Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party ma Rusia. Ke ano o ke aupuni o ka M. aoao

Ua noa i ike e like me ka hopena o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, a me ka hookuku kaua kivila kaua, ka Bolshevik Party i ka mana i hele mai i loko o Rusia, a, ma kekahi mau kuekueni o kona mau laina, ke alakaʻi noho kokoke a i ka manawa o ka disintegration o ka USSR (1991). Official Soviet historiography makahiki hooeueu ae la i na kanaka i ka manaʻo i ka mea, o keia ikaika a puni pepehi i ke kākoʻo nui o na nā paʻi hua, ana a pau nā hana kālai'āina a papa hana ma kekahi aoao ai kekahi, imi iho la e hoola capitalism. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he oiaio ia mau mea. No ka laʻana, ka mea Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party ua uncompromising ma ka paepae, ma ka like ana me i ke kulana o ka Bolsheviks i manawa mea kŘpa maluhia. I ka Ia manawa ka Social Revolutionaries nema aku "e kaua ikaika ana o ka proletariat", alai ae e Lenin no ka usurpation o ka mana a me ka hoʻoluhi hewa wale o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu. No laila, i ke ano o ka aoao i keia?

Kekahi e ku e na mea a pau

O ka holo ana, ma hope o nā hana noʻeau i nā kiʻi i hanaʻia e nā haku o ka "Socialist Ouji oe", he sinister nana i loko o ka maka o na kanaka o ka Soviet Socialist hoʻokahuli aupuni Party. SRs hoomanao iho la ia i pili ana i ka ka moʻolelo ho'āʻo ma Lenin i ka 1918, i ka pepehi kanaka o Uritsky, ka Kronstadt kipi (kipi) a me ka 'ē aʻe kaʻawaʻawa loa kūʻiʻo o ka Communists. Ua manao ia mea, ua "ninini i loko o nā lima o ka" eea-kipi, ho'āʻo iʻumi waleʻia i ka Soviet mana a me ke kāohi hoʻopau i ka Bolshevik alakaʻi. I ka Ia manawa somehow poina i ka hui alakai i ka mana lola honua paio me ka "aliʻi kia'āina", oia kana a he mea hiki ole ka nui o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale i ka Lūkini Hope elua, a me ka manawa o ka Kanawai Kaua kena ae la i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka pilikia i ka White neʻeʻana. Oia ambiguity ua alakai ai i ka mea i ka Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party uaʻenemi i aneane i ka kaua aoao a pau, e komo ana me ia i loko o pokole kuikahi nei, a me ka 'ōlelo hookuuia i ka ia i ka mea, e hoʻokō i ko lakou mau aupuni kūʻokoʻa pahu hopu. He aha ka mea, ua? He mea hiki ole ke ike me ka heluhelu i ka polokalamu aoao.

Kêia kanaka a me ka hanaia'na

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka hanaia'na o ka Social hoʻokahuli aupuni Party iloko i ka 1902. Kēia i loko o ka mea pono, he oiaio, akā,ʻaʻole loa. I ka 1894 Saratov People ka noho kauwa ole ana Society (clandestine, o ka papa) Ua ulu kona mau polokalamu, a hanau kekahi i kekahi mau mea oi'ano'ē ma mua o mua. elemakule hoeeia e hele aku ai i ka? iecaianoaaiiie o ka polokalamu, hoouna ia ma kahi e, hoʻopuka puke, pai leaflets, ae haawi aku ia i loko o Rusia a me nā manipulations pili me ka muli i loko o ke aouli pili aupuni o ka hou ikaika. A laila, he uuku kaiapili ma mua poai puni i ka Argun, nana Kapa hou i ke mea, i kapaia "Union o Socialist Revolutionaries." Ke ana mua i ka hoʻokumu o ka hou aoao lala a me ka paa ana o ka hale hānai pilina o ka ia, ia mea he Logical. iho o ka hoonohoia'na oihana i loko o nui na kulanakauhale o ke aupuni a pau - Kharkiv, Odessa, Voronezh, Poltava, Penza, a, o ka papa, ma ke poʻo, St. Petersburg. Kau i ke kaʻina hana o ka aoao hale ikea hui,. Ka nupepa "hoʻokahuli aupuni Rusia" polokalamu i paʻiʻia. Kēia leaflet hai i ka hanaia'na o ka Social hoʻokahuli aupuni Party ua he fait accompli. Ua ua i ka 1902.

pahu hopu

Kekahi pili aupuni ikaika hana, alakaʻi ma ka polokalamu. Kēia palapala, aponoia e ka hapanui o ka hoʻokumu Ahaolelo, hai mai la AIM a me epekema, allies a me ka hoa paio, i ka papa kuhikuhiE holo poe koa, a me na nā pilikia e e lanakila. Eia hou, i ka hoakaka hooponopono lula, kālai'āina kino a me nā kūlana o ka wale nô. SRs aoao hana ua kālaiʻia i loko o ke kēia ala.

