Mōʻaukala o Smolensk. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i Smolensk

Mōʻaukala o Smolensk mea o ka hoihoi ole wale i na nā kupa a me nā malihini o kēia kūlanakauhale. Ua ua hoailono aku la ma na hanana o ka lahui manaʻo nui. Diamond kumukuai o Rusia, kī-kulanakauhale, kulanakauhale-meʻe, hohola mai ma luna o 7 puʻu ... I ka olelo e pili ana i Smolensk kanaka, kamailio e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka pau ana o Rusia, no ka mea, oʻaneʻi mea pinepine i kela kapa destinies a me ke ala o ko mākou Fatherland.

Mua oe i hoʻomaka i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale, e olelo aku i kekahi mau olelo e pili ana i nā kānaka i kahi o Smolensk. Ua Ua Aia i ka akau-komohana mai Moscow, 378 ei aku, i loko o ka luna ino i o ka Dnieper. Ma kona mau mokuna o ka hale a hiki i kahi o 330 tausani. Man. Ma ka palapala ua hoailono aku ulaula Smolensk māhele 'āina.

A 'ike hiʻona o ke kulanakauhale o Smolensk

Smolensk o kekahi o na kulanakauhale kahiko i loko o Rusia. He mea ka ia makahiki me Novgorod a me Kiev mea mua ma mua o Moscow. Mōʻaukala o Smolensk, i lilo ai i loko o ka makahiki 863, ka wā i ke kūlanakauhale i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke alanui "mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka poe Helene." Ua hoÿomaopopo i nä ia ia iho i ka luakini kahiko, ke kūlana pale ipu lepo pa, i ka pā kaua hale kiaʻi. Mau kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me na hale i ike i ka muli, a hoʻomohala o Smolensk, a me ka mea, i ka pau ana o Rusia. It Smolensk nui māhele'āina i ka hale Gagarin, Asimov, Glinka, Przewalski, Twardowski a me nā poʻe i i ikeia ma waho o ko mākou moku'āina.

Maikai loa Smolensk waena i keia la. ua hiki i ka hui pu iho i ka uhane o ke kahiko a me ka modernity huali hōʻeuʻeu lewa i ke kūlanakauhale. He ola i keia la i'ō i ke ola o ka wa opiopio. Aia He He kailaʻAuwana I Ke Ahiahi, lehulehu kulanui a me nā cinemas. Ka mea lahaʻole kī, hoʻonānea ka pō pōʻeleʻele loa a me ka walaʻau ki, mika pāhoʻonui lua, lā,'ōmaʻomaʻo nā wahi ulu lāʻau, a malu kihi o ka pāpana o ke kulanakauhale, kona pulsation a me ka hanu.

Olelo ana mai o Smolensk, a Smolensk māhele 'āina, he mea hiki ole i ka nana i ka ano me ke koe a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau, i ka nani o ke aniani-e like ili o ic ?? a me nā ululāʻau. Nature ipo e e hiki ke hanu i ka nahele lewa, e kipa i ka untouched kihi o ka 'ano mea e loaʻa i loko o ka Smolensk Mammoth hiki - National Park.

Hoʻololi ma manawa, mea nō kēia kūlanakauhale hiki ke malama i ka moku'āina kaʻume, nā kuʻuna Hawaiʻi a me nā hana moʻomeheu. Ka lewa haawi i ka wahine paha, o Smolensk eclectic wa opiopio ola, kuikui no i ke ki, a kahiko aoao.

