Miklos Horthy - ka luna o Hungary ma ka interwar au

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I, Hungary poho 2/3 o kona mokuna. No hoi, ua lilo ka aina i ka nui loa o ka waiwai a me ka Loaʻaʻia komo i ke kai. Ma keia kulana, ke aupuni mea e pono like o ka lewa i ka ikaika alakaʻi o ka authoritarian kumumanao. Oia ka luna, a ua lilo Miklos Horthy.

Makahiki o ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

I ka wā e hiki mai kahu aupuni i hanau June 18, 1868 ma ka ohana o ka nui o ka meakino landowners. Makua i hoʻonaʻauao a me ka manaoio aku i ka lakou poe keiki e no hoi e hoʻonaʻauao i ka pono. Kela manawa, 8 makahiki Miklós Horthy helu kuhi puke kona mau haʻawina ma ka College o Debrecen reformatory. I ka 1878, na makua o Miklos unuhi i loko o ka kula Kelemānia (Sopron). I ka 1882, ua hala ke koho ma ka Competition 12 kanaka ma ka wahi, Horthy lilo he haumāna o ka mokukaua Academy ma ka noho Croatian kulanakauhale o Rijeka. Puka 'o ia mai keia kula i ka 1886.

Miklos Horthy: Kawaihae ulu

Mākou meʻe mea mua koke ma hope o ka Academy hoomaka ae la e hōʻike kupaianaha waiwai i loko o ka malina hana. Pūkaua o ka Austro-Hunakalia koa i kekahi o kona mau talena. I ka 1894, o ka poe koa, uaʻikeʻia ma luna o ka moku mua e mahu traction. 'Ike i kēia hana mana o ka' ike loea hou i Komikina'Āina Miklos. 'Eono makahiki ma hope, lilo' o ia i ka luna o ka nui moku kaua. Ua Ua maopopo i ua ia na hua o ia i nā hana i ka oihana o ka huakaʻi hou.

A hiki i 1918, Miklos Horthy (kiʻi hiki ke ike ia ma ka 'atikala) i kauoha mai ai kekahi mau moku. He komo i loko o nā kaua o ka First World War. I ka mahina hope o ka Austro-Hunakalia aupuni a pau, i ka wa a ka'auwaʻa ho'āʻo e hoola mai ka'opi Karl Habsburg koho Miklós Horthy'auwaʻa luna koa.

Hunakalia realities ma hope o ka pau ana o ka First World

E like me ka hopena o ka Versailles kuikahi'ōnaehana Hungary i waena o ka loli States. I rula, i ka hemahema o ka maluhia kuikahi ua akaka no aneane koke, akā, kā lākou mau keiki hookama kumu hoʻomalu i ka pauʻana o nā hostilities. Ma ke kumu o Austria-Hungary i hanaia e kekahi mau aupuni Hawaii. E like me ka hopena, i kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni mahele o nā panalāʻau e Hungary poho 30% o ko lākou mau lāhui aina. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hola he 3.3 miliona poʻe e noho ana.

Ke Kuikahi o Versailles ma ka mea ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa Hungarians like me ka lāhui. No ka Hungary i kokoke i ka mea like me Germany. Ka Pahuhopu o Miklós Horthy i loko o ka lāʻau kū o ka kuhina ua e hoihoi aina nani a me ka ole o Hungary maʻEulopa.

Wahi luluʻikepili hortistkogo? Aaeei

Ma ka interwar wā ma Hungary hana hanana e hooponopono nenoaiu. Formally, ka moku'āina noho i ke aupuni mō'ī. I aku o ka lanakila, mai ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ka Habsburg nā aliʻi i loko o 1919 ua ole, me ka Entente puʻe wale Charles IV e abdicate. Ma waho aʻeo i ka Nowemapa 1, 1921 ka Hunakalia aupuni palapala i ke kānāwai ma luna o withdrawal o ka Habsburg aliʻi monarsheskogo noho aliʻi.

