Rzhevskaya kaua i ka Great Patriotic War

A hiki mākou i lohe i ka olelo "kaua", mākou i kupu ai ka haohao kaua ma luna o kekahi kahua, ma ma ka lā ua hooholoia i o na contenders e ia i ka uwa maila. Kēia terminology mea maʻa a me ka maopopo. Akā, ua okoa Rzhevskaya kaua. Ua uhi i alahula mau dala o ka manawa me ka ua i ka moʻo o kaua ma na makahiki elua i hala.

Rzhev- hana Vyazemskaya

ʻike mau manawa-wahi ponoi, a i na Nā Kaua o Rzhev (8 January 1942-31 Malaki 1943). I loko nō o ia mau la, ua nui na manawa o ka mālie a me ke kaua positional, i ka wa a ka poʻe hao wale i ole e hana ino.

I kakahiaka nui 1942, i ka Soviet koa ua hiki ke pale ana i na koa o ke Wehrmacht mai Moscow. Akā, me ka ee-kūpono ', i lilo kekahi o nā hanana ka paʻa' ana o ke kaua, hoʻomau. Ana ninau mai la i ka mea nui e hiki hopena. Aia ma ka aina Kelemānia kaua "Center" pae.

Soviet koa ma ke Komohana a me Kalinin Front poe e puunaue, e hoopuni a me ka luku aku i ka mana. I ka lā mua o Ianuari ka eea-kūpono ', e hoʻomaka ana me ka helu 8, Ua hele nā mea a pau e like me ke kuka. Ua e hoʻokele i kuu ai Vereya, Kirov, Mozhaisk, Medyn, Sukhinichi a me Lyudinovo. Nā elue ma ka mea e oki i ka "Center" i loko o kekahi mau kaʻawale nā pūʻulu.

nā wahi

Naʻe, i ka helu 19, ua hoolilo ai i nā fronts ma na kauoha o Iosifa Stalina o ka kaua koa. I kekahi, ua hoouna mai ka 1st hoohikilele Army Kuznetsova i ka Novgorod nui māhele'āina ma lalo o Demyansk a 16th Army Rokossovsky relocated i ke kūkulu hema. Kēia me ka nui loa hoemiia ka silt o ka Soviet hao wale. Ka i koe, wahi wale i ole i ka waiwai e ke hoʻokō i ka hana. Ke Initiative i nalowale.

I ka hopena o Ianuari, ua hoouna aku la ia ma lalo o ka Rzhev 33rd Army ma lalo o ke kauoha o kaʻEperaima. Mau'āpana hou ho'āʻo e hemo mai ma ka pale aku ia lakou o kaʻenemi, akā, i loko o ka hopena i loaa ia lakou ia lakou iho hoopuniia lakou. Ma April 33rd ia i ka lukuia, a Mikhail Efremov he pepehi anaʻia iā iho.

Soviet hana pilikia. E like me ka oihana 'ikepili helu, ke poho nui i 776 000 kanaka, o ka poe a 272 000 i poho. Mai ka 33rd Army wāwahi mai o ka encirclement mau, 'ole. E. 889 koa.

E kaua ana no ka Rzhev

Summer o ka makahiki 1942. 'ka pākēneka Ua hoonoho i ka hana, e hoʻopio i ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka Kalinin māhele' āina. Mua o nā mea a pau ka mea, ua Rzhev. No ka hana hou i ka poe koa elua fronts - Kalinin (General Konev) a me West (General Zhukov).

July 30, hoomaka ae la ka aʻe Soviet kūpono '. Ua kuhi loa lohi. Kēlā me kēia hele a chipped i ka apana o ka aina ke kumukuai o na tausani o ke ola. Ua i loko o nā lā mua o ka hana a hiki i Rzhev ua wale 6 kilomika. Naʻe, ka mea i aneane i ka mahina, e kaua aku ia lakou aku.

Ke kulanakauhale e hoʻokele e hele wale ma ka hope o Augate,. Ua mea i Rzhevskaya kaua i ua lanakila 'o ia. Aia i hiki ae, e ae aku i ke alo o kūhelu ka poeikohoia o ka pelekikena 'Amelika, a nona hoʻi e nānā aku i ka Soviet poepoe. Rzhev Ua ua ia ma September 27. Eia naʻe, noho iho la ilaila i ka Army Red no kekahi mau lā. Aia i kekahi puakai Kelemānia kilo, a noho ana i ke kulanakauhale ma 1 October.

Kekahi Soviet kūpono 'i pau ai i loko o kekahi mea. I ka lilo ana o ke kaua o Rzhev i loko o kēia wā ua like ma kahi o 300 tausani kanaka i, oa. E. 60% o nā limahana o ka Red Army ma keia mua.

Hana "Mars"

Ua ma ka hopena o ka Akuma ka-i kakahiaka nui hooilo ia? Oaony kekahi ho'āʻoʻana, e uhai ma ka pale o ka "Center". Keia manawa, ka mea i hooholoia e ke kaua, e lawe wahi i loko o ia mau wahi, kahi ia i ole i ua ia. O lakou na wahi ma waena o ka muliwai Gzhat a me Osugi, e like me kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Young Tud. Aia i ka uuku nuʻa o Kelemānia mau papa.

I ka Ia manawa i ke kauoha i ho'āʻo ana e alakai hewa i ka enemi, e hoohuli i ka Wehrmacht mai Stalingrad, ma kēia mau lā hele mai i keʻano nui lā o nā kaua.

