Thermal 'ole a me ka enthalpy o ke kahua. Introduction e thermochemistry

Enthalpy o ka ho okumu, thermodynamic waiwai like ano nui i Nine Inch, i Hōʻike i ka nui o ka ikaika i ka mea i loko o kona hakakino 'ole hiki ke hoohuliia mai i loko o ka wela, o kekahi o ka ki manaÿo thermodynamic kemika. Kēia lālā o ka 'epekema i këia i ka mahana ano o okoa reactions a me kā lākou kaukaʻi ma luna o nā mea a pau ano i keia ano a pau o ke kino a me ka Nine Inch kiko'î, wela nona iho, a pae nā mahele. Ke enthalpy o ka ho okumu (mai ka olelo Helene, o "entalpio." - "enaena i") hoʻoholo i ka Nine Inch hui koi nui o ka ikehu e ho okumu i ka luna 'waiwai mai na mea hehee wale, ia e like me ka rula, i loko o kona loa lio moku'āina.

No ka laʻana, hydrogen, naikokene paha i oxygen e like me ka gaseous palapala, ke kalapona - kalapona a me ka bromine - wai moku'āina. Enthalpy o ka ho okumu - he mea nui thermochemical waiwai, e like me ka mea mau hiʻohiʻona nō ole wale ia ana ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia theoretically, akā, i kūkulu i keʻano o Nine Inch ike loea a me ka hana i ka mea pono, e lawe mai ia lakou mai. A me keia mea hiki wale nō inā he mea pololei, a scientifically ma muli 'ike ma luna o ka physicochemical a me ka thermodynamic waiwai o na hui likeʻole. Oia ike pinepine hoolilo oi aku mamua o kanalima pakeneka o ka loiloi mua 'ikepili no ka manao o ka luna' lako a pan no ka 'epekema ho okolohua a me hanalima hana.

No laila, i ke ao ana o ka waiwai o kekahi mau waiwai, e like me ka enthalpy o ke kahua, mea i keia la kekahi o na nā makakoho thermochemistry a pinepine hoʻohana thermodynamic naoh nā helu kaulike e hooholo i kēia nui. Ka mea, e hōʻike i ka hoʻopiha ana o ka waiwai, a me ka thermal hopena ua manao like kekahi o ka naoh huahana.

I ka wela o ka naoh, me ho okumu enthalpy o ka waiwai a me ka nānā 'hoʻohana' ana i kekahiʻano calorimeters. Ka ai-kapa pōkā pahū calorimeter mea he pono-thermostatted ipu paa 'ano i loko o i thermal ikehu oku u like me ka hopena o ka Nine Inch naoh ua luku wale, e hoomahuahua i ke ana wela i loko o ka Keena Kalaiaina makahiki. Ke calorimeter e kū'ē waiwai, a me ka naoh kaulana nō e iho i loko o nāʻano likeʻole. A laila, i ka loko ana wela o ka meakino ua anaia mai ka manawa ma ke ana wela a me ka thermocouple.

Ma keia ala, ana ma ka maʻamau enthalpy o ka ho okumu ana i na tausani he nui o ka waiwai. A pau i nā ikepili akahele a meticulously kākau i loko o ka kūikawā kūmole a me ka papa. Nō hoʻi, hiki ke ho omaulia ka enthalpies o ke kahua kiko'î o kekahi mau waiwai mathematically hoʻohana like mea o ka reacting waiwai a me ka naoh nā huahana o kēia mau mea. No keia a hoʻohana i ka hua thermodynamic nā helu kaulike.

Simple waiwai e kokoke mau ho okumu enthalpy mea like me ke 'Aʻohe. He aha ka mea i hoʻi ia i loko o ka mooolelo ma o ka helu. A me keia thermodynamic waiwai, no ka laʻana, phosphorus trichloride hiki ke ho omaulia hoʻohana 'ana i nā kēia haʻilula:

P (TV.) + 1½ C ₃ = RS (m).

No ka gaseous ke hooheheeia (Fe, AL) mea okoa mai Aʻohe ka enthalpy o ke kahua, a ho i ka thermochemical hou 'ma ke hoʻololi, mai ka paa ana (ka hae) i loko o ka gaseous moku'āina. Keia waiwai ua ike like me ka enthalpy o vaporization, i kapa atomization.