Nā makahiki kia-kaua o 1950-1980 historiography pili ana i ke kahua o ka Papa o Miklós Horthy ma Hungary like me ka fascist dictatorship. I makemake makemake e kū'ē'ē 'oe i ka mea, no ka mea,:

- i loko o ka moku'āina functioning bicameral hale kanawai, ka mea hoʻokani nui i kūlana ma ka olelo hooholo-ana ma waena o nā kulanui;

- ka mea, i kukulu i nunui-aoao kahua ;

- ma ka noa a me ka maikai ke koho, o ka aoao ke komo a pauʻaoʻao;

- ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka hana maoli o ke kū'ē 'aoʻao ma ka hale kanawai me ka hehee ai o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu.

Ma aneiai hua'ōlelo, ka moku'āina kulana i Ua loa kaumaha. Ke Dictator (e like me ka mea i kapaia Soviet moʻolelo) ka mea,ʻaʻole loa, haohao o loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai, no laila, e'ōlelo aku i kekahi mihi nui i loko o kēia wahi mea i pono. No loli Ua manaoia i ka kahua i ka 1932 oi ma mua o 800.000 Hungarians koeʻaʻole loaʻaʻoihana. I e like me ka 1920, i ke kulanaʻiʻo holomua, akā,ʻaʻole nui.

He nui loa ma ka Hunakalia hoʻokele waiwai ku ma ka global aneiai ulia o ka 1929- 1933 makahiki. I ka 1930, ua haule ma ka Pukapeka Stock haawi aku i na. Ka ua haʻahaʻa ulu aneiai i kaulia ana. All kia-kaua makahiki, uku o ka poe hana ma na nā hale hana noho haʻahaʻa.

Kuwaho? Eia

Mākou i mai la mua i Miklos Horthy - ka dictator i loko o ka hoohalike o ke kia-kaua Soviet moʻolelo. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke kumu o ka kuwaho o ka? Eia i ka hoi ana mai o ka lāhui i ?? eoi?. I ka manawa kūpono o nā loli i loko o ka Versailles'ōnaehana Horthy ike wale ma ka rapprochement me Kelemania, me he luahi ma ka pau 'ana o ke kaua aoao, a me ka mea'ē aʻe he fascist aina - Italy. Ma keia hihia, no ka Hunakalia kahu aupuni i makemake ole e hāʻule ma lalo o ka aoao o kekahi moku'āina, a imi iho la e ho okumu i ka like hui ana.

I ka makahiki 1927, he aelike i kakauinoaia "Ma mau aloha" me Italy. iho o ka hoonohoia'na kalaiaina pili aloha ma waena o nā Hui Pūʻia. Ke rapprochement me Kelemania, hoomaka iho la ma hope o ka makahiki 1933. Keia kuikahi ua hoihoi a me Adolf Hitler, nana i koi i ka i kā mākou helu o allies maʻEulopa. Ma waena o hoowahawahaia alakai e paa ana ia mau halawai manawa a me na alihi kaua ike kekahi i kekahi i ka oihana, a hele mai i kekahi mau denominator.

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o na 1930s Miklosh Horti (pōkole Kawaihae hooku iho la ia ma luna) i kekahi mau nui lahui kipa. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i Horthy ka kipa ia Poland, Italia a me Austria. Eia hou, he mau hana kēia hui kūkāʻana e pili ana i ka lawe ana mai i loko o allies o Yugoslavia.

Ia kenekoa i waiwai ai hopena o 1930s

1938 a me 1939 makahiki he i ka manawa o ka mālama '-kaua ia kenekoa redistribution. Āpana 'Hungary i legalized ai-i kapaia o Vienna kūkākūkā. The State Horthy neʻe ma Hawaii Solowakia, a me ka loa komohana hapa o keia-lā Ukraine (Transcarpathia mai i ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o Uzhgorod). Ka huina nui o ka lānai hou hoohuiia nā panalāʻau e like me 1 miliona kanaka. Like mea akaka, mai kēia mau kūʻiʻo, ua i hana i ka global Horthy kona hana i ka 1938, nolaila, ae hoomau ana i ka E alu like me Hitler.