1. ke kukuluia'na i loko o Rusia o ka noa, a kemokalaka moku'āina me ke aupuni pekelala kahua.

2.ʻO nā mea a pau makaainana like suffrage.

3. Ka Hōʻike, a me nā pono kīvila o ka lunamanaʻo, kaomi, ka olelo, 'ē aʻe, ahahui, a no laila, ma luna o.

4. Ke kuleana e noa ka hoʻonaʻauao.

5. Abolition o ka puali koa me ka paʻa moku'āina 'ole.

6. Naʻewalu-hola lā.

7. Ka kaawale o ka ekalesia a me ka moku'āina.

Aia he kekahi mau kumu, akā, pono e pili kēia hou i nā slogans o ka Mensheviks, ka Bolsheviks a me nā papa hana no hoi, imi iho la e hopu mana like SRs. Ka polokalamu aoao hai aku i ka ia nā loina a me nā pono kīvila.

Generality o nā hale a hoike aku i loko o ka luna kiʻekiʻe i ho'ākāka 'iaʻo Samuel. Ano o ke Aupuni Socialist hoʻokahuli aupuni aoao oia o nā pae. Congresses a me ka ahalunakanawai, i mai (i loko o mezhsezdovsky au) e e KUMUMANAʻO NUI hoʻoholo i i i o ke Komite Central, i ka hooko kino.

Revolutionaries a me ka agrarian nīnau

I ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia, Rusia i ka puleʻAmelika, mahiʻai aupuni, ma na kauwa lakou i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. Ka papa i ka Bolsheviks i ka nui, a me ka pilina democrats nui manaoia hope politically hooleiiaʻi mawaho a pilikino-ona instincts, a loaa mai ka nakanaka ilihune loa wale i ke kūlana o ka mea kokoke Ally o ka proletariat, ka locomotive o ke kipi ana o. Kekahi mau kekahi nānaina ma kēia pukana SRs. Ka polokalamu aoao komo i ka socialization o ka aina. Ma keia hihia, ka mea, ua ole e pili ana i nationalization, oa ke hoʻololi i ka lehulehu ona, akā,ʻaʻole i ka puunaue ana o kona poe hana. Nui, e like me ka Socialist-Revolutionaries, ka mea oiaio aupuni a ka lehulehu, ua i hele mai, mai ke kauhale, a me ka hope versa. No laila, i ka ponoi ona o ka mahiʻai kumuwaiwai e ana i ke kuai ana a me ka pāpā lākou hoolilo i kaiakū aupuni, a e haawi i ka "pono" e like me ka Customer olelo. A pau i kahi hookahi, ka mea i kapaia o ka "socialization" o ka aina.

mahiʻai

He hana hoihoi 'e ma ka hai ana i ke kauhale i kahi o socialism, ka aoao pili i ka Social Revolutionaries ma kona noho me ka lawa mālama nui. Nā kauwa Ua loa maoli ike okoa ia ka hana pili aupuniʻike heluhelu. He aha e manaʻo ai ia mau luna, a me ka hoouka i ke kaua a me ka waihona nā lālā o ka hui i iʻike i nā kama'āina ola ua malihini ia ia. Socialist-Revolutionaries "maʻiʻuhane" o ka mea hoʻokaumaha kanaka, a, me ka pinepine i manaoio ua ike pehea e e hauoli, maikaʻi ma mua o ia. Lākou komo i loko o ka aha hookolokolo i i kaua kipi i ka wā o ka First RussianʻOiʻenehana, hoʻoikaika i ka aoao o nā ko na kauwa, a me ka hana 'ia ai. Like no ka proletariat, a laila, no ka mea, ua i ka heluia, o ka pilikia. I mau, me ka nui o ka hana, noonoo iho la ia e amorphous, a me ka pono e pono nui e hui pu iho la ia.