39th Army e hoʻokele i puʻe wale mai opiopio Tud a me ka 1st Mechanized mau pūʻali hooukaia mai kaʻenemi ka mea nāna 'iniha, kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o White. Akā, ka mea, ua i? Aiaiiuie holomua. Ua i loko o ka hoʻomaka o December, ka Kelemānia counterattack i papani ai hoi i ka Soviet koa, a luku iho la ia i ka 20th Army. Ka Ia hopena kali i ka mau hale: o ka 2nd kiai lio, a 6th pahu.

Ma Dekemaba 8 ma ke kāʻei kua o kēia mau hanana Georgy Zhukov Hoopaa loa ana i ka hana "Mars" (codename) i laila, me ka hana hou ia ka lohi ole. Akā, i kekahi o na hoao ana e hemo mai ma laina o kaʻenemi ka o ka pale i ole pau ana. Hao wale ma lalo o ke kauoha o General Khozina, Yushkevich a me Zygina nele. He nui i kekahi manawa hou hoopuniia. E like me ia mau koho, i ka helu o ka Soviet koa i make i ka wā loli aʻe ma waena o 70 a me 100 tausani. Kaua o Rzhev i ka 1942, a i ole lawe mai i ka lōʻihi-kakali lanakila.

Hana "Byuffel"

Ma mua kēia ho'āla kaua ia i hana i ka ai-kapaia Rzhevskij wānana i i noho ma ka Kelemānia poʻe kaua. Ua ua he pauku kūlana o ka mua - e hoopuni mai ia ia i ka easiest. No ia mea, ua hoʻomaka ihola ma hope o ka Soviet poʻe hao wale i ke kulanakauhale o Luke nui, i loko o January 1943.

Kurt Tseyttsler a me ke koena o ke kauoha o ka Wehrmacht lilo paakiki e noi Hitler i'āponoʻia i ka withdrawal o ka poʻe hao wale. Ma ka hopena, uaʻae akula. Nā poʻe hao wale, he ia e haalele iho i ka laina ma ka wahi o ke kulanakauhale Dorogobuzh. Kuleana no ka lawe ana mai i kēia hana nui o ka Colonel-General Walter Model. Ke manao ua kuhi-inoa "Büffel", i ua unuhi mai Kelemānia i "Buffalo".

lawe Rzhev

Kupono retraction koa kēia kanaka Kelemānia ae e haʻalele i ka wānana kokoke lossless. March 30 hope koa o ka Reich haʻalele i ke koa, a i hooukaia mai no ka oi ma mua o ka makahiki. Wehrmacht mālama i ke kulanakauhale nele a me na kauhale a pau: mea hihiu, Gzhatsk, White, Vyazma. Ua lawe a pau o ia mau mea ma ka Soviet kaua ma March 1943 me ke kaua.

Ka Ia hopena kali i ka Rzhev. He Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ma luna o Malaki 3. Mua komo i ke kulanakauhale 30th Army, i lawe mai i loko o kēia kaiaulu no ka lōʻihi manawa, a i ke koʻokoʻo ma aneane mai kūikawā ma hope o koko kaua. Pela i pau ai na Nā Kaua o Rzhev 1942 1943. Kākou mau pomaikai nui i alakaʻi ai i ka mea i loko o ke Kaua Honua II Initiative hookahi manawa hou hoʻoneʻe i ka Soviet Union.

alualu mai o kaʻenemi

Ke Soviet koa i koe ma hope o Rzhev, a hoomaka ae la ka hōʻeleu i hookahi o ka haʻalele nā kūlana hana o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. E like me ka hopena, ma March e hoʻokele i ka pahu i ka mua laina a hiki i ke komohana no kekahi 150 kilomika. Palapala Soviet poʻe hao wale i hohola. Vanguard mamao loa mai ka hope a me ka collateral. Ka paepaeʻana e hookaulua i ka hoouka kaua ana o thaw a me ka hewa alanui ana.

I kaʻeli na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma Dorogobuzh Apana, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka poe koa o ka pa apŘ i loaa, a me ka Army Red ahulau. Ke kakahiaka nui Hopu, e hiki mai ana ma ka wela, i ka wa a pau i ke kaua o Kursk.

I ka hopena o Rzhev. Lewa i loko o ka nohona

Ma ka Ewa o ke Kaua Honua II i noho ai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale 56 tausani kanaka. City malaila 17 mahina i loko o kaʻoihana, a ma ia mea i razed. Local heluna a holo mua o ka lā, a i ole ola i ka Kelemānia Aupuni. I ka wā o ka Soviet kaua hookuuia ke kulanakauhale March 3, 1943, koe 150 civilians.

Me ka pili ana i na koho ana o ka huina pōʻino o ka Red Army no ka oi ma mua o ka makahiki o ke kaua, ka Ilamuku Viktor Kulikov, ua ala ae nei ia i ka huahelu oi ma mua o 1 miliona kanaka.

Kaua o Rzhev koe i loko o kahi o 300 ola makou mahope o iwilei, ka wā ma mua kaua i kahi o ka mea, he 5500. Ma hope o ke kaua ka mea i kukulu hou iaʻaneʻane mai kūikawā.

Koko kaua a me ka nunui ka pōʻino i lewa paʻa kanaka i ka a me keʻano o ka hana o no oe i loko. ka poem Aleksandra Tvardovskogo "au i pepehi ai ma lalo iho Rzhev" ua manaoia e ia i ka loa kaulana. He nui nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i ua Tver māhele 'āina. Kaua o Rzhev, iau-aeaiaua o ka hanana - ia a pau nō,ʻo ka nui helu o nā malihini. Ma ke kulanakauhale hookahi ma ka hou he mea he mea hoomanao obelisk.