Ka muli o Smolensk, i ka 'aoʻao mua o ka moʻolelo

Kēia kūlanakauhale i hoʻokumu i ka uka ino i o ka Dnieper River like me ka tribal kikowaena-Krivichy Slavs. Smolensk History hoʻomaka me ka hai mua ana ia i loko o kaʻoihana aliʻi o Ustyug, i nā lā mai o ka makahiki 863. Ma ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ana i ka paukū Askold a me Dir hele mawaho i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o ke alii, mai nei i ke kulanakauhale o Smolensk i ka manawa "ka huahekili kanaka nui loa." I I ka 882, ua he lawe o Prince Oleg o keia hooponopono, a ua haawiia keia i loko o ka mua Novgorod Chronicle. History Smolensk paha ma ka oiaio i ka mea, ua ma ka hopena o ka IX kenekulia lilo kekahi hapa o Kievan Rus, akā, alii iho la oia vechem no ka manawa lōʻihi ma hope ia. Ka memo o Konstantina Bagryanorodnogo (ka Byzantine Emperor) e pili ana i ka waena o ka X kenekulia, ua kapaʻia kēia kūlanakauhale, a me Kiev hūlili.

Smolensk ma XI-XII kenekulia

Ma hope o kona makeʻana i loko o 1054 Yaroslav Mudry, oiai ma Smolensk kaikaina noho aliʻi ihola kāna mau keiki kāne: Vyacheslav mua, a ma hope ona - Igor.

Mākou e hoihoi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ma ka wēlau o ka XI kenekulia i kekahi mau 'kulanakauhale Vladimira Monomaha, i loaa ia ia ma waho aʻeo ia Pereyaslavl South, me kona kahiko "fiefdom." Smolensk na'lii a ua loaʻa pili aupuni kuokoa ia Rostislav Mstislavovich, moʻopuna kāne o Monomakh. Rostislav i pa i ka 1134 Smolensk townsmen pakaua. I ia manawa, i ke kulanakauhale ua, ua nui loa. Ua Ua alakaʻi mālama nui pōhaku kūkulu i noho ai ma lalo o kāna mau keiki kāne Rostislav Mstislavovich - Roman, me ka pōkole wanaao ae Knyazhye 1160 ma ka 1180, a me Davida (mai ka 1180 ma 1197). Ma Smolensk, ma ka hopena o ka XII kenekulia he mea he aupuni kūʻokoʻa kuhikuhipuʻuone kula.

Ma maikaʻi'āina helu ma ka Dnieper River, mākou i ka nui a me ka hoʻokiwikā monastic halepule, townsmen a me na luna o ka ekalesia, a pēlā hoʻi me episcopal ekalesia. Kēia hana i ka nani aeaiaua o Smolensk, i ma luna o ke kalepa ana o kanaka i hele mai, mai kahi'ē, maoli nō manaʻo.

imi naʻauao ke ola ana o ke kulanakauhale

Me Moʻolelo a me Culture ma ia manawa i ke kiʻekiʻe 'ilikai. A hiki aku i ka maha i hana nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao ma a mea, mānewanewa nā puke a me nā kula e ao ana Roma a me Helene. Mau thinkers nui e noho ana, mai ka aina Smolensk, me Clement Smolyatich, kākau'ōlelo a me ka poe akeakamai, ka mea i koho Kauhalenui o Kiev i ka 1147, a me ka Rev. Avraamiy Smolensky, "ka makana o pastoral malama" a me ka "palapala" a ua kaulana ma luna o kekahi o kona wā.

? Ac? O akamai a me ka kuai, i ke kaua o Batu

? Ac? Aaioea akamai a me ka hana. I ka 1229, ua manao kekahi Kuikahi me Gotland, Riga a me ka akau-Kelemānia kulanakauhale. Keia aelike ua ike like me ka "Smolensk kālepa oiaio." Ma hope oʻulupā i kekahi poe o Batu i ka 1239, Smolensk i pakele ai i ka Mongol ka make, oiai ka mea, a laila, ua pono e uku aku i ka waiwai auhau i ka Gula iā Goga. Nomads i ka 1339 ho'āʻo e hoʻopio hou i ke kulanakauhale kipi, akā,ʻike ikaika pakaua ma ke kahua o ka Smolensk aku la lakou.

