Sofia Parnok. Russian haku mele a me ka unuhi. Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu

Sofia Parnok - he loea haku mele a me ka unuhi. Ua Ua kapaʻia ka Lūkini Sappho (Sappho) - ka mea, o ka mea wale nō i kekahi i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa Soviet makahiki e olelo wiwo ole mai e pili ana i anal ke aloha. Ua ua lohe nuiʻia, a ua hoomalamalamaia mai, mai kekahiʻaoʻao o kona pili me Marina Tsvetaeva. Hope - oi popularized ma o ka haku mele, iā Parnok i emi iki mahope o ia ia i talena,ʻaʻohe manaʻo nui i loko o Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Ua o ia, no ka haku mele o ke kala, Age, a haʻalele i ka hailona o biographical 'ike - He makana na nā keiki. Yakovlevna Sofia ike ole wale i loko o na aouli o Rusia. A ou wahi lihi iki o keia i ka pilina i ka puke Diana Lewis Burgin "Sofia Parnok. Life a me ka hana ana o Russian Sappho '.

kumu 'ike

Sofiya Yakovlevna Parnok, maoli inoa a hoailona iho e like Parnoh, i hānauʻia ma ka hoʻomaka o Augate, i ka helu o ka 11, i ka 1885 (Old Style - July 30). I ka aina o ka haku mele - Taganrog. makua Sofia ka, Yakov Solomonovich, nona ka drugstore i loko i kāna mau mea hana me ka pharmacist. He iā ia i ka inoa o honorary kupa o ke kulanakauhale. Alexander Abramovna, Sophia ka makuahine, ma ka oihana a me ka oihana i ka 'inikua kauka, la oia i helu ia ma ka hanauna mua o ka wahine kauka ma Rusia. Parnohʻohana ua ana, a keu aku, ua hapa o ka moʻomeheu a me ka 'imi naʻauao waiwai o ke kulanakauhale. Ia mea kahaha ko oukou naau i i na mamo a pau a Iakoba a me Alexandra Solomonovicha Abramovna i pono loa i hana - mai ka wanaʻao kamaliʻi ka mea, hoʻokani mele, i kakahiaka nui akamai i ka heluhelu, aʻo mau haole 'ōlelo (Kelemānia a me Palani). I hou i ko makou heroine, a me ka pomaikai nui ma ka makakū kula i kona kaikunane a me ka kaikuahine (Valentin Parnoh a me Elizaveta Tarahovskaya). He hele aku la ia e lilo i ka mea mua i ike bila huahelu, unuhi a kakau iho la i kona mau poetry. Elizaveta Tarahovskaya kekahi la ia mea me he haku mele. Parnok Sofia, ma ka huli, koke hoike mai i kona palapala, ai 'tālena - ka mua pauku i kākau ia hoʻi i loko o ka makahiki o eono.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Gemini, Valentin a me Lizaveta he kaikaina ma mua o kona mau kaikuahine, Sophia, no ka umi makahiki. Me ka hanau ana o ko lakou hui pu Parnohʻohana pōʻino - haawi i ke ola no kā lākou poʻe keiki, Alexander Abramovna make i loko o ka nahunahu hanau. Makua,ʻaʻole makemake ia e wale, ma hope o kekahi manawa hoʻoholo ma luna o ka lua o ka mare ana, a mare i ka governess. Hopena - mokuāhana a me ka ole i ka pili me ka kaikamahine hanau mua. No ka mea ola i loko o kona maoli Taganrog hale ua no Sophia Parnok i ka ukana.

ho okumu

I ka 1894, he opiopio Parnok i helu i loko o ka Women ka Taganrog Marian gymnasium. 1900 ia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kākau i ka nui helu o poem - ka kiko'ī laina, a me ka outline o Sofia kākau i loko o ka buke, he nui no ia i holo. Ka mea, e hāʻawi pololei 'ike e pili ana i ka poetry Parnok ia manawa. I ka 1903, ua puka 'o ia mai ke kula me ka hanohano, e loaa ana i kekahi mekala gula no lākou e piʻi like. Over ka aʻe makahiki Yakovlevna Sofia hoolaa Geneva Conservatory, ma a ka haku mele lea hoʻokani i ka hoʻokani piano, nae, ma ke mele,ʻaʻole ia i hele aku.

