Terephthalicʻakika: Nine Inch waiwai, i ka hoomakaukau, a me ka noi

Nui 'elele o polycarboxylic onaona hui i phthalicʻakika nā mea loaʻa na poe ma kekahi isomers - ortho-isomer (pono, phthalicʻakika), meta-isomer (isophthalicʻakika) a me ka para-isomer (terephthalic). A pau o keia pae ana o 'ona loa hoʻomano hoʻohana i nā hanalima kula.

Terephthalicʻakika - maemae colorless mea pōaka pauka i loaa i loko o ka naoh wai a pae'okesaside o paraxylene ma ke alo o ka cobalt paʻakai huina catalysts. Ke AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka waiwai me kaʻano o ka waiʻona mai ke kino hiki aku ai i ke kahua o Nine Inch i huiʻia ka ester pae. Ka mea nui loa e pili ana i dimethyl terephthalate.

Terephthalicʻakika mea i ana no ka hoʻololi kemikala o polyethylene terephthalate (Ka Hānai Ā Huhu) - he aniani moakaka wela-hoʻopale pīlali i loaa mai ma ka polycondensation naoh o ka waiwai me ka'etolina glycol. A laila, mai ka mea paka ea hue, polyester olona, terilenovoy Group, maikaʻiʻikeʻia ma lalo o ka inoa "polyester", e like me keʻano o ka'ōpala ipu no kaʻai hana, lolouila eiiiiiaiou a me acee? Iuo oeiia o ka lako a pan.

E like me kā lākou Nine Inch waiwai like, e terephthalicʻakika monocarboxylic hui. Ua ma paio hahana maoli nō paha ma lalo o ka aoao o ka, no laila,-kapaia dehydrating waiwai ma ka haiia ano paʻakai, nā mea kemika, luna ' hakakino' ole, anhydrides, amides, e like me kekahi paha mau carboxyl pūʻulu. Terephthalicʻakika i komo i loko o ka esterification naoh, like me ka hopena o i ka mono- a me diesters i hana. Ma ka hahana maoli nō kēia o ka mea pōaka nā i ka wela ole elua haneri emi ma mua o nā degere he malama decarboxylation, e haawi i huiʻia i loaʻa i ka palena haʻahaʻa helu o ka carboxyl pūʻulu. Naʻe, i ka naoh i loko o ka electrophilic hakahaka XUEeIAPEOO ke komo lima olalo, e hoomau aku i ka pilikia nui ma.

Phthalicʻakika maoli ai i loaʻa i loko o uliuli pigment o ka mea kanu a me poppy hua pods. O kona nā mea loaʻa nō i ka mea nui i huiʻia dibutyl me Etera, a dimethyl phthalate, a i hoʻohana like plasticizers o kelulose huahana, vinyl polymers a me rubbers. Nō hoʻi, dimethyl, diethyl a me ka dibutyl phthalate i nui eiiiiiaiou o kekahi repellents.

Isophthalicʻakika ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka unsaturated polyester kēpau. Mai isophthalates maikai loa plasticizers. Naʻe, ke noi nui o benzenepolycarboxylic pae o ka hui mai i terephthalicʻakika, a ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka nui waiwai no ka hana like polyethylene terephthalate a me ka dimethyl terephthalate. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana o ka hipuu o okoa maomeka, kaula, mea hoʻoili mau hipuu, lawaia upena, holo hou aku i, likini, trawls, kola a me nefteustoychivyh hoses, fasteners "uila", kaula o ka Hana rackets, a mea' ē aʻe. A, i ke ala apuupuu lole kālepa ma loko i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka waiwai ia, hua mai la i Jersey, likeʻole 'aʻaʻa (crepe, tweed, maloko, etc.), pale huahana, raincoat, mamalu a me ka lole kumuhana, pālule, anal, na keiki o ka aahu etc.

Ma ka hopena, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea a pau i kaʻakika benzenepolycarboxylic hopena ua mau loaʻano pākīkē a me kaʻawahia waiwai. No laila, ka mea, ua mau pili i ka Material Maluhia o ka LehulehuʻIkepili, a helu pū 'ia nā mea a pau i ka waiwai a me nā' ano o ka hui, e like me ka pono me ke kaʻina hana a me na rula no ka hana ana me ia.