Smolensk me hapa o Duchy o Lithuania

Kēia kūlanakauhale, mai ka XIV kenekulia ma lalo o puʻe mai Lithuania. Vytautas, Grand Duke o Lithuania, i ka 1404 hoʻopunipuni pio Smolensk ma hope o ka elua-mahina ka hoʻopuniʻana. I ka 1410 Smolensk, i mua i kekahi hapa o Duchy o Lithuania, komo i loko o ke kaua o Grunwald. Ke brunt o ka Teutons i ma ekolu o Smolensk regiment, e noho ana ma ka waena konu o ka poe kaua o ka Slavic kanaka. Ka mea, kaua mai la ia i ka make, manao, ma ka mea, o ka hope o keia kaua.

Ke liberation o Smolensk, i ke kulanakauhale o ka ulu ana i loko o ka XVI kenekulia

A lohe o Prince Vasily III i ka 1514 Smolensk i hookuu ia. He lilo kekahi hapa o Muscovy. A lohe o Ivan ka weliweli ma ka waena o ka XVI kenekulia, ka mea, ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka ipu lepo kona kumu hou lāʻauʻoka hūlili. Posad ka Dnieper nunui hoʻonui,ʻia i loko o ke kapa hema o ka elua hou noho - a Churilovskaya Rachevsky. John Kobentsel haole, ka mea i loko o 1575 kipa i ke kulanakauhale, like me ka waiwai o kona Roma. Polish-Lituania koa, nele o ka pakaua, strategically nui ia ia, pinepine ae hoao e lawe hou ana i ke kulanakauhale. Ua lawe ia ka olelo hooholo, e hooikaika i ka outpost o ke komohana palena o ka aina ma ka pau 'ana o ke kenekulia XVI. I Smolensk, i kukulu ia i ka ikaika pā pā i loko o 1596-1602 makahiki.

kaua o ka auamo

City aia ma loko o nā makahiki 1609-1611 dvadtsatimesyachnuyu hoʻopuni, i ka mea i hoolilo i ka poe kaua o Sigismund III o, ke Polish ke alii. Ma ka Inoa 'palapala i kapaia o, e kaua i ka poʻe komohewa, ka mea i olelo mai ia ina ua ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he mau o kēia mau "krepkostoyatelnyh kulanakauhale" ka Lūkini moku'āina, ka poe enemi i makemake nepovadno komo i ka aina Lūkini. Koko ole Smolensk haule iho i loko o June 1611. Wale nō 43 makahiki ma hope, i ka noho alii ana o Alexei Mikhailovich, la oia i hookuu ia mai i kaʻauamo, a me ka ua hope komo i loko o ka Lūkini moku'āina.

Great Northern War i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale

Smolensk i ka Great Northern War i kekahi manawa hou ma ke alanui o ka lanakila. Hoomau pinepine aku au i hele mai nei ma Peter I, i loko o ka hanana o ke kaua o ka Swedes paa i ke kulanakauhale. Kēia Auguseto ma October 1708 ma ka City Hall kauoha aku halawai ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale, nāna i pepehi iā ma ke kauhale o Forest ka poe i hele i ke kōkua o Charles XII Kuekene mau pūʻali ma lalo o ke kauoha o General Lewenhaupt.

Ka hou kūlana haʻahaʻa

Mākou e hoihoi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ma ka 1708 loaa i ka hou kūlana - i ke kūlana o ke kulanakauhale moku'āina. Ke kapa komo kahiko o na mea kaua o Smolensk, a depicts i ka pu, a me ka manu o ka paradaiso e noho ana ma luna o ka mea, ua apono ia i ka 1780. Ma ka lalo o ke kālā helu i keia la i ka mākia: "hoʻonaniʻia pā". Hoikehonua, kapa Smolensk hooku iho la ia ma lalo nei. Ma Smolensk, i ka pau ana o ka XVIII kenekulia o ka heluna o ka 11579 poʻe e noho ana.