Parnok Sofia hoi mai Kuikilana a hiki i Rusia me ka manao, e hoʻomau lākou hoʻonaʻauao. Maluhia iho la i loko o St. Petersburg, kahi āna i noho ai, kona makuakane hanauna, Parnok a ho'āʻo e hoʻomau i kona bila hoʻonaʻauao, akā, ua aʻo i loko o ka Conservatory o ke kulanakauhale no ka pōkole manawa, au ike i ka 'oihana hana aloha ole ia ia, a haʻalele i kēia kula i ka 1905. Ua Ua hana kekahi i loko o ka Higher Women ka Bestuzhev papa, akā, kona koho ana o na kumu kula o kānāwai, a ua i pau.

hanaia'na

Hekikai no e olelo aku, i ke kuko ua moʻokalaleo no Parnok? Sofia Yakovlevna nui unuhi mai ka 'ōlelo Palani, kakau iho la sketches a me caricatures, a me Geneva hoala ia i hooeueuia lakou e kākau i ka pōʻaiapuni mua o poem - ka mea, ua loaʻa i kona hoohui ana me Nadezhda Pavlovna Polyakov. Parnok Lyrics Sofia, ma ka rula, ua pono permeated me ke aloha i ka wahine, i ka welelau o kona ike ana i ka wanaʻao, a i ole ai ia e hoole ia.

Haku mele Print e hoomaka ana i ka 1906. Debut hoomaka ae la kona 'atikala ma "Lūkini waiwai" a me ka "'ākau memo" (paʻiʻia ma 1913 ma lalo o ka inoa o Andrew Polyanina, kakau iho la noho pilikia' atikala).

By 1910 Parnok kaulana i loko o ka palapala, ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano ua ulu ai i ka wahi ana i ka "Lūkini lono," ia ua he loa ke alu like. Ke loa haku mele neʻe akula i ka noho ma Moscow.

I ka 1916 hele mai la ka mua ohi o ka poetry Sofia Yakovlevna Parnok kapaia prosaic ( "poem").

Ma hope o ka kipi ana o 1917, hele akula i ka haku mele i ka Pike, akā, hoi aku la a hiki i Moscow ma ke kakahiaka nui 20s, a ua hoʻokuʻuʻia eha hoiliili ole o ka poetry (1922-1928.).

I ka 1930, ua o ke kahua i nā keaka mele i loko o kona libretto vozymevshaya uē ma ka pomaikai.

Ma nā makahiki, Parnok Sofia, e like na mea he nui i ka manawa, ua 'aʻole i hoʻoili.

Personal ola

Loko o kekahi kakahiaka nui kaʻike o ko lākou kohoʻia, Russian Sappho i ka 1907 mare VM Volkshteyna. Paha i ke kumu no keia i ka pilikia kālā pilikia - ka makua kāne,ʻaʻole i makemake mai ia me ka haʻawina o kona kaikamahine, ua oki ae la Parnok dala. Akā,ʻelua makahiki ma hope o ka mare ana i pau ai i ka hoʻohemo. Sofia i ole i hiki ke aloha i kana kane, a keu aku, e like me ka mea huli mai, e haawi mai ia ia ia, e like me na keiki i hiki ole.

I ka noho ana i loko o St. Petersburg, Parnok ua kama'āina i ka palapala, ai 'alakai huahelu o ka manawa, a me Alexander Blok, a ma ia manawa he uuku-ike Anna Akhmatova. Kekahi o lakou, he kona mau hoapili ma ko lakou mau ola, e like me Maximilian Voloshin.

Marina Tsvetaeva a Sofia Parnok

Pili aloha ma waena o nā kaulana haku meleʻelua nō hoihoi 'a me biographers a me admirers o ka lakou mau hana.

Okatoba 16, 1914 ma kekahi o ka palapala, ai 'ahiahi, a halawai me kēia poʻe hoahānau na uhane mau. Lākou Awaits mau ae la ia e like elua makahiki - a hiki i ka hooilo o 1916. Ko lakou pomaikai nui wawahi mai ai koke, me he mea ia ma mua i wanana ai ka lono kaumaha hope - nā manaʻo i makemake i ka mea, e haʻalele koke. Akā, i makemake e hiki novels a cheerleader Sofia Parnok (Kawaihae mai nei, no ka laʻana, e pili ana i Nine Vedeneevoy, kona hope aloha), Marina Tsvetaeva haʻalele i ka hohonu kumumea i loko o kona hoomanao ana, a ma kona hana.

nā makahiki

August 26, 1933 ma ka kauhale o Sofia Yakovlev make o ka naau hoouka. Ma nā makahiki,ʻo ia i palapala, a holo aku la mai ka palapala, ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Funeral Parnok he Lefertovo. Ua ua ikeia ia mea, Boris Pasternak i keia manawa. Tsvetaeva, ma luna o kona mau assurances, waiho wale aku no i ka make ana o ka mua loiraʻano indifferent.