Nā papahana nui a me nā'ano o nā'ōpala: like a me nā'ano like'ole

'O kekahi o nā po'e kahiko loa o ka honua nei he nui nā'ōpala a me nā laikini e uhi ana i nā wahi nui. Ho'ohui pū kēia mau mea kanu i ka pilina me nā algae, akā, aia kekahi mau'oko'a nui ma waena o lākou.

'O ka lichen he hō'ailona o nā mea le'ale'a a me nā algae. Ku'i ka'ilikena ma waena o nā lawai'a. Oia lichen kino 'ole mau hiʻohiʻona nō i ka mea kanu i ka hoʻokemu ona mau ma fungal filaments a kaʻina nā minelala hao mea hoʻoheheʻe malaila ma ka ke aloha waiwai me ka uliuli līoho. Ke ho'ohālikelike'ia me nā'ōpala, ua'oi aku ka maika'i o nā lichens, akā, ua malo'o me ka nele i ka wai a make i ka'ike'ole o ka mālamalama.

Pono nā Mosses i ka uhi a me ka wai, i kalo'ia mai ka honua ma o nā'ano filamentary kūikawā - rhizoids, e like me ke a'a. He'ano like'ole nā'ano like'ole o nā'ōpala, akā, ho'omāhuahua lākou a pau i nā waiwai. He wai ko'iko'i ka wai i ka hana hou'ana, no ka mea, me ke kōkua'ana i ka hele'ana o nā kāne o nā kāne i ka wahine zygote a me ka wai'ona.

'O nā'ano a pau o mosses e hana hou i kahi kūwae waena - ka ho'okumu'ia'ana o nā mea kanuxxxx - he protophyte, hiki'ole ke hana hou'ia, kahi e ulu ai ka capsule me ka pala. Ma muli o ka meiosis, ho'opili ka spores a ho'okumu i kahi protoneme - he'ano filamentary, ka mea i ho'ololi hou'ia i loko o ka wahine a male kāne paha - gametophyte. No laila, aia he ho'ololi o ka hanauna hanauna me ka ma'amau.

E halii mai i ka limu mea kanu conventionally puunaueia i loko o 3 papa.

1. Pāku'i. Loa'a nā'ano o nā'ōpili o kēia papa i'oi aku i 300 mau'ano,'o ka mahele nui o ka hā'awi'ana o nā mea ulu. 'O ka'ōpili o Anthocero mosses he'ano'ano kūikawā - aia nā'āpana wahine i loko o ka papa ha'aha'a o ka mea kanu,'o ia ho'i he rosette, mai loko mai o ia mau mea e ho'opili'ia ana he kāpena podgotiform elongated, a he mau eletars - mau mea lele e ho'olaha i ka maika'i o nā spores.

2. He mau ma'i hepa, i pani'ia e nā subclasses marshantsievye a me yungermannievye. 'O ka lālani mua e pili ana i nā mea kanu e like me ke'ano o ka gametophyte ma ke'ano like'ole a me ka'aila o ka hinu, a he mea mua loa ka spozen a'a'ole ho'i he kapi. 'O nā lālā o ka lua o nā'ao'ao he nui nā kino o ke kino a ua'ano like'ole lākou i ke'ano o ka gametophyte. He mea ma'alahi nā hō'eu'eu i nā mea'enehana a me nā mea'oko'a.

3. Listostebelnye. Nā'ano like'ole o nā'ōpala o ka helu kaulike he'umi o nā tausani (e pili ana i 95% o nā'ōpala a pau) a ho'okomo i nā 3 subclasses: brieves, sphagnous and andreev. No ka lā'au andreev he mau mea li'ili'i'ano ula'ula, e ulu ma nā pōhaku. No ka sphagnum, he kūpono ke hele'ana o kahi'ōma'a pololei a me ka pana pua i ke'ano o ka capsule sphere. He'ano like'ole nā'ano o nā pīpī'ano lepo, akā, he mau niho kūikawā nā mea kanu a pau no ka ho'opau'ana i nā spores.

Ua ulu nui nā kumu lā'au lau nui ma nā ululā'au a me nā wahi lepo, ma ka'ākau. Ua kaulana loa i ka limu Kukushkin olona, sphagnum leukobry - ke ano o ka limu, Hawaii photo a ia lŘlŘ like me ka nui encyclopedias, e like me ia ma kou Hawaii photo ohi.

He hana ko'iko'i'o Mosses i ke kūkulu'ana i nā meaolaolaola a me ke kūkulu'ana i ka peat, kahi i ho'ohana'ia i loko o ka'oihana. No ka ho'olālā'ana i nā māla'āina, ho'ohana'ia ka moa, hiki ke ma'alahi i ka ulu'ana i ka lelo, ke kō, kefir a me kekahi o nā mea kanu.