Ka Mokuna reunification o na poe kaua elua ma kahi o Smolensk

Ma ka mōʻaukala o Smolensk, palapala iho la i ka'ōlohe wiwoʻaoʻao ma ka 1812. 1st a 2nd Lūkini poe koa e emi mai ka komohana palena ma hope o ka kaua o Napoleon, hui ma Smolensk. e hālāwai nā Palani ma ukiuki kū'ē mai Russian: ma luna o ka pā pōhaku, a bastions o kaʻenemi hoouka bravely lewa i ka Lūkini koa. Hoʻohui i ka poe koa o Bagration a Barclay de Ka Tolly ma Smolensk Napoleon o Nyos i na manao e eo ai ia i kekahi e kekahi. Ma na aoao, keia ka mea paa i ka hope o ke kaua o Borodino (he Alihikaua Nui la - Kutuzov).

Kaua o Smolensk: lāliʻi

Palani koa makemake i ole mea mea i ka lā hānau o ka Auguseto (Aug. 4) komo i loko o kēia kūlanakauhale. Aʻaneʻi August 4-5 i wahi i ke kaua o Smolensk. Haneri o grenades a me nuclei, ua lū na tausani o nā pōkā kulanakauhale. Ka Palani i aneane E ke Kumu Molohovskimi ka puka pā. Akā, kōkua i hiki ai, ma ka manawa, a holo aku la mai o ka pa, Russian keʻehi mai o ka moat o ka Palani. No hoi na wahi e meʻe o Smolensk kaua aku i ka hoouka. Mākou i kekahi i loko o ke kaua o na mea he nui townspeople, e hali ana i ka eha a hiki i ke kūlanakauhale kāna mau 'ōlelo a me ka hanai ana i ka poe koa. Me ka makau o ka nukelea, na wahine i lawe mai nā pākeke o ka wai luhi koa. No ka lōʻihi manawa hoomauia i ka hoomalu ana o Smolensk. Ke Palani hou, a hou holo kiki e ka ino i ke kulanakauhale, akā, mau i ole no kuʻu kaumaha. A laila, i ka Auguseto Napoleon kauoha aku la ia ia e kuni i ke pōkā pahū, a pii aku la i ke kulanakauhale me ka lapalapa o ke ahi.

August 6 i loko o ke kakahiaka, hiki maila ka'ōlelo Farani, ka makau i loko o ka nele Smolensk i ole. Ma Nikolsky Trail I kipaku Napoleon. Emperor hao wale 4 lā ma hope, hele akula i Moscow. Naʻe, ka mea Lūkini koa i hoopili pu iho ai, a hoʻi akula. Lūkini poʻe hao wale ma luna o ka Borodino kahua, hooeueuia lakou e ke alo o ka puka ikona o ka Mother o ke Akua, i loko o ko lākou mau kahua (ka mea, ua hoʻokomoʻia i loko o kahi i hoʻomoana ai ma mua o ka kaua), hooauheeia ka ho'āhewa wale 'o ka Palani. He Hoikehonua hoʻomaopopo laila ka mana o ka Lūkini uhane.

E hoʻi o Napoleon

Napoleon 2 mahina ma hope o ka hopu ana o Smolensk holo mua hoʻi me kona poe pololi iho la ia kaua. He hele aku la ma ka wawae i Smolensk October 28 ma na puka pa ou Dnepropetrovsk me kekahiʻahaʻaina, ma ka icy alanui. Like ma mua, ua kaawale ko ke kulanakauhale. Pololi a me ke anu, a halawai mai la me na koena o kona poe koa. Napoleon, infuriated ma keia a kauoha aku, e puhi i na pa o ke kulanakauhale, ona no ia ia, a haʻalele ia i ka holo ia. Ma ka lewa soared 9 Smolensk hale kiaʻi. Mai ma lalo o ke koena, hele mai i ka hoʻopakeleʻana Lūkini rangers e hoʻokele e wehe i ka wicks.