ka weliweli

Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party ma Rusia ua loaa ia hiʻona i loko o ka makahiki o kona paa. Ua pana Kuhina o ka Kalaiaina Sipiagin e Stepan Balmashev, a hoʻonohonoho i ka pepehi kanaka o G. Girshuni, nana i alakai i ke koa'ēheu o ka hui. A laila, ua nui no ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale (o ka loa kaulana o ia i manaoia udavshiesya ho'āʻo ma S. A. Romanova, ka makua o Rotehama II a me ke Kuhina Plehve). Ma hope o ke kipi, ka Party o ka hema SRs Hoomau iho la lakou e hoahewaia papa inoa o kona mōhai, he nui alakaʻi o ka Bolsheviks, a me ka mea he nui kaʻokoʻa. Ke hiki e hoonohonoho kanaka hana o ka weliweli a me ka reprisals ku e kanaka mau hoa paio me ka AKP hiki ole paʻi i kekahi i kekahi kālai'āina aoao. SRs maoli eliminated i ke poo o ka Petrograd Cheka Uritsky. Me ka pili ana i ka kīmopō hana ma ka Michelson hola, ka moʻolelo mea vague, akā, paʻa alii iho la oia mai ko lakou komo hiki ole e. Naʻe, i ka pālākiō o ka nuipa a makaʻu iā ia ma mua o ka Bolsheviks ua mamao aku. Eia naʻe, paha, ina e hele mai i ka mana ...

Azef

A kaʻao kanaka. Yevno Azef alakai militant hui, a ua ua conclusively ai, hana pū 'ana me ka Makäkiu oihana o ka Russian aupuni a pau. A me ka hapanui o importantly - i loko o nā ana o kēia mau mea, no laila, okoa i ka pahu hopu a me nā Pahuhopu, nā hale, ka mea, ua hauʻoli loa. Azef Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka moʻo o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale' ku e ka poeikohoia o ka alii hooponopono, akā, i ka hana malu hāʻawiʻIa aku ai i ka nui helu o militants. Wale i ka makahiki 1908 i paku ole ia i kona mau SRs. A aoao e ae aku i loko o kona kahua e like me ka mea kumakaia? Ke Central Komite i haawi mai kona verdict - make. Azef ua aneane i loko o ka lima o kona hoa no keia pii ma mua, akā,ʻo ia ua hiki i ke kanaka naaupo! Ia, a holo. Pehea iho la oia ia mea,ʻaʻole loa maopopo, akā, i ka mea i koe ia a hiki i 1918, ua noho iho la, a i ole e make, mai ka make, noose a me ka pōkā, a me nā konāhua maʻi, a "hoʻolimalima i" i loko o ka hale paʻahao Pelelina.

Savinkov

Social hoʻokahuli aupuni Party o Laielohelohe nui adventurers ma ka uhane, ka poe i imi i ka wahi o ka noi o karaima Talanov lākou paʻa. Kekahi o ia ua Boris Savinkov, ka poe i hoomaka ae la kona 'oihana pili aupuni me ka lokomaikaʻi, a laila, hui me nā poʻe hoʻoweliweli. Ka 'aoʻao o ka Social Revolutionaries hele mai i ka makahiki ma hope o kona hanaia'na, ua ka mua hope Azefs, komo i loko o ka makaukau ana o na mea he nui hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale, a me ka loa resonant, ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make, holo aku la. Ma hope o kaua mai Bolshevism ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana. Koi ia ia i ka mana i loko o Rusia, aʻu i hana ai me Denikin, ua maʻa me Churchill a me Pilsudski. Savinkov hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho ma hope o kona hopu ia ana ma ke KGB i ka makahiki 1924.

