Van't Hoff ololi

Isotonic pāʻoihana - he kūikawā pūʻulu o nā pāʻoihana, a i wehewehe aku e osmotic puʻe. He o ia mea, a i wehewehe aku e loli i loko o ke kino, e like me: ke koko wai koko, waimaka, lymph, a no laila, ma luna o. A pau kēia mau ke kinowai i postoyannoem puʻe ma ka aina o 7,4 atm. Penei, ina injected i loko o ke kino, e e hoʻolauna, ka osmotic puʻe o ka wai, e wāwahiʻia, e like me ka e e uhaʻiʻia like koena.

E hoʻomākaukau ia i ka pāʻoihana, e pono e hana i kekahi ho. Ka loa kaulana ala o ka e hali ana i mea ole wale ka van't Hoff ololi isotonic. Me ka mea, i kekahi ke ho omaulia isotonic pāʻoihana lehulehu o ka nāu kekahi waiwai, i mea ole ka electrolyte. Ke osmotic puʻe, i ke dala o ka pāʻoihana, a me kona wela kaukaʻi nō i pau i kāheaʻia Clapeyron helu kaulike. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia me ka mahalo, e dilute pāʻoihana, like e like me ke kānāwai o van't Hoff, ka' ona ua hoʻopau i loko o ka wai, e hele i loko o ka like me na kinoea, a no ka mea, ia ia noi a pau i ka ai-kapaia kinoea kānāwai.

Van't Hoff ololi - kēia mea ole, me he aiao, i characterizes i ka hana o ka mea i loko o kekahi pāʻoihana. Olelo ana mai o ka laulā like paha o ka Van't Hoff ololi like me ka lākiō o ka laulā cia Collegiate waiwai i uluhia e ka pāʻoihana a hiki i ka ia waiwai nonelectrolyte, a me na ia lehulehu, ana a pau nā mea kiko'î a koe ua hoʻololiʻia.

Ke physical ano o isotonic kaʻi lau waiwai i hoike mai i ka mana o kēlā me kēia aiao Collegiate. e kalele iho i ka lehulehu o ka waiwai i loko o ka huna pāʻoihana a pau o ia mau mea. Nonelectrolytes e e komo i loko o ka dissociation naoh, nae, kēlā hookahi lātoma o ka waiwai, e ia no huna. Electrolytes, ma ke kaʻina hana o ka solvation i kekahi ihola ia a hapa 'ia' disintegrate i loko o Ion, pela ho okumu i kekahi mau (particles). Ua huli mai i colligative waiwai , e hilinaʻi ma ka helu o nā (particles) i kakauiaʻi malokoʻano, a laila Ion. Penei, isotonic kaʻi lau waiwai e ia i ka läÿau, he okoa pāʻoihana o kēlā me kēia 'ano o ka huna. Inā ka pāʻoihana mākou noonoo o ka Hekikai, ka mea hiki ke ike i ka mea, he ekolu ano o (particles): cations o kalipuna hypochlorite, e like me koloriside - anions. Isotonic kaʻi lau waiwai, e hōʻike i ka electrolyte pāʻoihana ua oi (particles) ma mua o ka 'ole-electrolyte pāʻoihana. Kaʻi lau waiwai, e hilinaʻi ma luna paha o ka waiwai ua Wāwahi i Ion - loa he mea'ē aʻe ma mua o ka dissociation waiwai.

No ka mea, pau i hooleiiaʻi mawaho ikaika electrolytes dissociation keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ka mea i hoaponoia e kali i ka Van't Hoff ololi ma keia hihia, ua like me ka helu ana o Ion na i loko o ka lātoma. Eia naʻe, ma ka ike maopopo, ke kaʻi lau waiwai cia mea mau emi o ke kumukuai, mau hōʻailona i hoʻohana 'Eq. Kēia kūlana ua hookumuia ia ma 1923 ma Debye a me Hiickel. Ka mea, ua kālaiʻia i ke kumumanaʻo o electrolytes ikaika: na Ion eʻaʻole e nā pilikia eʻoni aʻe, e like me ka mea e hana solvation iwi. No hoi, ka mea no e kū'ē i kekahi i kekahi, e alakai e ho'ōla i ke kahua o ia i ka hui e e hoʻoneʻe i kekahi ala e hiki aku ma ka pāʻoihana. 'O kēia ka ai-kapaia ionic' ē aʻe, a ion hui. A pau keʻano o ka hanaʻana, e lawe wahi i loko o ka pāʻoihana no laila, me he mea la ka mea loaʻa he mau (particles).

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o Ion hoʻomaka e wane me ka mahana, e ala like hoʻi me ke emi i ko lakou lehulehu. A pau ma muli o ia ka mea i loko o ia hihia hoemi a me ka pahiki o ke anaina kanaka, ka mea okoa (particles) i loko o ka pāʻoihana.