Smolensk ma ke kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia

Smolensk i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia ua he laau moku'āina kulanakauhale. Wale 283 o ka 2.698 hale, he pohaku. Ma kēia kūlanakauhale, e like me ka helu o ka makahiki 1881, he 33,9 tausani. People. 40 na ekalesia a me monasteries hana ma Smolensk. Ma ka po o Okatoba 31, 1917 kūpono ma ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni mōʻaukala o kēia kūlanakauhale. Ua hoomaka ka houʻaoʻao - Soviet Smolensk. Ua i laila, i ka kūloko Bolsheviks, ka mea i hai mai i ka paa ana o Soviet mana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Mai ana mai ka lukuia, a laila, i ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, i ka wä, Stalinist repression i ka Naziʻoihana.

The Great Patriotic War i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale

Smolensk i loko o June 1941, ua i loko o ke ala o ka nui loa o ka Kelemānia puali. Kaumaha kaua no ke kūlanakauhale he mau pule. Lōʻihi-kau pale o Smolensk i alakaʻi ai i ka mea i ka uila ka hopu ana i ke kulanakauhale alii kumumanao i Wahi. Eia ka Kelemānia koa no ka manawa mua loa iloko o ke Kaua Honua II i haʻakoi, e hele ma ke kūlana pale.

I ka 1943, 25 September, ua he kaua ma Smolensk, like me ka hopena o i ke kulanakauhale i hookuuia. Ke kaua i lawe mai untold hoomanawanui a hiki i ka aina. Koa Smolensk i ae mai kaumaha ka pōʻino. Kokoke i ke kumu o kaʻenemi luku i ke kulanakauhale. Liberators o 157 tausani poe kamaaina e noho ana 'aneʻi ma mua o ka kaua, wale 13 tausani kanaka kali.

"Key City"

Smolensk, e hele ana ma nā mea a pau i haule iho ai i kona kaʻana like 'ana o nā ordeals, ua hoopaa iho la i ka hanana Look. Paʻa i nā pā, a kahiko luakini, uku obelisks a kilohana kia hoʻomanaʻo i - e like me ka milestone i loko o kona ola ana, pili loa ua hoʻopili i ko kakou aupuni ka naue like. Smolensk, i koena ahi ahi, keehia mai o kaʻenemi ka make, loaa kaulana kiai palena o ka Lūkini moku'āina, ia ua lilo ia i hōʻailona o Lūkini patriotism a me ka perseverance. Ia mea,ʻaʻole no ka mea i kapaʻia he kī-kulanakauhale.

Historical Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha no Smolensk

I keia la, i ke kulanakauhale o ka mōʻaukala oe e hoʻolauna iā ia i ka iau. Keia Historical Museum, "St. Petersburg - Russian Kuahene" (kiʻi ma lalo nei), "Smolensk ma ka Great Patriotic War 1941-1945". Kēlā me kēia o ko lākou i loko o lākou iho hoihoi. Historical Museum, e hai aku ia oe e pili ana i ka hala o ke kulanakauhale, mai prehistoric manawa a hiki i ka XX kenekulia. "St. Petersburg - Lūkini palekaua" mea i loko o ka hekili hale kiai, i ka hapa o ka Smolensk pā paia.

E kipa kēia paena, e hiki ke ike me kou mau maka i nā hanana Kalaiaina o ka hale kiai, pii i kona pali, a ololi anuu maloko e mahalo i ka lāʻau canopy, e like me aʻo e pili ana i ke kaua i i wahi 'aneʻi ma ka XVI-XVII kenekulia, a me ke kukulu ana o ka pā kaua paia.

"Smolensk ma wwii" - he iau aia i loko o ka hale nona mamua, ma ka City People ka Kula, i kukulu ia i ka makahiki 1912. Ieoaeunoai o keia hale i hoolaa ai i ka centennial lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka lanakila ma luna o Napoleon. May 8, Ua weheia ma hope? Aeiino? 2015 o ka iau.

E kipa mau Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha no Smolensk, oe e haha i ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale, aʻo i ka hailona o ka hou a me ka hoihoi 'na mea e pili ana ia ia.