'O ka wai uila, ka hana a me nā waiwai

I ka wā ma mua,'a'ole i no'ono'o nā kānaka i ka wai a me ke kumu o kona wai. Aia kekahi mana'o he mea kēia, akā i kēia manawa, ua'ike'ia he mea chemical.

I ka makahiki 1932 ua lele ka honua holo'oko'a ma ka Honua ma waho o kahi ma'alahi, he wai nui. I kēia manawa, ua'ike mua'ia he 135 paha o kona'ano isotope.

'O ka hui

'O ka wai'ele'ele,'oiai i kapa'ia he deuterium oxide,'a'ole ia i ke'ano o ke kinona mele mai ka mea ma'amau, akā ma kahi o nā hydrogen o nā wai i loko o ka wai,'elua 2 isotopes kaumaha o ka hydrogen, ka mea i kapa'ia he deuterium. 'O ka wai'eha ka mea i hana'ia 2H2O a i'ole D2O. Ma waho,'a'ole he mea like ma waena o ka wai kaumaha a ma'alahi, akā, ma ko lākou mau waiwai, he'oko'a lākou.

'O nā hana kūmole i loko o ka wai nui ka nāwaliwali ma mua o ka mea ma'amau.

'O ke kaumaha o ka wai'eha. Ua hō'ike nā ho'okolohua'epekema i ka ho'ololi'ana i nā hāmole hydrogen i ke deuterium e ka 25%, ke kumu'ole o ka mea'ole ma nā holoholona. Inā'oe e ho'onui i kāna mea i loa'a i ka wai, make ka holoholona. Naʻe, i kekahi mau meaola ola mahope aku o ma 70% deuterium (Paramecium caudatum). 'O kekahi kanaka me nā hopena olakino e hiki ke inu e pili ana i ke aniani o ia wai. I kēia hihia, ua ho'oku'u'ia ke deuterium mai ke kino no kekahi mau lā.

Kaumaha ka wai i ka waiwai o ka loaa ana ma electrolyte kaulike, ina lawe reusable ka wai electrolysis. Ho'okomo ke kai i nā nalu o kahi wai li'ili'i ma waho,'o ia ho'i. 'O hygroscopic.

'O kekahi o nā'ano ko'iko'i o kēia'ano wai,'o ia ka'ane'ane'ole e komo i ka ne'ona, a hiki i kēia mea ke ho'ohana'ia ia i nā ho'opiho ho'olālā no ke ka'ina hana ho'opunipuni, a ma ke kula ke ho'ohana'ia e like me ke kuhikuhi'ana o ka isotope.

'O ka wai lu'u, loa'a

I ka makahiki 1933-1946 wale nō ke'ano o ka ho'onui'ana i ke kaula. Ua'ike'ia nā'enehana hou a'e i hope. Hana'ia ka hana hana hana hou i ke kahawai ho'okomo i ka wai i ho'opiha'ia mai ka mea electrolyte, me ka nui o ka wai wai o ka 0.1-0.2%.

'O ka pae mua o ka ho'opi'i'ana e ho'ohana i ka'enehana hawewe sulfure e lua-mahana no ka ho'ololi isotope,'o ka ho'okumu i ka puka o ka wai kaumaha he 5-10%. 'O ka lua o ka hopena,'o ka electrolysis kōpikipiki o ka hopena alakaena ma ka'ole o ke anawela,'o ka puka puka puka he 99.75-99.995%.

Ua ho'omohala nā'enekema'epekema i nā'enehana kūikawā no ka hana'ana a me ka mālama'ana i ka wai kaumaha. I ka makahiki 1995, ua ho'okumu'ia ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka'oihana maika'i. Ho'opiha'ia ka hana i ka makemake o nā'oihana no ka wai kaumaha ma kekahi'ano, a hiki nō ho'i ke kū'ai aku i waho.

Ka ho'ohana

Ho'ohana'ia ka wai'ele'ele ma nā'ano hana like'ole biological a me ka hana. Ua ho'oholo ka po'e'epekema e hana ka wai i ka ulu'ana o ka bacteria, mele, algae, a inā he 50% ka nui o ka deuterium, loa'a iā ia nā waiwai antimutagenic, e ho'olapai i ka ulu'ana o ke kino biological a ho'onui i ka nui i loko o nā kānaka.

Ua ho'okolohua nā'epekema'Epekema i nā'iole me kahi ma'i'ino. Ua ho'opau'ia e ka wai'eha ka ma'i a me nā mea lawe. Ua Ua ua loaʻa i ka wai meaʻino no ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona. I nā haumāna ho'okolohua i hā'awi'ia i ka wai nui, ua luku'ia nā pu'upa'a a me ka huhū. I ka nui o ka wai, make nā holoholona. Me ka li'ili'i li'ili'i (a hiki i 25%), ua loa'a i nā holoholona ka momona a lawe mai i nā hua maika'i, a ua ho'onui'ia nā henona i ka hana pua'a.

'O ka nīnau e pili ana i nā mea e hiki ke hana inā ho'oku'u loa'ia ka deuterium e wehe.

Ka ho'ohālikelike o nā'ano o ka māmā a me ka wai kaumaha

'O ka pane i ka nīnau o ka'oko'a ma waena o kahi mālamalama maoli a me ka wai kaumaha e pili ana i ka mea i noi'ia.

Ma muli o nā mea'iliakini i waena o lākou,'a'ohe mea'oko'a. I kēlā me kēia mea, ho'omaopopo'ia ka sodium i ka hydrogen, i ka wā o ka electrolysis me kēia mau wai e like me ka ho'ohemo'ana, e like me ka mea like'ole, e like me kā lākou mau mea ho'ohui.

Ke physical waiwai o kēia mauʻano ke kinowai: kapuahi e wahi a ke kūpaleʻana iā lākou ma kaiʻewaʻewa, e like me ka mea iʻokoʻa nuʻa a me ka ohu puʻe. Hiki i ka loiloi i ka loli a me ka wai māmā i nā'ano like'ole.

Mai ke'ano koiohola, pono'ole ka nīnau, ua hana'ia kekahi hana.