aahu poni iho la lakou. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ke alanui na hoailona,ʻaʻahu aliʻi a me nā mea a pau.

eiiieaena hui

Waiwai i nā elua a oi kekahi mea hao oihana mua o ke 'ano, - metala eiiieaena i huiʻia. Loa pinepine, ka mea, i ke kinowai ai, i nani a me ka lei kohu. Hoʻohana 'ia ma ka mākau kemika no ka qualitative ka loaʻaʻana o ka Ion.

Oia waiwai i hiki ke ho okumu i ole wale o ka honua ke hooheheeia mekala 'åkilikai, a'ākilikai akā, i nā mea a pau i ke koena. Aia hydroxo, Aqua eiiieaenu a me na mea e ae.