Gershuni

Grigoriy Andreevich Gershuni i kekahi o na lala K'lauea o ka oihana'ēheu o ka Socialist hoʻokahuli aupuni Party. He kuhikuhi i ka hana o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hana e ku i ke Kuhina o Sipiagin, hoao mai e pepehi i ke alii kiaaina Harkova Obolenskogo, a he nui nā hana ke hoʻololi e loaʻa ai aina pomaikai. He hana na wahi a - mai Ufa, a Samara i Geneva - hanaʻaha hui hana a me ka ōhumu o ka kūloko lola honua koʻikoʻi a hanohano. I ka 1900, ua hopuʻiaʻo ia, akā, Gershuni e hoʻokele i ka pale aku i ka hoopai, e like me ia, ma ka pohāʻana o ka aoao nā mea pono, ikaika hōʻole kekahi komo i loko o ka clandestine 'ole. Akā, ua he hemahema, a hahai aku la i ka verdict i ka 1904 ma Kiev: loulou. Pakele alakaʻi Gregory A. noho i loko o Paris, kahi ona e waiho koke i make ai. Ua ua he artist oiaio o ka weliweli. I ka papa kuhikuhiE poho, o kona ola ua he betrayal Azefs.

Party ma ke Kanawai War

Obolshevichivanie Soviets e kanu pū, e like me ka Socialist-Revolutionaries, artificially, a lawelawe kolohe kāu kiʻina hana alakaʻi i ka withdrawal o ko lākou mau aoao laʻelaʻe 'ia. Hou hana, he sporadic. Na SRs komo i loko o ka? Aiaiiuie kuikahi me ke keʻokeʻo, me ka ulaula, a me ka maopopo nāʻaoʻaoʻelua i ke alu like 'ua dictated e wale ka pōkole-makahiki kālai'āina pono. Ua loaa ia ia ka hapa nui i loko o ka Constituent Ahaolelo, i ka aoao nele i ka ai ka pomaikai. I ka 1919, i ka Bolsheviks, e noonoo pono i ka nui o ka hana o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hui, ua hoʻoholo e legalize kona hana i loko o nā panalāʻau e noho ma lalo o kā lākou mana, akā, i kēia anu u i ole i ka nui o ka Anati-Soviet. Eia naʻe, no ka SRs manawa hai aku i ka moratorium ma luna o ka hana ana, kākoʻo kekahi o ka paio ana 'aoʻao. I ka 1922, nā lālā o ka AKP loa "hooleiiaʻi mawaho" like enemi o ke kipi, a hoomaka ae la ko lakou piha eradication o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi? O ka Soviet Rusia.

i ke pioʻana

Ka haole'aheʻelele AKP i waho loa ma mua o ka maoli pio ana o ka aoao i ka 1918. Kēia 'ole i ole, ua apono ia e ka Central Komite, akā, aka hoi, ola ma Stockholm. Ma hope o kekahi de E facto pāpā i loko o ke pioʻana i loko o Rusia, ua aneane pau ana o na koena a me nā hoa i ke koe ana o ka aoao i nui. Ka mea, i kiaʻano nui i loko o Palaka, Pelelina a me Paris. He poai puni i ka hana o na keena, Victor Chernov, ka mea holo wale aku no i ka 1920. Ma waho aʻeo ia "hoʻokahuli aupuni Rusia", paʻiʻia ma ka hoʻokuewa wale 'ia a me nā periodicals ( "No na kanaka!", "Hoikehonua, Notes"), i Hōʻike' o ka manaʻo i pūliki pono i ka mua lola honua nei kaua aku i nā exploiters. Ma ka pau ana o na 30s, ka mea,ʻike ihola i ka mea e pono ai no ka hoihoi hou ana o ke capitalism.

Ka pau 'ana o ka Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party

Ke kaua me ka KGB i koena SRs lilo i ke kumuhana o na mea he nui noʻeau novels a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. I mau, ke kumu o kēia mau huahana hoʻopili like i ka ike maopopo, nae hanaiia nānaina. I mea, i ka M. ana ma ka hapalua like 20-ies ua he pili aupuni ana ke kino make, e noho malie hoi ihola ia i ka Bolsheviks. Loko Soviet Rusia SRs (kahiko) mercilessly loaa, a me kekahi manawa kaiapili-hoʻokahuli aupuni wale a hiki wahi i kanaka, aole loa e kaʻana like ia. Ka holomua ana o luring kekahi lala pakahi aku la ia hoowahawahaia o ka Party i loko o ka Soviet Union i manao e noiʻi hou 'ana i reprisals waiho i keia manawa kekahi waiū o ka lola honua Anati-Soviet a papa hana. I wahi o ka SRs pae koke i Trotskyites, Zinoviev, Bukharinites, Martovites a me nā mea kahiko Bolsheviks, lilo koke disagreeable. Akā, i ka mea i kekahi moʻolelo ...